Exss 175 Muscles 1-35

Front 1

Origin of scalenus medius

Back 1

transverse processes of lower 6 cervical vertebrae (C2-C7)

Front 2

Insertion of scalenus medius

Back 2

upper surface of first rib

Front 3

Action of scalenus medius

Back 3

raises first rib (respiratory inspiration); acting together, they flex the neck; acting on one side, they laterally flex and rotate the neck

Front 4

Innervation of scalenus medius

Back 4

ventral rami of cervical nerves

Front 5

Origin of scalenus anterior

Back 5

transverse processes of 3rd through 6th cervical vertebrae

Front 6

Insertion of scalenus anterior

Back 6

inner border of 1st rib (scalene tubercle)

Front 7

Action of scalenus anterior

Back 7

raises first rib (respiratory inspiration); acting together, they flex neck; acting on one side, they laterally flex and rotate neck

Front 8

Innervation of scalenus anterior

Back 8

ventral rami of cervical nerves

Front 9

Origin of scalenus posterior

Back 9

transverse processes of lower 2 or 3 cervical vertebrae (C5-C7)

Front 10

Insertion of scalenus posterior

Back 10

outer surface of 2nd rib

Front 11

Action of scalenus posterior

Back 11

raises second rib (respiratory inspiration); acting together, they flex the neck; acting on one side, they laterally flex and rotate neck

Front 12

Innervation of scalenus posterior

Back 12

Ventral rami of lower cervical nerves

Front 13

Origin of sternocleidomastoid

Back 13

sternal head: manubrium of sternum

clavicular head: medial part of clavicle

Front 14

Insertion of sternocleidomastoid

Back 14

mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Front 15

Action of sternocleidomastoid

Back 15

one side: bends neck laterally, rotates head to opposite side

both sides together: flexes neck, draws head ventrally and elevates chin, draws sternum superiorly in deep inspiration

Front 16

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

Back 16

spinal part of accessory nerve (C2, C3)

Front 17

Origin of platysma

Back 17

subcutaneous fascia of upper 1/4 of chest just below the clavicle

Front 18

Insertion of platysma

Back 18

subcutaneous fascia and muscles of chin and jaw, mandible

Front 19

Action of platysma

Back 19

depresses and draws lower lip laterally, draws up skin of chest, depresses mandible

Front 20

Innervation of platysma

Back 20

cervical branch of facial nerve

Front 21

the erector spinae is a complex of what three sets of muscles?

Back 21

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalas

Front 22

Action of iliocostalis cervicis (of erector spinae)

Back 22

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 23

Action of iliocostalis thoracis (of erector spinae)

Back 23

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotates ribs for forceful inspiration

Front 24

Action of iliocostalis lumborum (of erector spinae)

Back 24

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotates ribs for forceful inspiration

Front 25

Action of longissimus capitis (of erector spinae)

Back 25

extends and rotates head

Front 26

Action of longissimus cervicis (of erector spinae)

Back 26

extensions, lateral flexion of vertebral column

Front 27

Action of longissimus thoracis (of erector spinae)

Back 27

extension, lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotates ribs for forceful inspiration

Front 28

Action of spinalis cervicis

Back 28

extends vertebral column

Front 29

Action of spinalis thoracis

Back 29

extends vertebral column

Front 30

What three groups of small muscles make up the transversospinalis?

Back 30

semispinalis, multifidis, and rotatores

Front 31

Action of Semispinalis capitis (of transversospinalis)

Back 31

extends and rotates head

Front 32

Action of semispinalis cervicis (of transversospinalis)

Back 32

extends and rotates vertebral column

Front 33

Action of semispinalis thoracis

Back 33

extends and rotates vertebral column

Front 34

Action of multifidis of trunk (of transversospinalis)

Back 34

extend and rotate vertebral column

Front 35

Action of rotatores of trunk (of transversospinalis)

Back 35

extend and rotate vertebral column

Front 36

Origin of Intercostales externi (external inercostal)

Back 36

lower margin of upper 11 ribs

Front 37

Insertion of intercostales externi (external intercostal)

Back 37

superior border of rib below (each muscle fiber runs obliquely and inserts toward the costal cartilage)

