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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the leading causes of death in the U.S.?
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Heart Disease
Cancer Stroke Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
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What year was physical activity named a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease?
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1992
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What are 2008 guidelines for Americans in terms of the amount of exercise performed a week
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moderate- 150 minutes/wk
vigorous- 75 minutes/wk resistance training |
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Risk Factors for CAD (primary)
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Family History - parents, siblings, offspring
Obesity - BMI over 30kg/m Physical Inactivity - not meeting surgeon generals recommendation Hypertension - > 140/90mm Hg Smoking - Currently or quit w/in 6 months Hypercholesterolemia - > 200 mg/dL total; LDL-C > 130mg/dL; HDL-C < 40 mg/dL NIDDM or IDDM |
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Risk Factors (secondary)
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Gender
Race Age Alcohol Diet Socioeconomical Status Stress |
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Emerging Risk Factors
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Homocysteine
C-Reactive Protein Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein B Fibrinogen |
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Homocysteine
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-AA in high levels related to increased risk to CAD
-converted to cysteine in the presence of Vita B. -caused by inadequate vita B12 and folic acid -increase in homocysteine is indicative of atherosclerosis which increases chances of CAD |
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C-Reactive protein
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-released by the liver when inflammation in the body is present.
-Used as a marker of vessel damage |
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Steps of Atherosclerosis
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-Accumulation of lipids
-increase presence of inflammatory cells -greater C-reactive protein increase |
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Lipoprotein A
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-LDL-C
-aggrevates arterial wall leading to atherosclerosis -healthy LDL-C is < 14mg/dL |
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Apolipoprotein B
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-Primary protein component of LDL-C
-High concentration related to atherosclerosis -Considered a better predictor for CAD than total cholesterol or LDL-C because it's found w/ every LDL structurally |
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Fibrinogen
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-Protein necessary for clotting
-Increased clotting = increased risk of MI |
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Why is a Pre-Participation Health Screening important?
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To prevent a potential cardiac event from occurring in your facility.
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What is a Pre-Participation Health Screening for?
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-Identify any contraindictions to exercise.
-Identify individuals with disease. -Identify individuals at risk for diease. |
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Who is the target population for a Pre-Participation Health Screening?
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-Men; 45 and older
-Women; 55 and older -those who are new to exercise -Those going to perform vigorous activity |
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Medical History Form
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-Family History
-History of various diseases, illness, and surgeries -Past and Present health behavior habits. -Work history |
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Atherosclerosis
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Begins with damage to the inner most layer of blood vessel
- migration of lipids to injured area leads to formation of foam cells. -Hardening of foam cells to form plaque, which platelets will adhere to |
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Response to Injury
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-Growth factors are released and attract LDL to damaged area
-Inflammatory cells migrate under endothelium for repair |
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Indirect Calorimetry
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Technique used to determine VO2max in the lab by estimation.
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Direct Calorimetry
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Measures Heat being produced from subject during exercise
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