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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amino Acid
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The basic unit from which protiens are made. there are 20 different amino acids
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Artemisinin
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A substance extracted from the leaves of the shrub Artemisia Annuna.
It is widely used in China and south Asian as a treatment for Malaria. |
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Bacteria
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Microbes that lack a distinct nucleus and many of the other structures are found in plant and animal cells
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Biotechnology
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the process where we use plant cells, animal cells and microbes to produce useful substances.
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Cholesterol
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An oily lipid which is an important component in cell membranes. a person with higher levels of cholesterol are more prone to heart disease than people with lower levels
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Chymosin
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One of two protein digesting enzymes which form rennet when added to milk, chymosin causes the formation of solid curds
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Ester
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Carbon compound made of an organic acid with an alcohol
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Fermentation
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when microbes convert / break down molecules (carbohydrate) such as sugar into an acid or an alcohol.
MOST REACTIONS ARE WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN |
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Genome
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the sequence and bases of all genetic material of an organism
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Genomics
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the science of working out the order of the bases (genome)
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Invertase
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An enzyme ( also called sucrase) which catalyses conversion of the sugar sucrose into glucose and fructose
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Oligosaccharide
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a carbohydrate molecule formed from 3 -10 sugar units joined together
ie. ADDED SUGAR |
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Prebiotic
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Food which encourages the growth of bacteria ( because of the oligosaccharide - ie. ADDED SUGAR)
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Probiotic
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Food which contains the microbes already, such as the traditional yoghurt
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Vector
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A carrier of genes from the cells od one species to the cells od another species
Eg, a plasmid with a restiction enzyme a female mosquito which carries malaria |
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pasteurisation
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the process of heating food to reduce the numbers of harmfull bacteria
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Taxol
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an anti cancer drug which is extracted from the bark of a pacific yew tree (slow growth)
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Yeast
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a single cell fungus known as :
saccharomyces cervisiae |
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SCP
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Single-cell protein
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Hybrid
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the cross of 2 organisms with the same number of chromosomes
ie. Mongrel Dogs |
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What are Pharmocogenomics?
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it is the combiantion of geneomics and pharmacology. it is the study of personalized medicine
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What is Bioinformatics?
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they help make a molecular atlas of the cell.
This shows where the proteins for our genes are usually found |
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Gene
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a section of DNA which controls the synthesis of a protein or part of a protein.
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Salicin
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a substance originally extracted from the bark of willow trees.
It relieves pain and reduces the fever. It is the basis of asprin |
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Adverse Drug reaction
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When one takes a drug and is badly affected by it.
ie. penicillin |
