Exercise Science

Front 1

1st Class Lever

Back 1

-joint lies between muscle & load
- most efficient
- weakest
- et. flexing neck & posturing head forward & downward

Front 2

2nd Class Lever

Back 2

- load lies between joint & pulling muscle
- strongest
- eg. lifting a wheelbarrow

Front 3

3rd Class Lever

Back 3

- muscle lies between joint & load
- poor mechanical advantage
- most common in body
- eg. elbow joint

Front 4

Principle of Stability
(Principles of Biomechanics)

Back 4

stable balance requires:
- wide base of support
- centre of gravity within base of supporrt
- large mass
- low centre of gravity

Front 5

Principle of Number of Joints
(Principles of Biomechanics)

Back 5

- max force is produced when all joints that can be used are used (allows more muscles to contract)

Front 6

Principle of Order of Joints
(Principles of Biomechanics)

Back 6

- max velocity is produced when joints are used in order from largest to smallest

Front 7

Principle of Impulse
(Principles of Biomechanics)

Back 7

- the greater the applied impulse, the greater the increase in velocity

Front 8

Principle of Direction
(Principles of Biomechanics)

Back 8

- movement occurs in direction opposite to that of an applied force
- for every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction

Front 9

Principle of Angular Motion

Back 9

a) angular motion is produced when a force is applied at a distance from centre of gravity or axis of rotation (eg. a diver)
b) angular momentum can be changed by changing the position of extremities in relation to axis of rotation (eg. spinning)

Front 10

Law of Inertia
(Newton's First Law)

Back 10

- a body will remain at rest or in a state of constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force

Front 11

Law of Acceleration
(Newton's Second Law)

Back 11

- F=ma
- relationship between object's mass, its acceleration & applied force
- a force applied to a body causes an acceleration & applied force of a magnitude proportional to the force, in the direction of the force, inversely proportional to the body

Front 12

Law of Reaction
(Newton's Third Law)

Back 12

- for every action there is an equal & opposite reaction

Front 13

Types of motion

Back 13

a) linear - movement in a particular direction
b) rotational - movement about an axis; force is off centre, causing rotation

Front 14

Effective Ways to Communicate

Back 14

- positive feedback
- plan key words to say
- use analogies/symbols
- diagnosis
- corrections/remediation

Front 15

4-Step Approach
Observation of a Skill

Back 15

1) pre-observation planning
2) observations
3) diagnosis
4) corrections/remediation

Front 16

Pre-Observation

Back 16

- identify the purpose
1) preliminary movements
2) backswing/recovery
3) force producing
4) critical instant
5) follow-through

Front 17

Observation Plan

Back 17

1. identify observation task & select relevant features
2. appropriate observation strategies
3. number of observations required
4. positioning strategies

Front 18

Primary Error

Back 18

- main problem
- should be corrected

Front 19

Secondary Error

Back 19

- provide information about primary errors
- result of primary errors
- cannot attempt to correct a secondary error without looking at primary error