Exposures Test #3

Front 1

Sequence of events in processing a radiograph

Back 1

Wetting
Development
Stop Bath
Fixing
Washing
Drying

Front 2

Wetting

Back 2

Swelling of the emulsion to permit subsequent chemical penetration

Front 3

Development

Back 3

Converts the latent image into the manifest image;
an alkaline solution;
temperature: 89-95 F

Front 4

Stop Bath

Back 4

Termination of development and removal of excess chemicals from emulsion

Front 5

Fixing

Back 5

Removal of undeveloped silver halide from emulsion and hardening of gelation;
a weak acidic solution

Front 6

Washing

Back 6

Removal of excess chemicals

Front 7

Developer Chemicals

Back 7

Phenidone
Hydroquinone
Sodium Carbonate
Potassium bromide
Sodium Sulfite
Glutaraldehyde
Water

Front 8

Phenidone

Back 8

(Developer Component)

Developing Agent

Reducing agent; produces shades of gray rapidly

Front 9

Hydroquinone

Back 9

(Developer Component)

Developing Agent

Reduing agent; produces black tones slowly

Front 10

Sodium carbonate

Back 10

(Developer Component)

Activator

Helps swell gelatin; produces alkalinity

Front 11

Potassium Bromide

Back 11

(Developer Component)

Restrainer

Antifog agent; keeps unexposed crystals from being chemically attacked

Front 12

Sodium Sulfite

Back 12

(Developer Component)

Preservative

Controls oxidation; maintains balance among developer components

Front 13

Glutaraldehyde

Back 13

(Developer Component)

Hardener

Controls emulsion swelling; aids in film transportation; aids archival quality

Front 14

Water

Back 14

(Fixer & Developer Component)

Solvent

Dissolves other components

Front 15

Fixer Components

Back 15

Acetic acid
Ammonium thiosulfate (Hypo)
Potassium alum (Aluminum chloride)
Sodium Sulfite
Water

Front 16

Acetic Acid

Back 16

(Fixer Component)

Activator

Neutralizes the developer and stops its action

Front 17

Ammonium thiosulfate (Hypo)

Back 17

(Fixer Component)

Clearing Agent

Removes undeveloped silver bromine from emulsion

Front 18

Potassium alum.

Aluminum Chloride

Back 18

(Fixer Component)

Hardener

Stiffens and shrinks emulsion

Front 19

Sodium sulfite

Back 19

(Fixer Component)

Preservative

Maintains chemical balance

Front 20

Starter Solution

Back 20

Potassium Bromide

Front 21

Severe underreplenishment can cause

Back 21

1. loss of density

2. loss of contrast (becomes grayer)

3. failure of film to transport

Front 22

Severe overreplenishment can cause

Back 22

1. loss of contrast (becomes grayer)

2. gain of density

Front 23

Dry to Drop Time

Back 23

start to finish of film processing

Front 24

Spills/Stains on intensifying screen

Back 24

decreases density

Front 25

Spills/Stains on film

Back 25

Increase density

Front 26

desensitization

Back 26

produces local areas of decreased density recorded on film

Front 27

Proper storage of unexposed films

Back 27

Humidity: 40-60%
<30% = static discharge
>60% = Condensation

Temperature: 50-70 F

Front 28

Storage in a high temperature setting will

Back 28

speed up film aging, increasing the "base plus fog" density present on the film

Front 29

Manufacturers typically ship radiographic film with a "shelf life" of

Back 29

approximately eighteen (18) months

Front 30

Blue-violet film requires a ___ safelight

Back 30

Amber safelight
(Wratten Series 6B)

Front 31

Green sensitive (Orthochromatic) film requires a ___ filter

Back 31

Red filter

(Kodak GS-1, or GBX)

Front 32

Safelight/filter should be positions ___ from the surface of the processor loading tray.

Back 32

one meter or 36"

Front 33

Methods of Radiographic Identification

Back 33

Photographic: recorded on the film (ID flasher in darkroom)

Radiographic: lead markers

Stencil: punches holes in film

Front 34

Patient information present on the radiograph

Back 34

1. Patient data (name/ID)
2. Examination data (including markers)
3. Date
4. Institutional data

Front 35

Penetrometer, or step wedge

Back 35

should be calibrated so as to measure exposure variations between step densities produced on the radiograph

Front 36

Sensitometer

Back 36

uses a calibrated light source that is capable of producing reproducible density strips used for processor evaluation

Front 37

Densitometer

Back 37

measures the optical densities (or opacity) recorded on the processed radiograph

Front 38

Negative Density Artifacts

Back 38

Appear White

BEFORE EXPOSURE
fingernail creases, crinkles film, dust or debris deposited w/in cassette

Front 39

Positive density artifacts

Back 39

Appear Dark

AFTER EXPOSURE
fingernail creases, crinkles film, smudge static, white light/safelight exposure

Front 40

Hint: AB/BW

Back 40

AB = After - Black
(post exposure artifacts appear black)

BW = Before - White
(pre-exposure artifacts appear white)