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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dates of existentialism
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19th-20th century
post wwi |
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classical thought
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essence preceeds existence
meaning give to life from God |
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existential thought
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existence precedes essence
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according to existentialsim
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there is no preordained blueprint that prescribes meaning and lpurpose to our lives. we have hte freedom to make our own choices and define our own individual meaning and purpose in life
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what type of philoosphy is existentialism
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not, a political philosophy
not moral but way of life |
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framework of existentialist philosophy
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all agreed that traditional philosophy was too formal, mechanical, and academic to give readl meaning of our lives. preferred a more spontaneous mode of expression that offered authentic meaning to exiisting indvidiauls
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the existential philosophers disagreed on
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-waht the true meaing of our existence is.
*personal exp made through choice, it is not universal or categorical |
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CHOICE: man is a plan, not a cauliflower
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man is an individual plan, we are hte prodcue of th echoices. cauliflowers dont choose their way of life
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RESPONSIBILITY
man is condemned to be free |
man has this gift to be free, if you make wrong cohice you must live w/ conseque3nces. freedom comes responsibility we choose our destiny
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FREEDOM
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to derive our own meaning in life
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LIFE
"joy and sorrow are th echildren of hte same mother" |
we create what happens in our liveswe have a choice to view life optimistically or pessimistically. life doesnt' owe us anything.
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MORALITY
carpe diem |
we live and we die
we only have this breif moment in time to live engaged, authentic, meaningful, self directed lives |
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why was existentialism bound to happen?
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1. traditional thought forgot abotu individual
2. modern society began to dehumanize humans, capitalism, work is mechanistic-lose humanity. subjects -> objs 3. we've been converted from I -> it 4. WWI, how could God let this happen |
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historical processes tha tlead to existentialism
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1. industrialization/capitalism
2. wwi 3. philosphies of th epast |
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NIETZSCHE resemblied Socrates and Plato
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-produced no formal system bc system building assumes that one has at hand self evident truths
participate in DIALECTIC |
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NIETZSCHE BG NOTES
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-germany
-qutestions morality, religion, culture, sci -provoked serious thought -contradictory/ambiguous -challenge self evident truths NO ABS TRUTH |
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how was nietzsche an existentialist
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-wanted to create a life affirming philoosophy
-God is dead -reevaluate all morality -will to power -treu meaning of existence in GREEK TRAGEDY |
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NIETZSCHE's thoughts on Christianity
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led to the deterioration of European Race
slave herd morality love our enemies is contradictory weak values: equality |
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NIETZSCHE's thoughts on Socrates/Plato
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humans are not equal
doesn't like that they believe in absolute truth dialectical process likes them |
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NIETZSCHE's thoughts on Enlightenment Philosophers
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-disliked b/c they tried to unriddle th euniverse
-system building lacks integrity -not honest thinkers |
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what does neitzsche want to reevaluate
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all prevailing cultural values and morals, not rejection but reevaluation
bc you need something to repalce it w/ |
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what is a superman for Nietzsche
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theose who have courage to revaluate all values
use will to power: channel Dionysis intellectual and moral strength |
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what is not a superman
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not mechanical process of bio evolution
not a tyrant: passion would be controlled and harmonized |
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what is neitzshce ideal for a superman
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balance of dionysis and apollo
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KIERKEGAARD bg notes
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-denmark
-fr of existentialism -christian |
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what did KIERKEGAARD dislike?
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1. moral philophy of Kant bc it was rigid
2. cultural christianity: born into it *he's angry bc it's inauthentic |
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KIERKEGAARD
"only the actory is involved in existence" |
KIERKEGAARD likes actors not spectators
must take control of life |
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KIERKEGAARD and REason?
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reason is too empirical and mechanical
reason is limited |
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KIERKEGAARD
"Truth is Subjective" |
can't prove that God exists
personal exp |
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KIERKEGAARD
"objective uncertainty" |
believes there's a God but can't prove it
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KIERKEGAARD
knowledge doesn't not necessitate action |
just bc ppl ahve knowledge, it dones't start or stop ppl from doing something
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KIERKEGAARD
blieves that "the wisest man knos that he knows nothing" |
admit to fact that you dont' know
feel w/ your gtut |
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KIERKEGAARD
leap of faith |
faith is personal subejctive
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KIERKEGAARD's 3 levels of existence
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1. Aesthetic
2. Ethical 3. Religious |
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Stage 1: Aestheic
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follow impuse w/o thinking
shallow/self interste immature superficial selfish |
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either or btwn 1 & 2
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existential moment
lif eis empty and trite, live in aesteic or next stage |
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Stage 2: Ethical
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accepts limits
accepts rules, standards recognize universal moral oblications conformity |
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either or moment
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leap of faith
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stage 3: religious stage
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unselfish
live authentic life at peace alive |
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sarte bg info
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-post 2ii writer
-gave us definition of existentialism -made existentialism common, acceptable -combines philophy and experience -combat soldier/german POW -choices: resist or collaborate w/ enemy -no God, no Mortality -"dreadful state of freedom" ~w/ freedom comes consequence |
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Primo Levi bg notes
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-italian jew
-postwar writer -survivor of Aushwitz -maintains faith in human potential *humans are good *optimistic -trns to DANTE for meaning -Aushwitz=hell Ulysses: Human resilience |
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If this is a man
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canto of ulysses
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camus bg notes
ABSURD |
-postwar writer
-french algerian -french resistance -[lague -life w/o universal truths -no meaning beyond our own meaning -authenticity |
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camus wrote about
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sisyphus
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