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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Example of a metabolic equation to estimate gross VO2 |
S + 0.2 + S x G x 0.9 + 3.5 (resting VO2) Where s=speed in m/min g= grade (% incline) in decimal form |
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Cycling ergometry EE calculation concept |
Works similar to a treadmill test First have to calculate energy cost of cycling at the specified power output: VO2 = work rate / body mass x 1.8 Add estimated cost of cycling at 0 load (3.5 ml/kg/min) Add estimated REE: 3.5 ml/kg/min |
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Submaximal exercise testing assumptions |
-steady state HR is achieved -linear relationship between VO2 and HR -mechanical efficiency is the same for all subjects -HR Max for subjects of a given age is similar |
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Modified Bruce exercise testing |
Starts at 1.7mph at 0% incline for 3 min. then increase incline 5% at 3 and 6 min, then 2% increase after every 3 min. speed increase is variable |
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Open circuit spirometry ambient air concentrations |
20.93 % Oxygen 0.03% CO2 79.04% nitriogen |
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Open circuit spirometry: expired air concentration ranges |
Less Oxygen: ~15-18% More CO2: 2.5-5% More nitrogen: 79.04-79.6% |
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A computer spirometry interfaces with 3 instruments: |
-system to continuously sample expired air volume -O2 and CO2 analyzers to measure expired gas mixtures |
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RQ for carbohydrates |
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6 H2O 6CO2 / 6O2 =1 |
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RQ for fats |
(contains more H & C than O) Example of palmitic acid: C6H32O2 + 23O -->16CO2 + 16H2O 16CO2 + 23O2 =0.696 **ranges from 0.69-0.73 depending on FA's carbon chain length |
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RQ for protein |
proteins do not simply oxidize to CO2 and H2O AA are deaminated int he liver and S and N are excreted remaining keto acids oxidize to CO2 and H2O, which require more oxygen in relation to CO2 C72H111O22S + 77O2 --> 63CO2 + 38H2O + SO3 + 9CO(NH2)2 63CO2 / 77O2 =0.818 (0.82) |
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VO2 max equation assumptions |
Linearity of HR-VO2 relationship Similar maximum HR for all subjects Assumed constant economy or mechanicalefficiency during exercise Small day to day variations in HR (+/- 5bpm)Method is with 10-20 of real values |
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Haldane transformation asumptions |
1.AmbientAir –FIO2 =20.93% –FIN2 =79.04% -FICO2 =0.03% ~ 0 (ignore it) 2.FIN2 + FIO2 = 1 3.FEN2 + FEO2 + FECO2 = 1 4.VI*FIN2 = VE*FEN2 (N2 isinert gas) |
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STPD values |
Volumeof Gas expressed under Standard Conditions of –Temperature (273K or 0°C) –Pressure(760 mmHg or 1 atm) –Dry(no water vapor) |
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Mixed macronutritents kcal burned in bomb calorimeter, RQ, and kcals/ L VO2 |
Carbohydrate 4.1/1.0/ 5.05 Fat 9.3/0.7/ 4.73 Protein 5.7/0.82/ 4.46 Mixed diet: RQ = 0.84 kcal/L O2 = 4.83 |
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In what situations might RER not equal RQ? |
-hyperventilation (increased CO2), RER>1.00 -metabolic acidosis (increased CO2), RER>1.00 -gain in BF through excess CHO. CHO --> fat liberates O2 -Exhaustive activity: lactate buffering. Carbonic acid degrades to CO2 and H2O -non-steady state exercise (decrease VO2) -Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption |
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BSA (m2)= |
H^0.725 x W^0.425 x 0.007184 |
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1 L O2 consumed = ___ kcal |
5 |
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What is a MET and what is it equal to? |
Metabolic equivalent of task ratio of metaboilc rate during a speciic task in reference to resting metabolic rate (3.5 mlO2/kg/min) 1 MET= 1 kcal/kg/hour 4.184kJ/kg/h for the "average" person |
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MET value accuracy may be lowest in which groups of individuals? |
low fit, overweight, and older individuals |
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Kidneys excrete 1 g of urinary nitrogen from every ___g of protein metabolized for energy |
5.57 (new value) or 6.25 (old value) |
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Each gram of N excreted = how many L O2 and CO2? |
4.8L CO2 produced 6.0L O2 consumed |
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1 Joule = 1 kJ = ___kcal |
1 joule = energy expended when 1 kg is moved 1m by a force of 1 newton 1kJ = 0.239kcal |
