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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axial skeleton |
the portion of the skeleton that protects and supports the head, trunk and neck |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has limbs attached |
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Exoskeleton |
body covering, made of chitin that provides support and protection |
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Symbiosis |
a close relationship between two or more species where both benefit |
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What three things make up the human superstructure? |
Skeleton, Muscles, Skin |
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What are the 2 main differences between smooth muscles and skeletal muscles |
Skeletal: rough appearance, are voluntary Smooth: smooth appearance, are involuntary |
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Where is the cardiac muscle found? |
Heart |
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Is the heart an involuntary or voluntary muscle? |
Involuntary |
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What is produced in the red bone marrow? |
blood cells |
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What is keratinization? |
kills cells, hardens living cells |
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What are the hardened keratinized cells used for? |
make outer layer of skin(epidermis), hair, nails |
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What 2 principal substances make up bone? |
Collagen & Minerals |
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What quality does collagen provide to bone? |
makes bones flexible |
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What quality do minerals provide to bone? |
Makes bones hard and strong |
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What is the difference between compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue? |
Compact: bone tissue is packed tightly together Spongy: has lots of space between its fibers |
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Are bones alive? |
Yes, living cells imbedded in the bone. |
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What is the difference between an invertebrate and a vertebrate? |
Vertebrate: animals with a backbone Invertebrate: Animals without a backbone |
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Is it possible for an organism to be neither vertebrate or invertebrate? |
Yes, if an organism is from any Kingdom other than Animalia. |
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Are your arms part of the appendicular skeleton or the axial skeleton?
What about your neck? |
Arms: Appendicular Neck: axial |
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What is the difference between an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton? |
Exoskeleton: exists outside the organism, made of chitin Endoskeleton: inside the organism, made of bone/cartlidge |
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What do we call organisms with exoskeletons? |
Arthropods |
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Order the following joints in terms of increasing range of motion, then order them in terms of increasing stability. Ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle |
Range of motion: 3.hinge (least) 2.saddle 1. ball and socket (most) Stability: 3. ball and socket (least) 2.saddle 1. hinge |
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What purpose do ligaments serve in the joints? |
hold bones together in the joint. |
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What purpose does cartilage serve? |
cushions the bones of the joints so that they do not painfully rub together. |
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How do skeletal muscles attach to the skeleton? |
tendons attach to skeleton connects skeletal muscles to skeleton |
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Describe how the sternocleidomastoid and posterior triangle muscles on each side of the neck work together in order to tilt the head. |
muscles on one side contract while muscles on the other relax. |
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Are the muscles in your stomach smooth muscle or skeletal muscle? |
smooth, you do not have to think about them |
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When it is budding, a sunflower will turn throughout the day so that it follows the sun across the sky. What is the term we use to describe this? |
Phototropism |
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What the the two main functions of hair? |
insulate and provide feeling. |
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What the the 2 main functions of sweat? |
1. Cools the body down 2. Helps feed beneficial bacteria and fungi that live on your skin. |
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Why do your skin cells constantly fall off your body? |
the cells on the outer layer are dead. |
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What do the sebaceous glands produce, and what are the substance's 2 main purposes? |
OIL 1.softens the skin and hair 2. makes it hard for certain bacteria to attach to your skin |
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Classify: Animal with hair |
mammal |
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Classify: animal that breathes thru its skin |
amphibian |
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Classify: animal with scales |
reptile or fish |
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animal with feathers |
birds |
