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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excretory Systems |
Control volume, concentration, and composition of extracellular fluid |
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Osmolarity |
The number of moles of osmotically active solutes per liter of solvent |
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Urine |
The output of the excretory system |
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Excretory Processes |
Filtration, secretion, reabsorption |
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Filtration |
Removes cells and large molecules |
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Secretion |
Modifies the filtrate |
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Reabsorption |
Concentrates the urine |
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Ammonia |
NH3 Most common nitrogenous waste Toxic Must be exerted or continuously converted Water soluble |
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Ammonotelic |
Secrete ammonia through gills |
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Ureotelic |
Excrete urea, water losses
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Uricotelic |
Excrete uric acid, little water loss
Humans |
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Nitrogenous Waste |
Products of the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids |
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Movement of Water |
No active transport Due to pressure differences and solute concentrations |
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Kidneys |
Main excretory organ Production of urine more concentrated than ECF |
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Nephron |
Functional unit of the excretory system Filters blood Bulk reabsorption |
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Glomerulus |
Ball of capillaries Blood pressure drives movement of water and small solutes out of glomerular capillaries |
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Renal Tubule |
Tubular reabsorption Glomerular filtrate flows in, modified by reabsorption of specific ions, nutrients, and water |
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Tubular Secretion |
Tubule cells transport substances to be excreted into the glomerular filtrate |
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Afferent Arteriole |
Where blood enters glomerular capillaries |
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Efferent Arteriole |
Where blood exits glomerular capillaries |
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Peritubular Capillaries |
Surround renal tubes Transport substances to and from renal tubes |
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Bowman's Capsule |
Encloses the glomerulus Begins renal tubule |
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Ureter |
A duct from the kidney that leads to the urinary bladder |
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Urethra |
A tube for urine excretion from the urinary bladder |
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Renin |
Secreted when glomerular filtration rate is not constant Activates angiotensin |
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Angiotensin |
Constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure |
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Vasa Recta |
Network of capillaries parallel to loop of hence and connecting duct |
