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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cultures of North America
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Sioux, Iroquois, Pawnee, etc.
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Cultures of Central and South America
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Mayas, Aztecs, Incas
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Most Native Americans lived in...
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small semi-permanent settlements. (Exceptions: Iroquois Confederacy, Central and South American societies)
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Reasons for exploration
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1. Improvements in technology
2. Religious conflict (Protestant Reformation, religious wars) 3. Trade expansion (lost Silk Road due to Ottoman takeover of Constantinople) 4. Imperialism and colonialism |
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Christopher Columbus
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Found the "New World" in search of "Indies" (India; searching for alternate trade route to Silk Road)
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Conquistadores
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Spanish explorers
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Rulers who financed Columbus's journey
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King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
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Encomienda system
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King of Spain gave grants of land and Native slaves to individual Spaniards as reward for explorers of the Americas
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John Cabot
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King Henry VI's explorer; discovered Newfoundland, but his discoveries were not followed up by England
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Spanish Armada
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England defeats Spanish fleet and becomes the dominant seafaring power
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Roanoke
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Island established by Sit Walter Raleigh; failed colony
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Joint-stock company
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pooled the savings of people of moderate means and supported trading ventures that seemed potentially profitable
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Virginia Company
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joint-stock company that established the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown
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Problems in Jamestown
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Disease, famine, attacks from Natives; settlers were unaccustomed to physical work or merely gold-seeking adventurers who refused to work; food supplies were next to nothing
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Captain John Smith
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Became the leader of Jamestown; his policy was "if you don't work, you don't eat"; saved the colony
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John Rolfe
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Developed new variety of tobacco along with Native wife Pocahontas; used tobacco to create economic prosperity for Jamestown
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Indentured servants
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A person (usually a young man) who, in exchange for free transportation to a colony, was obligated to work on a plantation for a certain number of years); used by Jamestown (along with slavery) to upkeep tobacco plantations
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First royal colony
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Jamestown was transferred to the control of King James I after the Virginia Company went bankrupt and its charter was revoked
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Puritans
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Those who believed in the "purification" of the Anglican Church to remove its resemblance to Catholicism
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Separatists
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Group of Puritans who rejected the idea of simply reforming the Church of England and wanted to organize a completely separate church independent of royal control
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Mayflower
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Ship on which Separatists (and those who had fallen into economic troubles) sailed to America
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Plymouth
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Colony settled by the Mayflower pilgrims when they dropped anchor where they believed Jamestown to be
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Captain Miles Standish
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Leader of Plymouth colony
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Governor William Bradford
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Leader of Plymouth colony
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Reasons for migration to Americas
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1. Population boom
2. Economic depression and unemployment 3. Homeless populations 4. Religious conflicts (Separatists) |
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Massachusetts Bay Company
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Royal charter given to a group of non-Separatist Puritans to start their own colonizing venture
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John Winthrop
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Leader of the Puritans who set sail for the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Great Migration
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Movement of a large number of settlers from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to civil war in England
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Mayflower Compact
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Document drawn up by the (Plymouth) Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower which represented an early form of colonial self-government and an early (rudimentary) form of a written constitution
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House of Burgesses
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The first representatives assembly in America; established in Jamestown
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Spanish settlements in North America
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Florida, New Mexico, Texas, California
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