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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A reflex is a relation-relationship between a___and a ___.
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specific event/stimulus: simple behavior/response
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Modal action patterns differ from reflexes inthe MAP’s involve the ___ and are more complex and variable |
whole/entire organism
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The chief problem with natural selection is thatit is |
slow
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Natural selection helps the ___ to adapt tochange, not the ___ |
species: individual
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___ is anything an organism does that canbe measured |
Behavior
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A ___ is an environmental event that iscapable of affecting behavior |
stimulus
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Habituation involves a ___ in theprobability or intensity of a response |
decrease
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Kuo’s experiment showed that whether cats killedrats depended on whether they saw ___ |
their mothers kill rats
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If the rate of a behavior is increasing, theslope of the cumulative record ___. A flat record indicates that thebehavior is ___ |
rises/goes up: not occurring
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The chief difference between anecdotal and casestudy evidence is that anecdotal evidence is based on ___,whereas case studies examine an ___ |
casual observation: individual in detail
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The essential element of a ___ is that the independent variable varies across participants |
between-subjects design
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The essential element of a ___ designis that the independent variable varies within participants |
within-subject
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One advantage of animal research is that itprovides better control of ___ and ___ |
heredity/genetics: learning history/previous learning
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The beneficiaries of behavior research withanimals include both ___ |
humans and animals
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Computer simulations cannot replace animalresearch because they are programmed based on ___ |
findings from animal research
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Thorndike studied animal learning as a way ofmeasuring ___ |
animal intelligence
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According to Thorndike’s law of effect, thestrength of a behavior depends on its ___ |
consequences
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Positive and negative reinforcement have this incommon: ___ |
both strengthen behavior
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The defining feature of ___ is thatthey are not dependent on learning |
primary reinforcers
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___ refers to the likelihood that areinforcer will follow a behavior |
Contingency
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In general, the more you ___ the amount ofa reinforcer, the ___ benefit you get from the increase |
increase: less
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A ___ is anything that changesthe effectiveness of a reinforcer |
motivating operation
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Positive reinforcement is associated with therelease of ___ in the brain |
dopamine
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According to the Premack principles,___ behavior reinforces___ behavior |
high-probability/likely/strong: low-probability/unlikely/weak
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According to response-deprivation theory,schoolchildren are eager to go to recess because they have been deprived of theopportunity to ___ |
move about/exercise
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The two processes in two-process theory are___ and ___. |
Pavlovian conditioning:operant learning
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