Excretery And Muscular System

Front 1

Kidneys

Back 1

In vertebrae’s, one of a pair of organs that filters waste from the blood (which is excreted in urine) and adjusts the concentrations of salts in the blood.

Front 2

Ureters

Back 2

In mammals, a pair of muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Front 3

Bladder

Back 3

A membranous sac in humans and other animals, in which urine is collected for excretion

Front 4

Urethra

Back 4

Tube through which urine exits the bladder and the body

Front 5

Nephrons

Back 5

Microscopic tube like filtration unit found in the kidneys that filters and reabsorbs various substances from the blood; produces urine

Front 6

Glomerulus

Back 6

In the kidney, a fine network of capillaries within the bowman’s capsule of the nephron; arising from the renal artery, the walls of the glomerulus act as a filtration device

Front 7

Bowman’s Capsule

Back 7

In the kidney, cap like formation at the top of each nephron that serves as a filtration structure; surrounds the glomerulus

Front 8

Collecting Duct

Back 8

In the kidneys, large, pipe like channel arising from the tubule connecting to the Bowman’s capsule in the nephron; functions as a water conservation device, reabsorbing water from the filtrate in the nephron

Front 9

Proximal Tubule

Back 9

In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the Bowman’s capsule and the loop of henle; main function is re-absorption of water and solutes, as well as secretion of hydrogen ions

Front 10

Loop of Henle

Back 10

In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the proximal tubule and the distal tubule; main function is re-absorption of water and ions

Front 11

Distal Tubule

Back 11

In the kidney, tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the loop of henle and the proximal tubule; main function is re-absorption of water and solutes, and secretion of various substances

Front 12

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Back 12

Hormone regulated by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland that increases the permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct in the nephrons of the kidneys, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood from the filtrate

Front 13

Aldesterone

Back 13

A type of minerslocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the bloodstream, which is followed by the passive absorption of water and chloride

Front 14

Renal Artery

Back 14

Blood vessel that originates from the aorta and delivers blood to the kidneys; split into a fine network of capillaries (the glomerulus) within the bowman’s capsule of the nephrons

Front 15

Renal Vein

Back 15

Blood vessel that drains from the kidney; returns to the body the solutes and water reabsorbed by the kidney

Front 16

Afferent Arteriole

Back 16

The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessels that supply the nephrons in many excretory systems. They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism

Front 17

Efferent Arteriole

Back 17

The efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. The efferent arterioles form from a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus. They play an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in blood pressure

Front 18

Myofibril

Back 18

one of hundreds of thousands of cylindrical subunits that make up a skeletal muscle cell

Front 19

actin

Back 19

protein that, along with myosin, is the chief component of muscle; makes up the thin filament of a muscle fibre; also a main component of the cellular cytosketeton

Front 20

myosin

Back 20

protein that, along with actin, is the chief component of muscle; makes up the thin filament of a muscle fibre

Front 21

cretine phosphate

Back 21

a high-energy compound that regenerates ATP in muscle cells

Front 22

Slow-twitch muscle fibres

Back 22

a muscle fibre that produces most of its energy aerobically; contracts slowly but can maintain a steady, prolonged production of ATP when oxygen is available.

Front 23

Fast-twitch muscle fibres

Back 23

a muscle that produces most of its energy anaerobically; adapted for the rapid generation of power, but dependance on anaerobically produced energy results in vulnerability to accumulation of lactate, causing rapid fatigue