Extensor Forearm And Hand

Front 1

Associated with thumb (2)?
Associated with little finger?
With index finger?

Back 1

1 - thenar, pollicis
2 - digit minimae
3- indicis

Front 2

What is the name of the two forearm joints where pronation and supination occur at?

Back 2

Proximal radioulnar and distal radioulnar joints

Front 3

Which two muscles are responsible for supination of the forearm?

Back 3

Supinator and the biceps brachii

Front 4

What muscles are in the superficial group of the extensor forearm? (7), what do they originate on? What are they innervated by?

Back 4

1- Anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpal ulnaris
2- Lateral humeral epicondyle
3- Radial N C5-T1

Front 5

What muscles are in the deep group of the extensor forearm? (5)
What is innervation by?

Back 5

1- Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
Radial n. or posterior interosseous n.

Front 6

What are the 2 pronator muscles and the two supinator muscles in the forearm?

Back 6

Pronator teres & quadratus
Supinator & biceps brachii

Front 7

What attaches laterally & medially to the extensor retinaculum?

Back 7

Lateral - Radius
Medial - Ulna, triquetrum, pisiform

Front 8

What is in the 6 compartments of the Extensor retinaculum?
Lateral to Medial

Back 8

1 - Abductor pollicis longus & Extensor pollicis brevis 2 - Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus3- Extensor pollicis longus 4 - Extensor digitorum and extensor indicis 5 - Extensor digiti minimi 6 - Extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 9

What do the intertendinous connections join? And what does the connection do?

Back 9

Long extensor connections, spreads out forces

Front 10

What does the extensor hood do? What tendons are involved in it, and what muscles insert on the radial side of the digits

Back 10

It improves the mechanical efficiency of finger extension. Extensor digitoru, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, palmar and dorsal interossei, and lumbrical mm.
Lumbrical mm

Front 11

Basically what is the extensor expansion hood/

Back 11

Where the tendons split, the main tendon sends lateral slips to either side,that comes together to rejoin distally, central slip comes through the center

Front 12

What are the margins of the anatomical snuffbox? Contents?

Back 12

Anterior - abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior - Extensor pollicis longus
Contains the scaphoid bone, radial a. and the cephalic v.

Front 13

What nerve supplies all the muscles and cutaneous innervation of the posterior arm and forearm?

Back 13

Radial N

Front 14

Where does the radial N enter the forearm? and what does it supply before splitting?

Back 14

Enters the arm between the brachialis and brachioradialis. Supplies brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis ongus and anconeus

Front 15

What nerve runs with radial a? and what does it do?

Back 15

Superficial radial n. Provides cutaneous innervation to the skin of the posterior forearm and radial side of the hand

Front 16

What does the deep radial n?

Back 16

Passes through the supinator,supplies the extensor digitorum, extensor, digiti minimi, extensor carpal ulnaris

Front 17

When is the deep radial n renamed and to what? This part supplies what?

Back 17

After it exits the supinator. to the posterior interosseus n. Supplies the abductor pollicis longus & brevis, and extensor indicis

Front 18

What does the deep branch of the radial n supply? superficial?

Back 18

deep - muscles
superficial - cutaneous innervation

Front 19

What is the dermatome of the thumb? pointer and middle finger? Little finger and ring finger?

Back 19

1- C6
2 - C7
3 - C8

Front 20

What artery ascends above supinator m to anastomose with the radial collateral a?

Back 20

Radial recurrent a.

Front 21

What does the posterior interosseous artery anastomose with? joins with?

Back 21

Posterior branch of the anteriro interosseous a.
dorsal carpal arch

Front 22

What does the interosseous recurrent artery anastomose with?

Back 22

middle collateral a.

Front 23

Where does the anterior interosseous artery pierce the membrane? What does it anastomose with, andwhat does it join?

Back 23

Pronator quadratus
posterior interossus a.
Joins the dorsal carpal arch

Front 24

What forms the dorsal carpal arch? What does it give off, and what are the proximal and distal perforating branches to?

Back 24

branches of radial and ulnar aa, posterior branch of anterior interosseous a.
Gives off - dorsal metacarpal a, which bifurcate into dorsal digital branches
Perforations - proximal to the deep palmar arch, distal to the superficial palmar arch

Front 25

If the following nerves are entrapped what does it look like?
Radial? Ulnar? Median?

