Existential And Person Centered Therapies

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Founder of person centered-therapy

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Carl Rogers

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Key concepts of person centered

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focus on experiencing immediate moment
client can resolve his or her own problems
personal relationship between client and therapist is key
client is responsible for direction of therapy
emphasis on subjective world of client
learning in therapy is derived from ongoing research

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Humanistic view focuses more on a

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positive view and human potential

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Existential focuses more on

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realities of existence

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Founders of existential therapy

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Rollo May, Viktor Frankl, Irvin Yalom, James Bugental

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Person centered techniques

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- active listening and reflection
- create relationship built upon reflection
- interacting in immediacy of situation
- emancipation from oughts and shoulds
- fosters non-conformist way of being
- eliminate the unhealthy need to please others

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Roles of person centered therapist

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- relationship is central to progress
- rooted in being, not doing
- provides climate of safety and trust
- relationship is equal
- genuine, authentic, warm, non-judgmental
- does not teach, give advice, interpret
- neither defensive nor evasive

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Three Conditions of person centered

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Congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding

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Congruence

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genuiness of therapist, feelings, thoughts, and beliefs not hidden behind facades

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Unconditional positive regard

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deep recognition of client's internal frame of reference

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Empathic understanding

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acceptance and caring, allows client to be less anxious about perceived weaknesses and prospect of taking risks

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Limitations of person centered

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-tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge
- people in crisis need more direct interventions
- limited use with non-verbal clients
- tends to discount significance of the past
- success is dependent on therapists mainting high trust in feelings and actions of client and themselves

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Key concepts of existential therapy

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- self-awareness
- mst accept responsibility that accompanies freedom
- preserve uniqueness and identity
- we know ourselves in relation to knowing and interacting
- we recreate ourselves through projects
- anxiety is a part of the human condition
- death is a basic human condition, awareness of death gives significance to life

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Function of existential therapist

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- tries to help client see she is free and to see the posibilities of future
- challenges client to recognize that he is responsible for events of life
- grounded in immediate subjective experience of encountering client
- uses empathy, concern, reflection, environmental modification, support
- not threatened by ideas and beliefs of others

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Techniques of existentialism

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- acceptance of client uniqueness
- confrontation
- awareness exercises
- imagery
- diagnosis, testing, and external measurements are not deemed important
- incorporates techniques from other therapies

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Limitations of existential therapy

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- vague, abstract concepts difficult to grasp
- not subjected to scientific research
- limited applicability to lower-functioning clients, clients in extreme crisis who need direction, non-verbal clients
- relies on verbal exchange and authenticity

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Expanding awareness

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realizing
- we are finite
- we have the choice to act or not to act
- we must seek meaning
- we are subject to loneliness, meaninglessness, emptiness, guilt, and isolation

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Encouraging psychotherapeutic conditions; therapeutic triad

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accurate empathic understanding, congruence, unconditional positive regard

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Bad faith

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leading an inauthentic existence

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Authenticity

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being true to own evaluation of what constitiues meaningful existence

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Existential guilt

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the result of, or the consciousness of, evading the commitment to choosing for ourselves, we let others define us or make choices for us

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Existential vacuum

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condition of emptiness and hollowness that results from meaningless in life

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Existential neurosis

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feelings of despair and anxiety that result from inauthentic living, a failure to make choices, and an avoidance of responsibility

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Existential anxiety

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a condition of living, can be a stimulus for growth as we become aware of our freedom, courage to face ourselves

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Freedom and responsibility

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go hand in hand, freed requires us to accept our own responsibility