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174 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
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brassy cough
difficulty breathing |
croup
which virus? |
parainfluenza
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dyspnea in croup due to?
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inflamed subglottic tissue obstructing upper airway leading to
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stridor of croup [sign URI has spread to larynx]
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nikolsy sign
epidermal necrolysis fever pain |
scalded skin syndrome
due to? |
staph
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how does staph toxin work?
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exfoliatin exotoxin
what part of the skin do they affect? |
only the superficial epidermis
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thayer-martin culture is for?
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n. gon
contains what? |
vanco [kills GMP]
colistin [GMN other than n.gon] nystatin [kills fungus] |
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what factors does h. influ need to grow
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X
V known as? |
enrichment media [special growht factors]
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what does clostridium need to grow?
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anaerobic
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what appears purples on MacConkey agar?
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lactose fermenters
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what appears black on EMB
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lactose fermenters
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what is high in the CSF of patients with MS?
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IgG in oligoclonal bands
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visual evoked potentials used to detect?
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MS due to demylination
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what type of dz is MS?
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auto-immune demylinating
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what other disease besides MS do you see oligodendrocyte depletion?
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progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy
due to what virus? |
JK-polyoma
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BK virus affects who?
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kidney transplant patients
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triad of HUS
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microangiopathic HA
ARF thrombocytopenia present with? |
fever
abd pain diarrhea with blood pallor oliguria |
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labs for HUS?
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decreased RBC
decreased platelets inc BT inc LDH ince BUN and Cr |
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catalase + organisms:
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staph
pseudo citro e.coli klebsiella shigella yersinia proteus salmonella serratia enterobacter |
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germ-line mosacism?
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consider in siblings but parents dont have dz
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somatic mutation?
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cant be passed on
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TCR beta gene rearrangement leads to what on tlymph
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both CD4 and cd8 expression
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kozak consensus sequence mutation leads to:
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beta-globin thalassema
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pubic hair starts in which tanner phase?
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2
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breasts enlarge in which tanner phase?
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2
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tanner phase of penile length versus width?
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2-length
3-width |
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raised areola?
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tanner stage 4
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blood from a ruptured follicle causes peritoneal irritation that can mimic appendicitis
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mittelschmerz
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X=
V= for growht of H.Influ |
x=hematin
V= NAD+ what bacteria produce these? |
s. aureus
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satellite phenomenon:
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h. influ growing around hemolytic s. aureus
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what does s. aureus do to help h.influ grow?
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lyses rbc to release x and produces V
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chocolate agar can be used to grow:
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h. influ [with bacitracin]
n. mening |
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prinzmetal's angina you see:
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episodic transient anginal chest pain at rest
pain at night temporary ST elevations |
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which electorlyte is high in sarcoidosis?
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calcium
due to? what else do you see? |
inapprop high vit D from macroph
low PTH |
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tetrology of fallot:
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PS
RVH Overriding aorta VSD |
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non-cyanotic heart dz:
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asd
vsd patent ductus arteriosus coarctation of the aorta |
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cyanotic heart dz:
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TofF
Transposition of the Great Ves Persistant Truncus Arteriosus Tricuspid atresia Tot anamolous pulm venous return |
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signs of infective endocarditis:
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janeways lesions
osler nodes roth's retinal spots subungal splinter hemorrhages what will you hear on auscultation? |
regurg murmur
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HPV 16 does:
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E6 gene product inhibits p53 suppressor
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HPV 18 does:
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E7 gene product inhibits RB suppressor gene
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c. diptheriea look like what?
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chineses letters or joined in v or y shaped chains
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umbilical vein becomes:
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ligamentum teres
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virus with postaruicular/occipital, adenopathy, lymphadenopaty and arthralgias...
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rubella
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tx for
syphillis chlamydia gonorrhea |
penecillin
ceftriaxone azithromycin/doxy |
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CEA is a marker for?
CA 19-9 DHEA |
colorectal/pancreatic
pancreatic CA adrena neoplasia |
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absence of tymic shadow:
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SCID
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PABA sunblock only blocks:
Zinc oxide blocks: |
UVB
uvb and uva |
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tx for measles
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vit. a
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melanocytes don't make melanin properly
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albinism
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absence of melanocytes in skin
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viltiligo
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melanosome aggregates within the cytoplasm of the melanocyte
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cafe au lait
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acanthosis assoc with?
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psoriasis
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dyskeratosis assoc with?
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scc
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spongiosis assoc with
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contact dermatitis
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hyperparakaratosis assoc with
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actinic keratosis
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hypergranulosis assoc with
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lichen planus
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BRAF protein kinase assoc with
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melanoma
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how does vit d defieincy present:
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increased serup phos
increased PTH low Ca bone pain muscle weakness |
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platlets normally aggregate in response to ADP
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vWF
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platelets dont aggregate with ristocetin
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vWF
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test for DNA-binding proteins
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southwestern
what do DNA-binding proteins bind to? |
oligonucleotide probes
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hybridization of multiple probes at one?