Back 25

Radial - wrist drop
Ulnar - claw hand deformity
Median - ape hand or papal sign depending on site of entrapment

Front 26

Where can the radial nerve become entrapped? What is the result? 2

Back 26

Spiral groove of humerus - loss of wrist and finger extension
Supinator muscle - weak wrist extension, loss of finger extension

Front 27

Where can the ulnar nerve be entrapped? What is the result? 3

Back 27

Cubital tunnel, flexor carpi ulnaris, guyton's canal
MCP hyperextension, IP flexion, hypothenar atrophy

Front 28

Where can the median nerve be entrapped? what is the result? 2

Back 28

Pronator teres muscles - loss of pronation and most digital flexors
Carpal tunnel - thenar atrophy

Front 29

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the brachioradialis?

Back 29

O: Lateral humerus
I: Distal Radius
A: flexes forearm
N: Radial N C5-T1

Front 30

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?

Back 30

O: Common extensor tendon
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
A:Extend and abduct the hand
N: Radial N

Front 31

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the extensor Carpi radialis brevis

Back 31

O: common extensor tendon
I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
A: Extend the hand
N: Radial N

Front 32

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the Extensor digitorum?

Back 32

O: common extensor tendon
I: Extensor expansion of digits 2-5
A: Extend fingers and hand
N: radial n.

Front 33

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the Extensor digiti minimi?

Back 33

O: Common extensor tendon
I: Extensor expansion of 5th digit
A: extends the 5th digit (pinky)
N: Radial n

Front 34

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

Back 34

O: common extensor tendon
I: base of the 5th metacarpal
A: Adducts and extends the hand
N: radial N

Front 35

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the supinator?

Back 35

O: Lateral epicondyle, supinator fossa, and the crest of the ulna
I: Proximal 1/3 of radius
A: supinate the forearm
N: radial n.

Front 36

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the Abductor pollicis longus

Back 36

O: Proximal radius and ulna
I: base of 1st metacarpal
A: abduct and extend thumb at the CMC join
N: Posterior interooseous n

Front 37

What is the only muscle of the deep group in extensor forearm that is not innervated by the posterior interosseous?

Back 37

Supinator

Front 38

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the Extensor pollicis brevis?

Back 38

O: radius
I: Base of proximal phalanx
A: Extend the thumb at the MCP joint
N: Posterior interosseous

Front 39

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the Extensor pollicis longus?

Back 39

O: ulna
I: base of distal phalanx
A: Extend thumb at IP joint (some at the MCP)
N: Posterior interosseous

Front 40

What is the origin, insertion, action, and nerve of the extensor indicis

Back 40

O: ulna
I: extensor expansion of index finger
A: extend index finger
N: posterior interosseous n.

Front 41

Which metacarpal, and 2 carpal bones should line up?

Back 41

3rd metacarpal, capitate, lunate

Front 42

Which finger cannot adduct?

Back 42

Middle finger... it abducts in 2 directions

Front 43

Which 2 fingers are capable of opposition?

Back 43

Pinky finger, and the thumb

Front 44

What muscles are in the thenar compartment 3, and what are they innervated by?

Back 44

Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
Recurrent branch of the median n.

Front 45

What 3 muscles are in the hypothenar compartment, and what are they innervated by?

Back 45

Abductor digiti minimi m, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minim
Ulnar n.

Front 46

What muscles and tendons are in the Central compartment of the hand?

Back 46

Lumbrical mm
Adductor pollicis
Interosseus
Tendons of flexor digitorum superfiicalis and profundus

Front 47

How many lumbrical muscles are there, and what is their innervation? Due to their innervation, what can they help you determine?

Back 47

4
2 (3,4) - ulnar n.
2 (1,2) - Radial n
Which nerve is damaged

Front 48

What is the adductor pollicis innervated by?

Back 48

ulnar n

Front 49

What are the two types of interosseus mm, how many are there? and what are they innervated by, what is their action
How can you test these muscles?

Back 49

Palmar interossei;3 adduct (PAD)
Dorsal interossei; 4 abduct (DAB)
Deep branch of ulnar n
See if you can pinch a paper between fingers

Front 50

What do vinucula do?

Back 50

connect superficial and profunda flexor tendons to each other, and provide nutrients to long tendons

Front 51

What is the extensor hood? what does it do for the small muscles of the hand? and what does it do for extensor tendons

Back 51

A tapelike broad expansion on the top of the finger.
Allows origin/insertion
Anchors them allowing them to extend

Front 52

What muscles does the median n innervate?

Back 52

1/2 Loaf
1,2 lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

Front 53

What is the cutaneous innervation by the median n?

Back 53

Radial half of the palm to the radial side of the 4th digit, including the nail beds on the dorsal side of the hand, skin over the thenar eminence

Front 54

What is the cutaneous innervation of the ulnar?

