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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the most common sports-related injury? |
Ankle |
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What is the most prevalent diagnosis for shoulder pain? |
Shoulder impingement |
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What are the steps to the corrective exercise continuum? |
-Inhibit -lengthen -activate -integrate |
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What does bilateral contraction of the external oblique cause? |
-flexion of the spine -compress & support viscera -posterior pelvic rotation |
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What does unilateral contraction of the external obliques cause? |
-lateral flexion of the spine (ipsilaterally) -rotation of the spine (contralaterally) |
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What does bilateral contraction of the internal obliques cause? |
-flexion of the spine -compress & support viscera - posterior pelvic rotation |
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What does unilateral contraction of the internal obliques cause? |
-lateral flexion of spine (ipsilaterally) -rotation of spine (ipsilaterally) |
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What are the pros and cons of a static postural assessment? |
Pro: provides good indicators of problem areas
Con: may not be able to specifically identify if problem is structural or biomechanical |
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What is altered reciprocal inhibition? |
Tight overactive muscles decrease drive to antagonists |
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What is altered reciprocal inhibition? |
Tight overactive muscles decrease drive to antagonists |
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What is synergistic dominance? |
Synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover |
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Sitting at a computer leads to tightness an/or weakness of which muscles? |
Tight: psoas Underactive: glutes |
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Swimmers display what type of posture? |
Kyphosis |
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Sitting at a computer leads to tightness an/or weakness of which muscles? |
Tight: psoas Underactive: glutes |
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What are the kinetic chain checkpoints? |
-Feet/ankles -knees -LPH complex -Shoulders -Head/cervical spine |
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From the posterior view of a neutral static posture analysis how far should the scapulae be apart? |
3-4 inches apart |
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Pelvic asymmetry may lead to? |
Gradual intervertebral disc degeneration (herniations) |
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What is lowered crossed syndrome? |
-increased lumbar lordosis -anterior pelvic tilt -Hamstring strain, Anterior knee pain, low back pain |
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What is spondylolysis? |
-stress fracture -take place in the L5 -repetitive axial loading and rotation in an extended lumbar spine |
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What is upper crossed syndrome? |
-rounded shoulders -forward head -headaches, biceps tendinitis, rotator cuff impingement, thoracic outlet syndrome |
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What is pronation distortion syndrome? |
-foot pronation (flat feet) -knee flexion, internal rotation, adduction -plantar fasciitis, shin splints, patellar tendinitis, low back pain |
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Why are women at higher risk of ACL injury |
-greater Q angle -differing muscle activation between sexes |
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What is Pattelofemoral pain syndrome? |
-Generalized complaints of anterior knee pain -malalignment in the patella |
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What does flat back posture lead to? |
Gradual intervertebral disk degeneration |
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What will compensatory patterns lead to? |
-tissue injury -limit maximal performance |
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What does the FSM require? |
-muscle strength, flexibility, ROM, coordination, balance, and proprioception |
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Which FSM tests require clearance tests? |
-Shoulder mobility -Trunk stability -Rotary stability |
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What tests make up the FSM? |
-Deep squat -Hurdle step -In-line lunge -Shoulder mobility -Active straight leg raise -Trunk stability push-up -Rotary stability |
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What does a positive score on the FMS clearance tests entail? |
Pain was felt and test is recorded as 0 |
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What is the purpose of the deep squat? |
Assess bilateral, symmetrical, mobility of the ankles, knees, and hips |
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What does lifting the heels in a deep squat do? |
-Decreases the stretch required from the soleus -Alters the clients center of gravity forward -If squat improves = foot & ankle dysfunction -if no improvement= LPHC dysfunction |
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What is the purpose of performing a hurdle step? |
-Assesses bilateral mobility & stability of the hips, knees & ankles |
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What is the purpose of an In-Line Lunge?
