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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabolism
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Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body
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Anabolic reactions
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Synthesis of molecules
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Catabolic reactions
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Breakdown of molecules
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Bioenergetics
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Converting food stuffs (fats, proteins, carbs) into energy (ATP)
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Cell membrane contains?
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receptors for neurotransmitters and hormones
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Types of cellular proteins (5)
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- enzymes for energy and other pathways
-structural proteins like collagen - Contractile proteins, like actin, myosin, troponin - Transport - Regulatory |
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Glycolysis
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Breakdown of glucose molecules
1 glucose= 2 ATP as end product |
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Glycogen
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Stored form of glucose (skeletal muscle, liver)
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Glycogenesis
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glycogen --> glucose
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Glycogenolysis
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Breaking down glucose
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Krebs cycle
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Uses proteins (amino acids), fats, and carbs to make acytol CoA
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Where is the electron transport chain?
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Fixed to the membrane of mitochondria
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Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
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Mitochondria
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Where do glycolysis and phosphagens take place?
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Cytoplasm
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Does NADH or FADH produce more ATP?
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NADH- 3 ATP, FADH- 2 ATP
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What is the final acceptor in the electron transport chain?
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Oxygen, created H2O with H+ left
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How much ATP is produced through glycolysis aerobically and anaerobically?
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Lactic acid (anaerobically) - 2 ATP
Aerobically - 36 ATP |
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How are fats used to produce energy?
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Through glycolysis can only be used aerobically
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What is the common entry point for aerobic energy production?
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Aceytol CoA
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Enzymes
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proteins (made in cells) can increase production for more energy
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What is the rest VO2 for humans?
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3.5 mL/kg/min
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Oxygen deficit
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Spending O2 you can't supply
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Oxygen debt
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Payed back for what was used
(EPOC)- lasts min to hours |
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What are the 2 parts of EPOC?
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Rapid portion- phosphocreatine being re-synthesized
Slow portion- higher body temp, heart rate, and adrenaline |
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Depletion
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decrease significantly (don't want to deplete ATP, muscle glycogen)
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Factors contributing to EPOC (6)
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- resynthesis of PC in muscle
- lactate --> glucose - Restoration of muscle and blood O2 stores - increase body temp - Post- exercise elevation of HR and breathing - elevated hormones |
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Lactate threshold
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Around 50-70% body produces LOTS of lactate suddenly
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OBLA
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Onset of blood lactate accumulation (at 4 ml/L) for blood lactate concentration
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Anaerobic threshold
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stressed aerobic system more than it can handle, would have to slow down or stop soon after threshold is reached
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Causes of lactate threshold (4)
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-Low muscle O2
-Accelerated glycolysis -recruitment of fast-twitch fibers -reduced rate of lactate removal |
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Physical activity
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Any movement
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Exercise
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Formal for health, heart, training, ect
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Acute exercise
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Anything you do immediately (movement)
- Short term immediate |
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Exercise training
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Repeated acute exercising
- raise in temp, heart rate, BP |
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Adaptations
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Long- term response to repeated exercise (physical, biochemical)
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Energy
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ATP (direct) capacity to do work
-forms - chemical, heat, mechanical, light, electrical, nervous, muscle |
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Work
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Physical
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Power
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work/time (need to know load, force, distance)
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Pyruvic acid
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turns into lactic acid without O2, if stays aerobic it turns into acytol CoA
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Free fatty acids
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used as fuel for energy systems
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Beta oxidation
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whole process of burning fats aerobically
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Power of system
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How quickly
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Absolute VO2
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no weight component, raw score
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Relative VO2
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includes weight, can compare change in person
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MET
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metabolic equivalent, resting O2 consumption rate
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Non- protein respiratory exchange ration (RQ)
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fats and carbs used during exercise based on intensity and VO2
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