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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Randomization
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making random to control for extraneous variable
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Concurrent validity
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construct valid assesed by groups differ on the measure in expected ways.
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Convergent validity
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construct validity assessed by measure scores relation to other similar ones
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Criterion-oriented validity
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determining construct validity by relationship of measure scores and outcome
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Cronbach's alpha
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internal consistency reliability assessed by average correlation of each item (question) all others
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Discriminate validity
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The construct validity assessed by extent which scores are not related to scores on conceptually unrelated measures
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Internal consistency reliability
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data collected at one point in time has similar results with multiple measures of a psychological construct.
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Matched pairs design
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pairs of subjects are first matched on some characteristic and then individually assigned randomly to groups.
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Random assignment
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assign an individual to a particular condition is beyond the control of the researcher.
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Repeated measures design
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An experiment in which the same subjects are assigned to each group. Also called within-subjects design
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Factorial design
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all levels of each IV are combined with all levels of the other IVs. Allows investigation of separate main effects and interactions of two or more IVs.
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Interaction
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The differing effect of one IV on DV, depending on the particular level of another IV.
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IV X PV design
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A factorial w/ experimental IV and a nonexperiment participant variable (PV).
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Mixed factorial design
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A design that includes both independent groups (between-subjects) and repeated measures (within-subjects) variables.
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Moderator variable
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influences the nature of the relationship between two other variable s (an IV and DV) in order to reveal an interaction.
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Simple main effect
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In a factorial design, the effect of one IV at a particular level of another IV.
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Structural models variability
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expected relationships among variables based causality.
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Analysis of variance (F test)
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A statistical significance test: determs if two or more means are significantly different. F is the ratio of systematic variance to error variance.
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Degrees of freedom (df)
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tests of statistical significance; the number of observations that are free to vary to produce a known outcome.
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Error variance
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Random variability of scores not the result of the IV. Statistically, the variability of each score from its group mean.
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Inferential statistics
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Statistics design to determine whether results based on sample data are generalizable to a population
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Null hypothesis
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variables under investigation are not related in the population, observed effect is due to random error.
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Power
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The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis.
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Research hypothesis
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variables under investigation are related in the population-that the observed effect is true in the population
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Sampling distribution
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Based on the null hypothesis being true; in the ESP example, the null hypothesis is that the person is only guessing and should therefore get 20% correct.
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Systematic variance
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Variability in scores as the result of the IV; statistically, the variability of each group mean from the grand mean of all subjects.
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T test
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A statistical significance test used to compare differences between means.
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Type I error
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An incorrect decision to REJECT the null hypothesis when it is TRUE.
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Type II error
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An incorrect decision to ACCEPT the null hypothesis when it is FALSE.
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