Front 38

Action of intercostales externi (external intercostal)

Back 38

draw ventral part of ribs upward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity for inspiration

Front 39

Innervation of intercostales externi (external intercostal)

Back 39

intercostal nerves

Front 40

Origin of intercostales interni (internal intercostal)

Back 40

from the cartilages to the angles of the upper 11 ribs

Front 41

Insertion of intercostales interni (internal intercostal)

Back 41

superior border of the rib below (each muscle fiber runs obliquely and inserts away from the costal cartilage)

Front 42

Action of intercostales interni (internal intercostal)

Back 42

draw ventral part of ribs downward, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity for expiration

Front 43

Innervation of the intercostales interni (internal intercostal)

Back 43

intercostal nerves

Front 44

Origin of obliquus externus abdominis (external oblique)

Back 44

lower eight ribs

Front 45

Insertion of obliquus externus abdominis (external oblique

Back 45

anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 46

Action of obliquus externus abdominis (external oblique)

Back 46

compresses abdominal contents, laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column

Front 47

Innervation of obliquus externus abdominis (external oblique)

Back 47

8th to 12th intercostal, iliohypogastic, ilioinguinal nerves

Front 48

Relationships of obliquus externus abdominis

Back 48

most superficial of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles

Front 49

Origin of obliques internus abdominis (internal obliques)

Back 49

lateral half of inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

Front 50

Insertion of obliquus internus abdominis (internal oblique)

Back 50

cartilage of bottom 3 or 4 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 51

Action of obliquus internus abdominis (internal oblique)

Back 51

compresses abdominal contents, laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column. important in forced expiration, coughing, sneezing

Front 52

Innervation of obliquus internus abdominis (internal oblique)

Back 52

8th to 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves

Front 53

Relationships of obliquus internus abdominis (internal oblique)

Back 53

middle layer of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles

Front 54

Origin of transversus abdominis

Back 54

lateral part of inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower 6 ribs

Front 55

Insertion of transversus abdominis

Back 55

abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Front 56

Action of transversus abdominis

Back 56

compresses abdomen. important in forced exhalation, coughing, sneezing

Front 57

Innervation of transversus abdominis

Back 57

7th to 12th intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves

Front 58

Relationships of transversus abdominis

Back 58

deepest of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles

Front 59

Origin of rectus abdominis

Back 59

crest of pubis, pubic symphysis

Front 60

Insertion of rectus abdominis

Back 60

cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs, xiphoid process

Front 61

Action of rectus abdominis

Back 61

flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Front 62

Innervation of rectus abdominis

Back 62

7th through 12th intercostal nerves

Front 63

linea alba

Back 63

made up of aponeurotic fibers from the lateral abdominal muscles that each rectus is sheathed by. the central meeting of these fibers forms the linea alba

Front 64

Origin of quadratus lumborum

Back 64

iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest

Front 65

Insertion of quadratus lumborum

Back 65

12th rib, transverse processes of upper four lumbar vertebrae

Front 66

Action of quadratus lumborum

Back 66

laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes ribs for forced expiration

Front 67

Innervation of quadratus lumborum

Back 67

T12, L1

Front 68

Origin of diaphragm

Back 68

sternal part: inner part of xihpoid process

costal part: inner surfaces of lower 6 ribs and their cartilages

lumbar part: upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae and lateral and medial lumbocostal arches

Front 69

Insertion of diaphragm

Back 69

fibers converge and meet on a central tendon. this muscle inserts upon itself.

Front 70

Action of diaphragm

Back 70

draws central tendon inferiorly, for inspiration. its action is to change the volume of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Front 71

Innervation of diaphragm

Back 71

phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

Front 72

what is different about the diaphragm from all other skeletal muscles we've studied?

