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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excretory System |
excretion of urine (KIDNEY)
co2 release at lungs
liver making bile |
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Kidney Function |
Homeostasis -pH -Blood Pressure -Osmolarity -Excretion of waste products(urea)
Filtration -filters waste products from blood
Collection collects nutrients from blood
Functional Unit
Nephron -responsible for collection and filtration situated between renal medulla and cortex |
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Urinary Pathway |
Urine flows out of kidney into ureter
urine gets stored in bladder
urine leave body through urethra |
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Kidney Anatomy |
Nephron -functional unit -houses glomerulus and bowmans capsule -produces urine which is expelled via collecting duct
Renal Cortex -outermost portion of kidney
Renal Medulla -inner most portion of kidney -high osmolarity (solute concentration high)
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Kidney Regulating Hormones |
ADH (vassopresin)
-antidiruetic hormone -works on the collecting duct and DCT
Vasopressin -released by pituitary when blood volume is low, low blood volume=low BP -concentrates urine at DCT by reabsorbing water
Aldosterone (steroid hormone)
-produced in adrenal cortex in response to low BP -increases sodium reabsorbption in the DCT while spitting out potassium, pushing water back into blood |
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Loop of Henle |
from the PCT the LOH dips down into renal medulla
Countercurrent Multiplier
1) Descending Limb -permeable to water -water is reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries because we have excess water to get rid of
2) Ascending Limb -fluid is more concentrated after water removal in in the descending limb making sodium chloride active diffusion easy -solute pumped into medulla creating high osmolarity |
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Fluid flow PCT and DCT |
1) 150 liters/day exits glomerulus capillaries into bowmans capsule
2) Fluid gets reabsorbed in the PCT
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
peritubular capillary reabsorbtion of fluid (sodium,ions,urea,water) using oncotic pressure
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Selective secretion lets us concentrate certain things in our urine such as potassium, ions, organic toxins
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THE BIG PICTURE |
Glomerulus
-only place in the kidney that filters
-mass of capillaries where nutrient rich plasma gets filtered
-Afferent Artery: comes in to the glomerulus
-Efferent Artery: comes out of the glomerulus, hits another set of capillaries surrounding the nephron called the peritubular capillaries
Filtration Rate -hydrostatic pressure is high which forces fluid out of the capillaries into the lumen of the nephron at bowmans capsule -bwomans capusle collects filtrate and sends it to PCT
-capillaries can be adjusted
-increased blood flow from afferent artery causes increased glomerulus filtration
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