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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stromatolite
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dome-shaped rock composed of thin layers of sediment pressed tightly together
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bacteria
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domain of prokaryotic organisms that are biochemically and genetically distinct from archaea
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archaea
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bacteria that live in some of the most extreme environments
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coccus
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a spherical bacterium
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bacillus
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a rod-shaped bacterium
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spirochete
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member of a group of large spiral-shaped bacteria
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binary fission
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mode of prokaryote asexual reproduction in which each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's chromosome
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endospore
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dormant cell formed by certain bacteria that can survive very harsh conditions
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cyanobacteria
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group of prokaryotes that generate oxygen as a waste product of their photosynthesis
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bioremediation
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use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, and soil
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pathogen
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a disease-causing organism or virus
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lytic cycle
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a viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses
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lysogenic cycle
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a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA
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retrovirus
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member of a group of viruses such as HIV that carry reverse trnascriptase, which catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
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vaccine
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dose of a disabled or destroyed pathogen used to stimulate a long-term immune defense against the pathogen
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conjugation
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two bacterial cells temporarily join and directly transfer genetic material between them
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transduction
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viruses carry genes from one bacterial cell to another
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transformation
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bacteria take up pieces of free DNA from the environment, ex. from dead bacteria
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autotroph
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obtain carbon atoms from carbon dioxide
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heterotroph
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obtain carbon atoms from existing organic molecules, ex. food
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pathogen
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a disease-causing organism or virus
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lytic cycle
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a viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses
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lysogenic cycle
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a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA
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retrovirus
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member of a group of viruses such as HIV that carry reverse trnascriptase, which catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
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vaccine
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dose of a disabled or destroyed pathogen used to stimulate a long-term immune defense against the pathogen
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conjugation
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two bacterial cells temporarily join and directly transfer genetic material between them
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transduction
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viruses carry genes from one bacterial cell to another
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transformation
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bacteria take up pieces of free DNA from the environment, ex. from dead bacteria
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autotroph
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obtain carbon atoms from carbon dioxide
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heterotroph
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obtain carbon atoms from existing organic molecules, ex. food
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