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microarray
analyzes? |
DNA to see the flourescens of mRNA expressed
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palpable purpura
abd pain arthralgia kidney involvement |
Henoch-Schonlein pupura [leukocytoclastic vasculitis]
due to? |
IgA IC
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painless, transient, monocular vision loss due to?
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amaurosis fugax
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temporal lobe infarct leads to:
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pie in the sky "quadrantonopsia"
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floaters/poor night vision:
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diabetic retinopathy
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cotton wool exudates
dot and blot retinal hemorrhages |
diabetic retinopathy
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HIV pol gene codes for:
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reverse transcriptase
integrase protease |
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HIV env gene codes for
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protein that facilitates transport of unspiced viral transcripts out of the nucleus
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HIV tat gene codes for:
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proteins that transcriptionally activates other viral genes
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HIV gag gene codes for:
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envelope glycoproteins gp120 gp41 from the env gene
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what do you culture cysteine-tellurite agar?
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c. diptheriae [dark, slightly iridescent colonies]
look like? |
club-shaped rods
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what grows on MacConkey?
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GMP, enteric bacteria
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bordot-gengou medium used for?
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b. pertussis
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eye adduction:
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oculomotor
medial rectus |
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what goes through the superior orbital fissure:
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trochlear nerve [4]
abducens [6] superior opthalmic vein occulomotor nerve [3] opthalmic nerve [V1] |
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what goes through foramen rotundum..
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transmits CNV2
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what goes through foramen ovale..
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V3
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what gets hurt with loud music?
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organ of corti
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what is virchows triad:
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stasis
hypercoagulable state endothelial injury |
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vertical diplopia [double vision when walking down stairs]
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trochlear nerve palsy
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what do you see in McArdles"
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type 5 glycogen storage dz
breakdown of glycogen during exercise, muscle cramp, pain mygoblinuria [exercise intol] |
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why doesnt muscle function to maintain glucose levels?
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it lacks glucose-6-phosphatase to convert Glucose-6-phosphatase to glucose
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what enzyme is missing in McArdles?
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myophosphorylase
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immunodef
albinism neuro defects |
chediak-higashi
what type of neuro defect? |
horizontal nystagmus
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what is the deficiency of Chediak-Higashi?
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you cant fuse your phagolysosome with your lysosome in neutrophils so you get giant lysomal inclusions
you get.. |
staph and strep infections
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oculocutaneous albinism think:
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chediak-higashi
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TG and FFA increase insulin resistance in...
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overweight individuals
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alkaline phosphatase reflects what in bone?
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osteoblast activity
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TARP, urinary hydroxyproline and urinary deoxypryidinoline reflect..
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osteoclastic activey
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how can you differentiate bone AP from liver AP?
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heat denaturation
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what do clara cells do?
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detox of inhaled toxins by cytochrom -450
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cutaneous horns=
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hyperkeratosis of actin keratosis
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erythematous papules with central scale and sandpaper texture
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actinic keratosis
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where does psoriasis prefer?
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extensors, elbows and knees
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scaly plaque with central clearing and collarette of scale on the trunk, neck or extrem
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pityriasis rosea
what is the nickname? |
christmas tree patterin along skin tension lines
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hydrocele is most like what other testicular issue?
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indirect inguinal hernia
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DIC:
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bleed, coag cascade activ
PT and PTT prolonged low fibringon |
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TTP/HUS:
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do not bleed
only platelts activated normal PT and PTT normal fibrinogen |
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ITP:
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thrombocytopenia is the only elevation, PT and PTT normal
fever |
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Signs of FA?
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cerebellar ataxia
loss of position loss of vibration sens kyphoscoliosis hypertrophic cardiomyopathy damage to: |
degneration of spinocerebellar tracts
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blanching of a vein with injection
induration pallor |
NE extravasation
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what happens in rickets?
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increase in unmineralized osteoid matrix and widened osteoid seams, matrix accum around trabeculae
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what happens in osteoporosis?
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trabecular thining with fewer interconnections
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what stains with the PAS in whipple?
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glycoprotein of the actinomycete t. whippelli
color? |
magenta
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difference between heparin and warfarin in terms of philicity...
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heparin=water soluble [doesnt cross placenta]
warfarin=lipophilic [does cross placenta] |
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neuaminidase [NA] and hemagglutinin are virulence factors for
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influenza
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what do you need myophosphorylase for?
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glycogenolysis
deficiency seen in: |
mccurdles a glycogen storage dz
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metabolic acidosis causes what electrolyte imbalance?
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hyperkal
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hyperkal on ECG?
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peaked t's
no p's long PR wide QRS slow rate |
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hypokal on ECG
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u-waves and ST depression
if severe leads to |
torsades de pointes
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hypercalcemia on ECG
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t-wave flattening
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parinaud syndrome caused by:
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pineal gland tumor, damage to EW nuclues so u lose parasymp
leads to: |
upward gaze palsy
absent pupillar light reflex failure to converg wide-based gait |
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what do the TATA and the CAAT boxes serve as?
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transcription initiators
via? |
serving as binding sites for RNA polymerase II
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how does diptheria work?
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inhibits eukaryotic proteins synthesis by interfereing with the ribosome
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where does HSV like to go in the brain?
