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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 parts to the principle of extinction?
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a) if an individual emits a previously ref'd res. in a situation, and that res. is not followed by a ref'r then
b) the person is less likely to do that same thing again when encountering a similar situation. |
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What are 8 Factors that influence the effectiveness of Extinction?
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1 - Controlling ReFrs for the Beh being decreased.
2 - Extinction of a Beh. combined with Pos.ReFt for an alternative Beh. 3- The setting in which extinction is carried out. 4- Instructions: Make use of Rules. 5 - Extinction may be quicker after continuous ReFt. 6- Beh. being extinguished may get worse before it gets better. 7- Extinction may produce aggression that interferes with the Program 8- Extinguished Beh. may reappear after a delay. |
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If you tell someone to stop eating candies and the person stops, is that an example of extinction? Explain why or why not, on the basis of the definition of extinction.
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Probably not because this is more the presentation of a Punisher (telling them to stop) rather than the removal of a ReFr.
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If a parent ignores the behavior of a child, is that an example of extinction? Explain why or why not, on the basis of the defintion of extinction.
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If the child's behaviour has been previously reinforced by the attention/response of the parent then yes it is extinction because the ignoring has removed the ReFr. If, however the parents attention is not the ReF of the Beh. then it is not extinction.
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Suppose that, immediately after an instance of swearing, parents remove a portion of the child's weekly allowance and the result is that swearing decreases. Is this an example of extinction? Explain why or hwy not on the basis of the definition of extinction.
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No. This is called Response-Cost Punishment - a Beh. being emitted with no ReFt hsa not occurred.
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Explain the difference, in terms of procedure and results, between extinction of a conditioned ReFr and extinction of a Pos. ReFd Beh.
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A CR extinction is when the CR is no longer paired with a UR, thus causing the CR to lose its ability to ReF.
Extinction of a postively ReFd Beh. is when the Beh. occurs without the ReFt, thus decreasing that Beh. |
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Why would a mother's ignoring a child's excessive cookie eating Beh. likely fail to extinguish the cookie eating?
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Because the cookie eating was not ReFd by the mothers attention, it was ReFd by the physiological pleasure (possibly). Thus, extinction was not taking place because the ReFr for that specific Beh. had not been removed.
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What are some factors that have to be taken into consideration when choosing the setting for extinction procedures?
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- Other people could inadvertently sabotage the extinction procedures by providing alternative ReFt. May want to control for this in the setting.
- Settings that decrease the likelihood of the modifier to continue with the procedure (e.g in public places where it becomes difficult to ignore bad Beh. because of social pressure) are not very conducive to the procedure. |
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If a Beh. that was maintained by Pos.ReFt is not ReFd at least once in a while, what will happen to it?
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It will be Extinguished.
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What is an extinction burst? Describe an example.
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Things may get worse before they get better - there is often and initial increase in undesired Beh. when initiating Extinction.
E.g. When ignoring a child's whining for lollies, the whining may get louder and more persistent/agressive before it decreases. |
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What is spontaneous recovery? Describe an example.
What is a suggestion if this happens. |
When a previously extinguished Beh. reappears following a rest.
E.g. Whining Beh. that was extinguished Monday morning, and disappeared for the rest of Monday, appears again on Tuesday morning. Continue with Extinction if this occurs. |
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If you were recording observations of an undesirable beh. prior to introducing an extinction program, what 5 things would you be looking for?
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1 - What is currently ReFg the Beh.
2- Some desirable alternative Beh. that can be engaged in. 3- Effective ReFrs of alternative Beh. 4- Effective setting for extinction. 5- People who come in contact with the individual to ensure their compliance with the extinction program. |
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What are 3 possible reasons for the failur of an extinction programe?
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1- Attention being withheld is not the maintaining ReFr.
2- There is intermittent ReFt of the Beh. from another source. 3- Desired alternative Beh. has not been strengthened sufficiently. |
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What is spontaneous recovery? Describe an example.
What is a suggestion if this happens. |
When a previously extinguished Beh. reappears following a rest.
E.g. Whining Beh. that was extinguished Monday morning, and disappeared for the rest of Monday, appears again on Tuesday morning. Continue with Extinction if this occurs. |
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What types of Beh/situations should extinction NOT be applied to? Give an example of each.
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Beh. that is harmful and where an extinction burst could cause harm.
Situations where there is danger of harm as a result of ReFt removal (e.g. attention). Beh - ignoring a child playing with the oven in the kitchen. Sit - Ignoring a child's inappropriate roadside behaviour. |
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If you were recording observations of an undesirable beh. prior to introducing an extinction program, what 5 things would you be looking for?
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1 - What is currently ReFg the Beh.
2- Some desirable alternative Beh. that can be engaged in. 3- Effective ReFrs of alternative Beh. 4- Effective setting for extinction. 5- People who come in contact with the individual to ensure their compliance with the extinction program. |
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Describe a pitfall of extinction?
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where a positive beh. is unknowingly extiinguished
E.g. Wife says I love you when you are studying - you don't respond - wife stops saying I love you while you're studying. Also. others may unwittingly jeopardize extinction, or create extinction of ReFd Beh. |
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What are 3 possible reasons for the failur of an extinction programe?
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1- Attention being withheld is not the maintaining ReFr.
2- There is intermittent ReFt of the Beh. from another source. 3- Desired alternative Beh. has not been strengthened sufficiently. |
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What types of Beh/situations should extinction NOT be applied to? Give an example of each.
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Beh. that is harmful and where an extinction burst could cause harm.
Situations where there is danger of harm as a result of ReFt removal (e.g. attention). Beh - ignoring a child playing with the oven in the kitchen. Sit - Ignoring a child's inappropriate roadside behaviour. |
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Describe a pitfall of extinction?
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where a positive beh. is unknowingly extiinguished
E.g. Wife says I love you when you are studying - you don't respond - wife stops saying I love you while you're studying. Also. others may unwittingly jeopardize extinction, or create extinction of ReFd Beh. |
