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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kidney
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Each of a pair of organs in the abdominal cavity of mammals, birds, and reptiles, excreting urine.
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Ureters
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The duct by which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder.
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Bladder
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A membranous sac in which urine is collected for excretion.
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Urethra
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The duct by which urine is conveyed out of the body from the bladder, and which in male vertebrates also conveys semen.
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Nephrons
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Each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine.
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Glomerulus
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A cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood.
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Bowman's Capsule
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A capsule-shaped membranous structure surrounding the glomerulus of each nephron in the kidneys of mammals that extracts wastes, excess salts, and water from the blood.
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Loop of Henle
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The part of a kidney tubule that forms a long loop in the medulla of the kidney, from which water and salts are resorbed into the blood.
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Collecting Duct
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In the kidneys, a large pipe-like channel arising from the tubule connected to the Bowman's capsule in the nephron; functions as a water conservation device, reabsorbing water from the filtrate in the nephron.
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Proximal Tubule
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In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle; main function is reabsorption of water and solutes as well as secretion of hydrogen ions.
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Distal Tube
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In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the loop of Henle and the proximal tubule; main function is reabsorption of water and solutes and secretion of various substances.
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Antiduretic Hormone (ADH)
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Hormone regulated by the hyphothalamus and released by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct in the nephrons of the kidneys allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood from the filtrate.
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Aldosterone
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A type of mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium to the bloodstream which is followed by passive absorption of water and chloride.
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Renal Artery
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Blood vessel that originates from the aorta and delivers blood to the kidneys; spits into a fine network of capillaries (glomerulus) within the Bowman's capsule of the nephron.
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Renal Vein
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Blood vessel that drains from the kidneys; returns the solutes and water reabsorbed by the kidney, to the body.
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Myofibrils
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One of hundreds of thousands of cylindrical subunits that make up a skeletal muscle cell (fibre.)
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Actin
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Protein that along with myosin, is the chief component of muscle; makes up the thin filament of a muscle fibre, also a main component of the cellular cytoskeleton.
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Myosin
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Protein that along with actin, is the chief component of muscle; makes up the thick filament of the muscle fibre.
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Creatine Phosphate
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A high energy compound that regenerates ATP in muscle cells.
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Slow-twitch Fibres
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Muscle fibre that produces most of its energy aerobically, contracts slowly but can maintain a steady prolonged production of ATP when oxygen is available, also called type 1 fibre.
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Fast-twitch Fibres
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Muscle fibre that produces most of its energy anaerobically, adapted for the rapid generation of power, but dependance on anaerobically produced energy results in vulnerability to accumulation of lactate causing rapid fatigue, also called type 2 fibre.
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