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temporal lobe/amygdala
what can it cause? |
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
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disorders of the basal ganglia:
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Parkinsons
Huntingtons Tardive Dyskinesia Wilson Dz |
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two physiologic causes of hypervent:
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increased tidal volume
inc resp rate |
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cause of tardive dyskinesia:
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upreg of DA
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what happends during depolarization?
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sodium influxes into the cardiac myocytes
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cant blow out a match means:
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low FEV1/FVC
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you get barrel chest because?
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you have an increased TLC
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nerve that controls making a fist:
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ulnar
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painful pharyngeal muscular spasms/contractures..
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rabies
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eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions...
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negri bodies
found where? |
hippocampus
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poor growth and fatigue from feeding suggest:
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VSD
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what type of shunt is a patent ductus arteriosus?
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L-R
from aorta to pulm artery |
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sexual dysfunction usually due to?
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T deficiency
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multinucleate trophozoites with phagocytosed RBC in the cytoplasm?
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E. hitolytica
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lordosis due to:
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anterior pelvic tilt due to excessive contracture of the hip flexors and weakness of the hip extensors
causes? |
obesity
pregnancy osteoporosis kyphosis achondroplasia |
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if patient has a tumor think what kidney finding?
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membranous glomerulonephritis
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increased lipoprotein lipase activity does what?
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insulin resistance
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where is ApoB-100 made>
where is ApoB-48 made? |
liver
s. intestine |
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what drugs are good for insomnia?
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short-acting benzos
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decreased outward potassium leads to?
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prolonged QT intervals
leads to? |
t de pointes
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when do you see elevated haptoglobin?
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with hemolysis
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parietal cell loss leads to/
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hypochloryhydria
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why would methylmalonic aicd and homocysteine be elevated?
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in b12 def
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causes of decreased compliance?
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pulm fibrosis
insuff sufractant pulmonary edema |
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bcl-2 is a?
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apoptosis inhibitor
seen in? |
follicular lymphoma [14:18]
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bcr-abl does what?
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apopotosis inhibitor plus increased tyrosine kinase activity
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cyclin d1 does what?
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promotes transition from G1 to S
seen in |
mantle cell lymphoma
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trandelenberg:
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hip dips to unaffected side while standing on affected side
due to: |
weakness of glutues musc
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what innervates the gluteus maximus:
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inferior gluteal nerve
what cant u do if you injure this nerve? |
difficulty rising from seated position or stairs
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how to patients with ischemic tubular necrosis present:
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oliguria
muddy-brown casts |
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patients pre-disposed to papillary necrosis?
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sickle cell dz/trait
DM acute pyelonephritis sx? |
colicky flank pain
gross hematuria passage of tissue fragments |
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edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of the temporal lobe think...
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HSV
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what is elevated in dermatomyositis?
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CK levels
anti-jo |
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metatarsal stress fracture
dorsal hand calluses |
anorexia
bulimia |
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which metab disturbance does bulimia have?
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alkalosis
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contemplation stage:
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knows there is a problem but not ready to change
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signs of alcohol abuse:
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elevated GGT
AST>ALT |
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CNS depression
resp depression NV constip pupillary constriction pinpoint pupils seizures |
opiods intoxication
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sweating
dilated pupils piloerection fever stomach cramps diarrhea |
opiod withdrawl
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whats going on in ADHD?
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decreased NE and DA
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what are sx of reye's syndome?
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hepatic failure
encephalopathy microvesic steatosis cerebral edema hyperammonia |
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what does a decreased P50 mean?
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increased hb affinity for oxygen
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what heart condition is F. Ataxia associated with?
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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people with Li-Fraumeni are at risk of?
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breast CA and soft tissue sarcome
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where is pulmonary vascul resitance lowest?
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at FRC
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what happens in HIT?
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paradoxical thrombosis rather than bleeding
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what does botulism do?
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prevents ACh release at all cholinergic receptors
|
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what type of receptors are nicotinc ACh recetpors?
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Na/K ligand-gated
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what type of receptors are muscarinc ACh receptors?
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G protein-coupled receptors
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bcl-2 overexression in what type of CA?
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follicular lymphoma
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lymphocytes with cleaved cells without nucleoli:
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follicular lymphoma
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what does bcl-2 do?
|
inhibits tumor cell apoptosis
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signs of estrogen excess in cirrhotic patients:
|
spider angiomas
palmar erythema gynecomastia testicular atrophy decreased body hair |
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where is the inflammation in UC contained to?
|
mucosa
|
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too tight shoes/leg cast do what to which nerve?
|
common peroneal nerve
causes: |
numbness of the anterolateral leg and dorsalf oot
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loud noises damage what part of the ear?
|
stereociliated hair cells of the organ or corti
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multiple myeloma is associated with?
|
amyloidosis
|
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K-1 capsular antigen seen in:
|
e.coli that causes neonatl meningitis
|
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O antigen:
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cell wall outer membrane PS antigen that defines GMN
|
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why do you get recurrent n.men infections?
|
complement deficiencies
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what do you usually see attacked during GVHD?
|
skin
liver intestine |
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