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-Assesses bilateral mobility and stability, as well as ankle and knee stability |
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What is the purpose of the shoulder mobility test? |
-Assess bilateral shoulder range of motion combining internal rotation with adduction and external rotation with abduction |
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What is the purpose of the active straight leg raise? |
-Assess active hamstring and gastroc/soleus flexibility, while maintaining a stable pelvis |
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What is the purpose of a stability push-up? |
-Assess trunk stability in sagittal plane while a symmetrical upper extremity motion is performed |
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What is the purpose of the rotary stability test? |
-Assess multi-planar stability while a combined upper and lower extremity motion is performed
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What is the order of addressing issues in the FMS? |
-All 0's first -Asymetrical 1's -symetrical 1's -Asymmetrical 2's -Symmetrical 2's |
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What order to prioritize corrective exercises? |
1) shoulder mobility/active straight leg raise 2) trunk stability push up-/rotary stability 3) deep squat/ hurdle step/ inline lunge |
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What to look for in a gait analysis (anterior view) |
-knees should be in line with toes -either genu varus or valgus |
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What to look for in a gait analysis (lateral view) |
-lower back shoulders and head |
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What to look for in a gait analysis (posterior view) |
-feet and LPHC |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when feet flatten? |
Overactive: peroneals, lateral gastroc under active: posterior and anterior tibialis |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when knees move inward
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Overactive: Adductors, glute med, TFL, medial hamstring Under active: Gluteus med (post fibers) and max, biceps femoris |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when the low back arches?
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Overactive: HFC, erector spinae, lats Underactive: core stabilizers, glute max, hamstrings |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when the shoulders are rounded? |
Overactive: Pecs, lats, subscapularis, teres major Underactive: Mid/lower traps, rhomboids, teres minor, infraspinatus |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when feet turn out? |
Overactive: Biceps femoris, glute max and med Underactive: glute min, adductor complex |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when excessive pelvic rotation? |
Overactive: Internal oblique, external oblique Underactive: core stabilizers, glutes |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when hip hikes occur? |
Overactive: QL (opposite to stance leg), glute med (same side as stance leg( Underactive: adductor complex (same side as stance leg) |
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What are the different types of foot strikes? |
-Neutral -Over-pronation -Severe over-pronation -Supination |
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Who are cushion shoes meant for? |
Good for people who supinate or are neutral |
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What are the characteristics of a cushion shoe? |
-Most flexible, well cushioned -do not have medial support -have a curve last shape -little support in the heel box |
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Who are stability shoes good for? |
for pronation and neutral |
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What are the characteristics of stability shoes? |
- includes a medial post -increased stiffness in heel -less curve last shape |
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Who are motion control shoes for? |
For severe over pronators |
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What are the characteristics of motion control shoes? |
-heavy medial support -have a straight last -very firm heel |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when a hip drop occurs?
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Overactive: adductor complex Underactive: glute med, QL |
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What is Trendelenburg sign? |
Hip drop, because of glute med weakness |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when elbows flex in abduction test? |
Overactive: Biceps Underactive: Triceps Brachii |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when shoulders protract in abduction test? |
Overactive: Pec major/minor. anterior delt Underactive: Teres minor, infraspinatus, posterior deltoid, rhomboids, mid traps |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when shoulders elevate in abduction test? |
Overactive: Upper trapezius, levator scapulae Underactive: mid/lower trapezius, rhomboids |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when hands are far from wall (external rotation) in shoulder rotation test? |
Overactive: subscapularis, teres major, pec major, lats Underactive: teres minor, infraspinatus |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when hands are far from wall (internal rotation) in shoulder rotation test? |
Overactive: Teres minor, infraspinatus Underactive: subscapularis, teres major |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when shoulders protract in the rotation test? |
Overactive: teres minor, infraspinatus Underactive: Subscapularis, teres major |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when elbows flex during shoulder flexion test? |
Overactive: Biceps, lats, teres major, pec major Underactive: triceps |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when low back arches off the wall in shoulder flexion test? |
Overactive: Lats, Erector spinae, pec major Underactive: core stabilizers |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when low back arches in a standing row? |
Overactive: Hip flexors, erector spinae, lats Underactive: core stabilizers |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when head migrates forward in a standing row? |
Overactive: Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid Underactive: deep cervical flexors |
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What muscles are overactive / under active when arms migrate forward in a standing overhead dumbbell press? |
Overactive: Lats, pec major/minor, anterior deltoid Underactive: Mid/lower trapezius, posterior deltoid, rhomboids |
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During the thomas test what muscle is tight if the suspended leg lifts up? |
Tight psoas |
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During the thomas test what muscle is tight if knee extends? |
Rectus femoris |
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During the thomas test what muscle is tight if abduction and internal rotation |
TFL |
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What is the scoring system range for manual muscle testing? |
0-5 |
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