Back 72

diaphragm is involuntary

Front 73

Origin of trapezius

Back 73

medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae

Front 74

Insertion of trapezius

Back 74

upper part: lateral 3rd of clavicle

middle part: acromion and crest of spine of scapula

lower part: medial portion of crest of spine of scapula (tubercle)

Front 75

Action of trapezius

Back 75

upper part elevates scapula, middle part retracts (adducts) scapula, lower part depresses scapula, upper and lower parts together rotate scapula (important in elevating arm)

Front 76

Innervation of trapezius

Back 76

accessory (11th cranial), C3, C4

Front 77

Relationships of trapezius

Back 77

most superficial muscle of back

Front 78

Origin of latissimus dorsi

Back 78

spinous processes of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, supraspinal ligament, and posterior part of the iliac crest through the lumbar (thoracolumar) fascia, lower 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of the scapula

Front 79

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

Back 79

floor (bottom) of the bicipital groove of humerus

Front 80

Action of latissimus dorsi

Back 80

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm, draws the shoulder downward and backward, keeps inferior angle of scapula against the chest wall, accessory muscle of respiration

Front 81

Innervation of latissimus dorsi

Back 81

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

Front 82

Origin of rhomboideus major

Back 82

spines of the 2nd to 5th thoracic vertebrae (T2-T5), supraspinous ligament

Front 83

Insertion of rhomboideus major

Back 83

medial border of the scapula below the spine

Front 84

Action of rhomboideus major

Back 84

retracts and fixes scapula, elevates the medial border of the scapula, rotates the scapula to depress the lateral angle (assists in adduction of the arm)

Front 85

Innervation of the rhomboideus major

Back 85

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Front 86

Origin of levator scapulae

Back 86

posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the first 4 cervical vertebrae

Front 87

Insertion of levator scapulae

Back 87

vertebral (medial) border of the scapula at and above the spine

Front 88

Action of levator scapulae

Back 88

elevates medial border of scapula, rotates scapula to lower the lateral angle, acts with trapezius and rhomboids to pull scapula medially and upward, bends neck laterally

Front 89

Innervation of levator scapulae

Back 89

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Front 90

Origin of pectoralis major

Back 90

clavicular part: medial half of the clavicle

sternocostal part: sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

Front 91

Insertion of pectoralis major

Back 91

lateral lip of intertubercluar (bicipital) groove of humerus, crest below greater tubercle of humerus

Front 92

Action of pectoralis major

Back 92

horizontal adduction--both parts adduct, medially rotate arm clavicular part flexes arm from full extension; sternocostal part extends the flexed arm

Front 93

Innervation of pectoralis major

Back 93

medial and lateral pectoral nerves (C5-C8, T1)

Front 94

Origin of pectoralis minor

Back 94

external surfaces of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs

Front 95

Insertion of pectoralis minor

Back 95

coracoid process of the scapula

Front 96

Action of pectoralis minor

Back 96

draws scapula forward and downward, raises ribs in forced inspiration

Front 97

Innervation of pectoralis minor

Back 97

medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

Front 98

Relationships of pectoralis minor

Back 98

deep to pectoralis major

Front 99

what are the 3 downward rotators of the scapula?

Back 99

rhomboids major, rhomboids minor, and pectoralis minor

Front 100

Origin of serratus anterior

Back 100

outer surfaces and superior borders of the first 8 or 9 ribs, and fascia covering the first intercostal spine

Front 101

Insertion of serratus anterior

Back 101

anterior surface (costal surface) of the medial border of the scapula

Front 102

Action of serratus anterior

Back 102

rotates scapula for abduction and flexion of arm, protracts scapula

Front 103

Innervation of serratus anterior

Back 103

long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

Front 104

Relationships of serratus anterior

Back 104

serratus anterior and rhomboids both insert on the medial border of scapula; they are antagonists causing protraction and retraction

Front 105

Origin of deltoideus

Back 105

anterior portion: anterior border and superior surface of the lateral 3rd of the clavicle

middle portion: lateral border of the acromion process

Posterior portion: lower border of the crest of the spine of the scapula

Front 106

Insertion of deltoideus

Back 106

deltoid tuberosity, on the middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of the humerus

Front 107

Action of deltoideus

Back 107

anterior portion: flexes and medially rotates arm

middle portion: abducts arm

posterior portion: extends and laterally rotates arm

Front 108

Innervation of deltoideus

Back 108

axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Front 109

all three portions of the deltoideus work together to do what action?

