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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define development |
A continuous process of change in functional capacity |
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Motor development |
The development of motor abilities such as walking, jumping, etc. |
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Maturational Perspective |
1930-1950s nature vs. nurture. Genetics driver of development particularly in neural system |
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Normative Descriptive |
1950s Focus on describing normative performance |
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Bio mechanical descriptive |
1950s Describing sequential changes in motor development |
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Information Processing Perspective |
1960s-1980s Computational approach- input, processing, output, cns |
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Ecological Perspective |
1980s- Driven by development in multiple systems
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Ecological Perspective |
1980s- Driven by development in multiple systems
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Dynamical systems approach |
Branch of ecological perspectives, organisation of physical and chemical systems constrain behaviour |
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Ecological Perspective |
1980s- Driven by development in multiple systems
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Dynamical systems approach |
Branch of ecological perspectives, organisation of physical and chemical systems constrain behaviour |
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Dynamical systems approach |
Rate limiters - behavioural changes related to changes in rate limiters |
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Ecological Perspective |
1980s- Driven by development in multiple systems
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Dynamical systems approach |
Branch of ecological perspectives, organisation of physical and chemical systems constrain behaviour |
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Dynamical systems approach |
Rate limiters - behavioural changes related to changes in rate limiters |
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Perception action approach |
Environment provides affordances which chance as individuals change |
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Spontaneous movemenr |
Infant movement with no apparent stimulation |
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Reflexes |
Stereotyped motor activity triggered by a stimulus |
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Three categories of infantile reflexes |
Primitive, locomotor, postural |
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Primitive reflexes |
Disappear by 4 months, mediated by lower brain centres |
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Three types of primitive reflexes |
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, rooting reflex, babinski reflex |
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Three types of primitive reflexes |
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, rooting reflex, babinski reflex |
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Postural reflex and two examples |
Uncommon after 2yrs, help maintain posture, labyrinthine righting, parachute reflex |
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Three types of primitive reflexes |
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex, rooting reflex, babinski reflex |
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Postural reflex and two examples |
Uncommon after 2yrs, help maintain posture, labyrinthine righting, parachute reflex |
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Locomotor reflex and two examples |
Action of getting from one place to another, crawling, stepping, swimming |
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Crawling progression |
Crawling -chest on floor. Low creeping - legs symmetrical. Rocking - high creep position. Creeping - arms and legs alternately |
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Early walking |
Arms in high guard, feet out-toed and spread wide, independent steps |
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Proficient walking |
Stride length increases, base of support reduced, pelvis rotates, opposing arms and legs |
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Proficient walking |
Stride length increases, base of support reduced, pelvis rotates, opposing arms and legs |
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Late walking |
Out-toeing increases. Stride length, pelvic rotation and speed decrease |
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What are the three components of social role? |
Socialising agents, social situations and personal attributes |
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What are the two components that affect self-esteem |
Social interactions and emotions |
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What age do children compare themselves to others? |
5 |
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What age do children compare themselves to others? |
5 |
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What age do parental appraisals stop being most influential and peer appraisal becomes most important? |
10 |
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People with high self esteem think factors that determine success or failure are? |
Internal, stable and controllable |
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People with high self esteem think factors that determine success or failure are? |
Internal, stable and controllable |
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People with low self esteem think that factors that determine success and failure are? |
External, unstable and uncontrollable |
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Adults attain self esteem information from? |
Actual experiences, observing peers, verbal persuasion and physiological status |
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What are the three types of knowledge? |
Declarative, procedural and strategic |
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Sensation |
Neural activity triggered by a stimulus that activates and sensory receptor (electrical stimulation in nervous system to brain from touch senses and vision) |
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Sensation |
Neural activity triggered by a stimulus that activates and sensory receptor (electrical stimulation in nervous system to brain from touch senses and vision) |
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Perception |
Interpretation of sensation. |
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What happens if we lose a sense? |
Other senses compensate |
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What is the visual acuity of a 1 month old and when do people reach 20:20 visual acuity |
A 1 month old has the acuity 20:400, 20:20 is reached by age 10 |
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Warning signs of visual development in children |
Squinting, lack of coordination and unusual head movements |
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What are the 3 cues for depth perception? |
Retinal disparity, motion parallax and physical equality |
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What are the 3 cues for depth perception? |
Retinal disparity, motion parallax and physical equality |
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What is retinal disparity? |
Each eye sees differently, however perception works to make both eyes see everything as one |
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What are the 3 cues for depth perception? |
Retinal disparity, motion parallax and physical equality |
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What is retinal disparity? |
Each eye sees differently, however perception works to make both eyes see everything as one |
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What is motion parallax? |
Things that are closer move faster than things that are further away |
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What is physical equality? |
We know that the road has the same width, however the road that is closer looks wider than parts of the road that are further away |
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When do children perceive visual cliff? |
6-14 months |
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Figure-and-ground perception |
The ability to find embedded objects |
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Figure-and-ground perception |
The ability to find embedded objects |
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Whole-and-part perception |
The ability to recognise the whole from multiple parts |
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Proprioception/body sense |
Relative position of body parts to each other |
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Proprioception/body sense |
Relative position of body parts to each other |
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What are two types of proprioceptors? |
Somatosensors and vestibular apparatus |
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Tactile localisation |
The ability to determine the exact spot on the body that has been touched without sight |
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Tactile localisation |
The ability to determine the exact spot on the body that has been touched without sight |
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Body awareness |
Labelling of body parts and sense of dimensions |
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Laterality |
Awareness that the body has 2 distinct sides |
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What is the minimum angle between sounds for infants and adults? |
12-19 infants and 1-2 adults |
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Three properties that define auditory patterns |
Time, frequency and intensity |
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Intermodal perception |
Information from multiple senses |
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What are the three one dimensional systems? |
- size of primary musculature - specificity if action beginning and end - stability of the environment |
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What is the two dimensional system? |
Gentile’s Two-dimensional Taxonomy, includes environmental context and function of the actions |
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What are the three stages of Fitts and Posner stage model? |
Stage 1 - cognitive stage Stage 2 - associative stage Stage 3 - autonomous stage |
