Exploring Psych - 7Th Ed - Ch 1

Front 1

definition of psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Front 2

scientific method of research

Back 2

a self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answer
1. create theory
2. create hypothesis
3. test hypothesis
4. analyze results

Front 3

theory

Back 3

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events - a good theory must be subject to falsification - a theory can not be proven, only supported

Front 4

hypothesis

Back 4

a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Front 5

operational definition

Back 5

a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables. i.e human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures

Front 6

replication

Back 6

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings extend to other participants and circumstances

Front 7

survey

Back 7

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them
issues: questions can be leading or the samples/subjects not selected randomly

Front 8

random sample

Back 8

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Front 9

population

Back 9

all the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study - the whole group you want to study and describe

Front 10

psychological tests

Back 10

test mainly designed to measure individual differences
i.e aptitude, intelligence and personality test, etc.

Front 11

reliability

Back 11

the extent to which a test yields consistent results - yields same score - can be checked by retesting

Front 12

validity

Back 12

the extent to which the test measures or predicts what it says it is supposed (promised)to

Front 13

case study/history

Back 13

an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles - oldest research method

Front 14

correlations

Back 14

the measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well wither factor predicts the other

Front 15

illusory correlation

Back 15

the perception of a relationship where none exist

Front 16

coefficient of correlation

Back 16

a statistical measure of a relationship

- a positive correlations (btwn 0 and +1) move in same direction

- a negative correlations(btwn 0 and -1) move in opposite direction

Front 17

naturalistic observation

Back 17

watching and recording the behavior of subjects in their natural environment

- describes behavior, does not explain it

Front 18

clinical observation

Back 18

the process of learning about a person’s mental health by watching him in his day-to-day routines at home, school, or work environments (called natural settings)

Front 19

formal experiment

Back 19

a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factor (independent variable) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable) - manipulates a factor to determine its effect

Front 20

placebo effect

Back 20

experimental results caused by expectations alone - any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance (no med)

Front 21

experimental group

Back 21

the group in an experiment that is exposed to the treatment or independent variable

Front 22

control group

Back 22

the group in an experiment that contrast with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment

Front 23

independent variables

Back 23

the experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Front 24

dependent variables

Back 24

the outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

Front 25

hindsight bias

Back 25

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it - i knew it all along

Front 26

sections of a journal article

Back 26

abstract
introduction
methods
statistical analysis
discussion
conclusion
references

Front 27

history of psychology

Back 27

the first psychology lab was in Leipzip, Germany in 1879 founded by Wilhelm Wundt

Front 28

applied research

Back 28

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Front 29

counseling psychology

Back 29

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Front 30

clinical psychology

Back 30

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological therapy

Front 31

SQ3R

Back 31

survey
question
read
rehearsh
review