Back 109

shoulder abduction

Front 110

Origin of subscapularis

Back 110

subscapular fossa on the anterior surface of scapula

Front 111

Insertion of subscapularis

Back 111

lesser tuberosity of the humerus, ventral part of the capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 112

Action of subscapularis

Back 112

medially rotates arms, stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Front 113

Innervation of subscapularis

Back 113

upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6)

Front 114

what are the 4 rotator cuff muslces?

Back 114

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Front 115

Origin of supraspinatus

Back 115

supraspinous fossa of scapula

Front 116

Insertion of supraspinatus

Back 116

upper part of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 117

Action of supraspinatus

Back 117

aids deltoid in abduction of arm, draws humerus toward glenoid fossa preventing deltoid from forcing humerus up against acromion, weakly flexes arm

Front 118

Innervation of supraspinatus

Back 118

suprascapular nerve (C5)

Front 119

Origin of infraspinatus

Back 119

infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Front 120

Insertion of infraspinatus

Back 120

middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, capsule of the shoulder joint

Front 121

Action of infraspinatus

Back 121

draws humerus toward glenoid fossa thus resisting posterior dislocation of arm, as in crawling; laterally rotates, abducts arm

Front 122

Innervation of infrapinatus

Back 122

suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Front 123

Origin of teres minor

Back 123

upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the axillary border (lateral border) of the scapula

Front 124

Insertion of teres minor

Back 124

the capsule of the shoulder joint, the lower facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus

Front 125

Action of teres minor

Back 125

laterally rotates arm, weakly adducts arm, draws humerus toward glenoid fossa

Front 126

Innervation of teres minor

Back 126

axillary nerve (C5)

Front 127

what two muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

Back 127

teres minor and deltoideus

Front 128

Origin of teres major

Back 128

lower 3rd of the posterior surface of the lateral border of the scapula near the inferior angle

Front 129

Insertion of teres major

Back 129

medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Front 130

Action of teres major

Back 130

medially rotates arm, adducts arm, extends arm

Front 131

Innervation of teres major

Back 131

lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

Front 132

Origin of cracobrachialis

Back 132

tip (apex) of the coracoid process of the scapula

Front 133

Insertion of coracobrachilais

Back 133

middle 3rd of the medial surface and border of the humerus

Front 134

Action of coracobrachialis

Back 134

weakly adducts arm (flexion unsustantiated), aids in stabilizing humerus

Front 135

Innervation of coracobrachialis

Back 135

musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)

Front 136

Relationships of coracobrachialis

Back 136

deep to short head of biceps

Front 137

Origin of biceps brachii

Back 137

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head: coracoid process of scapula

Front 138

Insertion of biceps brachii

Back 138

tuberosity of radius, bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm

Front 139

Action of biceps brachii

Back 139

supinates forearm, flexes forearm, weakly flexes arm at shoulder

Front 140

Innervation of biceps brachii

Back 140

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Front 141

Relationships of biceps brachii

Back 141

long head passes through intertubercular (bicipital) groove, then inside glenohumeral joint capsule

Front 142

in supinated position, which muscle is the primary elbow flexor?

Back 142

biceps brachii

Front 143

Origin of brachialis

Back 143

anterior of lower half of humerus

Front 144

Insertion of brachialis

Back 144

coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna

Front 145

Action of brachialis

Back 145

flexes forearm

Front 146

Innervation of brachialis

Back 146

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Front 147

Relationships of brachialis

Back 147

deep to biceps brachii

Front 148

what rotates, the radius or the ulna?

Back 148

the radius

Front 149

why is it harder to do pullups with hands in a pronated position?

Back 149

because biceps brachii are relaxed, loose, and unable to generate a force. when your hands are in a supinated position, both the biceps brachii and brachialias muscles are triggered

Front 150

Origin of triceps brachii

Back 150

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

lateral head: upper half of the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus

medial head: posterior surface of the lower half of the shaft of the humerus

Front 151

Insertion of triceps brachii

Back 151

posterior part of olecranon process of the ulna

Front 152

Action of triceps brachii

Back 152

extends forearm, long head aids in adduction if arm is abducted

Front 153

Innervation of triceps brachii

Back 153

radial nerve (C7, C8)