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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Sport and Exercise Psychology? |
Involves the study of human thought, emotion and behavior in physical activity |
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What are the ABCs of physical activity? |
Affect: emotions Behavior: actions Cognitions: thoughts |
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What are the goals for Sport and Exercise Psychology? |
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Exercise Psychology |
Focuses on the psychological aspects of fitness, exercise, health, and wellness. |
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Sport Psychology |
Focuses on the psychological aspects of competitive sport participation. |
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What does a Sport or Exercise Psychologist Do? |
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Physical Activity Specialist |
Kinesiology-trained practitioners of sport and exercise psychology focus on education or the teaching of skills to enhance the performance or personal fulfillment of individuals involved in sport or exercise. |
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Clinical or Counseling Psychologists |
Licensed practitioners who provide psychotherapy and consultation for individuals with clinical conditions such as depression, phobias, or anorexia nervosa. These may include athletes and exercisers. |
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Who was Norman Triplett? |
Late 1800s (1898) Studied the effect of the presence of others on bicycling performance. |
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Who was Coleman Griffith? |
1920s and 1930s; Wrote 2 books, interviewed celebrity athletes (Red Grange, Knute Rockne) about mental aspects of their sport. Worked under Philip Wrigley with the Chicago Cubs. |
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What happened in Sport and Exercise Psychology in the 1960s? |
Trait personality studies were conducted related to sport participation and social facilitation or audience effects on motor performance; national and international organizations were formed (e.g. International Society of Sport Psychology, 1965) |
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What happened in Sport and Exercise Psychology in the 1970s? |
Sport psychology became a legitimate sub-discipline; graduate programs originated, Rainer Martens pioneered the systematic study of competitive anxiety in sport. |
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What happened in Sport and Exercise Psychology in the 1980s? |
Emergence of exercise psychology from sport psychology, the growth of field research, and an explosion of applied mental training with athletes. |
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What happened in Sport and Exercise Psychology in the 1990s? |
Growth of Sport psychology and exercise psychology sub-disciplines continued, professional training standards were implemented, consulting guidelines and ethical standards for exercise were approved, and the U.S. Olympic Committee registry of certified professionals was created. |
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What happened in Sport and Exercise Psychology in the 2000s? |
The knowledge base of the field grew rapidly with an increase in published research, providing a sound foundation for sport psychology practice. A tremendous increase in qualitative research, which typically involves interview data. Rapid expansion of sport and exercise psychology practice, consulting services and availability of applied materials, a new journal was dedicated to practitioners. |
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What are the research methods in Sport and Exercise Psychology? |
Questionnaires - psychological inventories measuring specific forms of thoughts, feelings or behaviors Interviews - in-depth understanding of beliefs or values Observations - behavior checklist or coding Physiological measures - biofeedback Biochemical measures - blood/urine analysis Content analysis - analyze written work |
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What are the six main areas of knowledge in Sport and Exercise Psychology? |
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What character traits do successful athletes possess? |
More self confidence Better coping Better emotional control Better focus and more highly determined and committed |
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Motivation |
A complex set of internal and external forces that directs and energizes our behavior (choice, effort, persistence) in sport and exercise |
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Intrinsic motivation |
Motivated by enjoyment in the process and gaining satisfaction from participation |
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Extrinsic motivation |
You want to gain some external reward from participation, e.g. trophy, money, weight loss, etc. |
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Arousal |
A state of physical and psychological activation or readiness |
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Anxiety |
A negative response to a stressful situation characterized by nervousness, worry, and feelings of threat. |
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Stress |
A demand placed on a person; a process in which individuals perceive and imbalance between their response capabilities and the demands of the situation. |
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Cohesion |
The tendency for groups to stick together and remain united in pursuing goals |
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What are intervention techniques in sport and exercise psychology used to increase? |
-Adherence -Enhance sport performance -Develop life skills -Aid in injury rehabilitation -Ease career transitions and retirement from sport |
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What are the stages of burnout? |
-Feelings of mental, emotional and physical exhaustion -Negative moods and feelings (depression and despair) and a negative change in responses to other people -Lack of accomplishment -Disillusioned with involvement; occurs when personality characteristics interact with life stressors |
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What are the intervention techniques for physical activity? |
-Goal Setting -Self-Talk -Attentional control and focusing -Imagery (using senses to create or re-create and experience in your mind) -Physical relaxation techniques |
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What is Biomechanics of Physical Activity? |
-Applies the mechanical principles of physics and engineering to the motion, structure, and functioning of all living systems -Study of how mechanical principles affect human movement and the structure and function of the human body |
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What are the goals of Biomechanics? |
-Understand how the basic laws of physics affect and shape the structure and function of the human body -Apply this understanding to a. improve the outcomes of our movements (such as performance effectiveness) b. increase or maintain the safety and health of our tissues |
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What are the applications of Biomechanics? |
-Improve movement techniques for sport performance, locomotion, and motor skill acquisition -Improve equipment -Prevent injury -Guide rehabilitation and treatment -Must account for additional factors influencing movement that include sensations such as pain, other performers, the environment, emotions, prior experience, cultural expectations, socioeconomic class, gender, and anatomy. |
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What are the two main themes of study in Biomechanics? |
Function: how we produce forces to generate, maintain, or slow down movement during physical activity. Structure: how forces (such as gravity) affect our body tissues |
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What does a Biomechanist Do? |
-Researcher -Clinical biomechanist -Performance enhancement specialist -Ergonomist or human factors engineer (industrial task analysis specialist) -Forensic biomechanist -University professor -Certified orthotist or prosthetist |
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What are the goals of a Biomechanist? |
-Improve performance in sport and dance -Reduce or prevent injuries at work, at home, and during exercise and sport tasks -Improve the movements of people with pathological conditions (clinical settings) -Increase performers' health with exercise or training regimens -Assist with design of equipment, artificial limbs, and orthoses for safety |
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Who first used the term kinesiology? |
Posse and Skarstrom (in the US in the late 1800s) |
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Who and when were mechanical principles applied to movement? |
Ruth Glassow, Thomas Cureton, Charles McCloy in the 1920s and 1930s |
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What world events shaped biomechanics? |
WWI, WWII, Polio, Prosthetics, Physical Therapy |
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What occurred in biomechanics in the 1960s? |
Conferences organizations, graduate-level programs, Kinesiology Section |
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What occurred in biomechanics in the 1970s? |
Rapid expansion, sports medicine, dance kinesiology, International Society of Biomechanics formed. |
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What occurred in biomechanics in the late 20th century? |
Continued expansion of university programs and organizations switch from the term kinesiology to biomechanics to identify the subdiscipline. |
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What is the systematic process model of analysis? |
1. Identify the question 2. State performance goals 3. Consider influencing factors 4. Understand motions and mechanics 5. Determine relevant biomechanical principles and movement techniques 6. Observe or measure 7. What does it all mean? Assess, evaluate, interpret (quantitative and qualitive) |
