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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COPD
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presence of airflow obstruction
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chronic Bronchitis diagnosed when?
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chronic cough and sputum production
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Chronic Bronchitic cough result of?
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hypersecretion of mucus
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Emphysema is?
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abnormal permanent enlargement of bronchioles and alveoli
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Primary Risk Factors (Exposures)
(know a few) |
1. Tobacco Use
2. Diet 3. Infections 4. SES 5. Occupational exposures |
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Predisposing Risk Factors (host factors)
(know a few) |
1. AHR
2. Poor Hygiene 3. Male 4. dec. ADS Potential 5. Poor Nutrition 6. Ageing |
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Results from Pulm. Fxn test necessary for what?
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diagnosing COPD and determining severity.
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Stages of Severity (3)
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1. Stage 1 (Mild) : FEV1 <50%
2. Stage 2 (moderate) : " 35-49% 3. Stage 3 (Severe) : " <35% of predicted |
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In patients with MILD or MODERATE disease symptoms?
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DO NOT present until demand is placed on resp. system.
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patients w/ mod-severe COPD had dec. exercise capacity b/c?
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- reduced ventilatory capacity in the face of inc. demand
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Clinical Measures for Exercise-testing recommendations (Page 182)
Know some **monitoring should include these things |
-HR, 12-lead ECG
- BP - RPE, RPD - O2 saturation -Ventilation measures and gas exchange -Blood Lactate -Distance
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Can we use the 6 min walk for ex. testing in this pop.
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YES
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When should measurements be measured
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before start, through test, and at termination
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Review chart on pg 183
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all down arrows
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Primary goals of pulmonary rehab (5)
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1. dec. airlfow limitation
2. Improve ex. capacity 3. Prevent & treat secondary med. complications 4. dec. resp. symptoms 5. inc. QOL |
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is HR a reliable indicator of ex. tolerance for COPD patients
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NO
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best monitor for intensity?
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dyspnea and RPE
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min. recommendation for exercise prescription
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frequency of 3-5 dys/wk w/ min 20-30 mins continuous activity.
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Three Strategies for increasing strength of ventilatory mm. strength
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1. Isocapnic hyperpnea
- breathe at highest lvl of minute vent. for 10-15 mins - leads to decreaed PaCO2 (need rebreathing circuit) 2. Inspiratory Resistive Loading - breathe through small orifice - req. monitoring (patients cheat) 3. Inspiratory threshold loading - breathe through device that permits airflow only after critical ins. pressure is reached. (best) -no supervision |
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Grade given to inspiratory muscle training
*why? |
B.
** recommended this form of training NOT be considered essential. Except in patients who remain symptomatic |
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how is the work of the diaphragm increased?
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arm exercises req. use of accessory mm. of insp. therefore dec. their participation in ventilation.
** Therfore we want to improve the fxn of these mm. to help w/ vent. |
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Quadriceps mm strength correlated w/
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positively w/ 6 min walk distance and VO2max
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resistance training in COPD patients
(upper, lower, whole-body) should be? |
included in a comprehensive rehab program
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recommended dosage for improvements
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training 2-3 days/wk w/ 8-10 reps and loads of 50-85% 1RM
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Asthma characterized by?
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chronic inflammation and REVERSIBLE airway obstruction
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3 factors characterizing asthma
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1. ctraction of smooth mm in airways
2. swelling of mucosal cells 3. hypersecretion of mucus |
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asthma caused by
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allergic rxn,
exercise, aspirin, dust, pollutants, emotion |
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chemical mediators assoc. w/ asthma
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1. histamine
2. prostaglandins 3. leaukotriene |
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mediators elicit these effects
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1. increase smooth mm contraction (bronchoconstriction)
2. Initiate bronchocontrictor reflex via vagus nearve 3.Cause inflammatory response w.in tissue |
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patho behind EIA is a consequence of?
results in? |
heating and humidifying large volumes of air during exercise.
-cooling and drying of airway which leads to inflammatory mediator release |
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EIA is diagnosed when? with what?
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immediately following GXT with spirometer to determine if airflow limitation is present
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