Back 54

all of 5th digit and medial half of the 4th, skin of the medial hand, dorsal and palmar aspects

Front 55

What muscles does the ulnar n innervate?

Back 55

Remaining muscles of the hand:
3,4 lumbricals
hypothenar mm (3)
Adductor pollicis
All interosseous mm
Palmaris brevis

Front 56

Dividing line between the ulnar and radial cutaneous innervation?

Back 56

index finger

Front 57

What is more proximal the superfical palmar arch of the deep palmar arch?

Back 57

Deep palmar arch

Front 58

Which artery is the major contributor to the superficial arch?
Deep arch?

Back 58

Super - Ulnar artery
Deep - Radial Artery

Front 59

What gives rise to the common and proper palmar digital aa?

Back 59

Superficial palmar arch

Front 60

What does the deep palmar arch give rise to? 3

Back 60

Palmar metacarpal arteries, princeps pollicis artery, radialis indicis artery

Front 61

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the hand?
Fractured carpal bone?

Back 61

5th metacarpal
scaphoid

Front 62

What does the synovial tendon sheath do? What can it be a route for?

Back 62

covers long tendons to decrease friction between other tendons and bones
route for spread of infection (tenosynovitis)

Front 63

What is Dupuytren's Contracture?

Back 63

Thickening of the deep fascia which passes from palm to the fingers. This tightens on flexor tendons which pulls fingers to the palm. progressive problem only treatment is surgery

Front 64

What is Guyon's canal syndrome?

Back 64

Entrapment of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal (formed by ligament spanning the pisiform and hamate). tingling and pain in 5th and medial 4th digit, hypothenar issues

Front 65

What are symptoms of median n. damage?

Back 65

Flattening of thenar eminence, loss of opposition to thumb, papal sign when trying to make a fist.
Anesthesia over lateral surface of palm and first 3.5 digits

Front 66

An ok sign requires which nerve to be intact?
A spock vulcan sign requires which nerve to be intact?

Back 66

Median
Ulnar

Front 67

Where are the following nerves entrapped?
Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar

Back 67

Musculo - coracobrachialis
median - pronator teres, carpal tunnel
Ulnar - flexor carpi ulnaris, guyon's canal

Front 68

What is the action and nerve of abductor pollicis brevis?

Back 68

A: abducts 1st digit, assists in flexion of proximal of proximal phalanx
N: Median Nerve (recurrent branch)

Front 69

What is the action and nerve of Flexor pollicis brevis?

Back 69

A: flexes 1st digit, assists in opposition
N: Median Nerve (recurrent)

Front 70

What is the action and nerve of Opponens pollicis?

Back 70

A: draws first metacarpal towards center of palm
N: Median nerve - recurrent

Front 71

What is the action and nerve of the abductor digiti minimi?

Back 71

A: abducts the 5th digit
N: Deep branch of ulnar n

Front 72

What is the action and nerve of the flexor digiti minimi?

Back 72

A: flexes proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
N: Deep branch of ulnar n

Front 73

What is the action and nerve of opponens digiti minimi?

Back 73

A:Draws 5th metacarpal forward in cupping hand
N: deep branch of ulnar n

Front 74

What is the action and nerve of Palmaris brevis?

Back 74

A: Wrinkles kin of palm
N: Ulnar n

Front 75

What is the origin Insertion, action, nerve of lumbrical mm?

Back 75

O: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, 1,2; lateral side...3,4: bipennate, from both sides
I: Extensor expansion distal to MCP joint on radial side of 2-5 digits
A: Flex MCP joints, extends IP joints
N: Lateral: medial n... medially: ulnar n

Front 76

What is the origin Insertion, action, nerve of the adductor pollicis?

Back 76

O: Oblique head; capitate and bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
N: Ulnar nerve

Front 77

What is the origin Insertion, action, nerve of palmar interosseus

Back 77

O: medial side of 2nd metacarpal, lateral sides of 4th and 5th metacarpals
I: base of proximal phalanx in line with origin
A: Adduct 2nd 4th, 5th digits
N: deep ulnar branch

Front 78

What is the origin Insertion, action, nerve of the dorsal interosseus?

Back 78

O: Two heads from adjacent sides of 1st-5th metacarpals
I: Extensor expansion and base of proximal phalanges
A: abduct 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits
N: deep ulnar

Front 79

What do the interosseus muscles aid in? which muscle do they help?

Back 79

Extension of IP joint and flexion of MCP joint
Lumbricals