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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is used to resynthesize ATP?
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Oxidative Phosphorylation
Fats, Carbs, or proteins can be used. |
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What is the Cori cycle?
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Remove lactate from muscle and use as fuel source.
Lactate Clearance Muscle fiber type Exercise duration Training status Fatigue (pH, contraction) |
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According to lungs what is parietal?
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covers diaphragm and thoracic wall
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According to lungs what is visceral?
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covers external lung surface
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According to lungs what is Pleural cavity?
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contains fluid that acts as a lubricant gliding of lungs over thorax wall
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what is the conducting zone?
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conducts air to respiratory zone. it saturates with water, warms, so lungs won't dry out.
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what is the respiratory zone?
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exchange of gases between air and blood.
300 million tiny aveoli = total surface area available for diffusion of 30-80 square meters which is about the size of a tennis court. |
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Inspiration
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Diaphragm pushes downward, lowering intrapulmonary pressure
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Expiration
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Diaphragm relaxes, raising intrapulmonary pressure
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Resistance to airflow
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Largely determined by airway diameter
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what are the muscles of inspiration?
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sternocleidomastoid
scalenes external intercostals internal intercostals diaphragm |
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what are the muscles of expiration?
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internal intercostals
external abdominal obliques internal abdominal obliques transversus abdominis rectus abdominis |
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Tidal Volume (TV)
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Volume of air inspired and expired with each normal breath
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Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
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Volume of air that can be expired by forceful expiration beyond normal tidal expiration
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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
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Volume of air that can be inspired beyond normal TV
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Residual Volume (RV)
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Volume of air that remains in the lungs after the most forceful expiration
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what is forceful respiration?
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includes relaxing diaphragm; forcibly = obliques (abdomen), internal intercostals (run opposite angle to external intercostal- btwn ribs), latissimus dosi (back) to make the chest cavity smaller
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what is minute ventilation?
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Volume of gas expired in 1 minute
tidal volumexbreathing frequency Rest = 7.5 L/min TV = 500mL or .5L BF = 15 Mx Exercise = 120 – 175 L/min TV = 3-3.5 BF = 40 - 50 |
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what does myoglobin do?
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(Mb) shuttles O2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria
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what does hemoglobin do?
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binds according to partial pressures of oxygen (PO2)
Lungs: PO2 = RBCs saturated with O2 Tissue: PO2 = O2 unbinds (dissociates) |
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what are the functions of the circulatory system?
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1. Transport O2 and nutrients to tissues.
2. Removal of waste products from tissue.(CO2, lactate etc) 3. Regulation of body temperature. (Sweat) |
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what are the three layers of the heart?
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Epicardium. (outter)
Myocardium. (muscle middle layer) Endocardium. (protective inner layer) |
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what does the coronary arteries do?
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take blood to the myocardium.
This is where heart attacks occur |
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Trace blood through the heart.
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comes through vena cava--> Right Atrium--> tricuspid valve-->Right ventricle--> Pulmonary valve--> Pulmonary arteries--> Lungs--> back to heart from Pulm. veins--> Left Atrium--> Mitral Valve--> Left Ventrical--> aortic valve--> aorta--> all of body
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what are intercalated discs?
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“leaky” membrane that connects heart muscle cells and permits the transmission of electrical impulses from one cell to another.
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what is automaticity?
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cardiac muscle generates its own electrical impulse (spontaneous electrical activity)
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what is diastolic?
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Describes the pressure in the heart when it is in the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.
Ventricles are filling |
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what is systolic?
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Pressure in the heart when it is contracting and pushing blood out to the body.
Ventricles are emptying |
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what is stroke volume and what is the equation?
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Amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each heart beat. the equation is: normal is 70ml/min
SV ml/beat = Amount available (EDV) – Amount left (ESV) refer to slide to see chart |
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what is cardiac output and what is its equation?
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Amount of blood pumped each minute. and its equation is: normal is 5L/min
CO L/Min = SV (ml/beat) x Heart Rate (bpm) 70 ml /beat 70 bpm |
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What is physical fitness?
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Ability of the body to adjust to the demands and stresses of physical effort, thought to measure one’s physical health
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what is physical activity?
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“any movement carried out by the skeletal muscles requiring energy”
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what is exercise?
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is a subset of Physical Activity that are planned, structured, usually repeatative bodily movements and designed to improve or maintain Physical Fitness.
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what are the components of physical fitness?
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*muscular strength
*muscular endurance *flexibility *cardiorespiratory endurance *Body composition *Psychomotor Ability |
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muscular strength is-
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: Ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance, commonly measured as a maximal value
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muscular endurance-
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: Ability of a given muscle to sustain a given level of force, or to contract and relax repeatedly at a given resistance (resist fatigue)
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cardio respiratory endurance-
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Ability to produce energy through an improved delivery of oxygen to the working muscles.
Provide oxygen to the tissues during prolonged moderate to high intensity exercise |
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flexibility-
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Ability of a joint to move through its full range of motion (ROM)
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body composition-
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Chemical composition of the body
Fat mass and fat free mass |
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psychomotor ability-
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Ability to integrate the workings of the central nervous system with the physical components of fitness
Reaction-time, anticipation, visual skills, hand-eye coordination, balance, decision making, concentration |
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what is overload?
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for a training effect to occur a system must be challenged – intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise from which it is unnaccustomed
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what is specificity?
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– “you play the way you practice” .The response to exercise is specific to the nature or type of exercise performed. specific muscle fibers activated, type of activity – mitochondrial/capillary adaptations and contractile protein adaptations
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what is reversibility?
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use it or lose, gains are quickly lost
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what is a VO2 max?
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Max ability to take in and use O2 to produce energy aerobically.
VO2max = HRmax x SVmax x (a-vO2)max |
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what is an absolute VO2 max?
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(L/min). it is a comparison within people of the same group.
ex) athletes who play soccer. |
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what is a relative VO2 max?
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(ml/kg/min). comparison between different athletes playing different sports.
ex) a tennis player to a football player |
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Factors that increase SV. (stroke volume)
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-Filling time and venous return
-end diastolic volume(preload) -contractility -total peripheral resistance(afterload) |
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what are the benefits to field testing?
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Can test Large Amounts of people at low cost.
Physiological responses easy to measure. Motivation |
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what are the components of fitness program? (FITT)
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-Training time
-Intensity of training -Frequency of training -Type of exercise |
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what is training volume?
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sum total of work performed during training session or phase. Measurement depends upon activity
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what are the components of a work out session?
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Warm-up
Increases cardiac output, blood flow to skeletal muscle, and muscle temperature Believed to reduce risk of injury Workout Cool-down Return blood “pooled” in muscles to central circulation |
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what is fartlek training?
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a combination of long and slow distances with variables of speeds and distances
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how do you find heart rate max?
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subtract your age from 220
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how do you find target heart rate?
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to get THR you multiply your HR from 65% and 90% and subtract the two out comes
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