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645 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Sociology students are asked to participate in an experiment. The researcher gives them a paper which is likely about: |
a. demographic data |
informed consent |
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The developmental domain that includes the individual's acquisition of stable and enduring traits and sense of self is... |
a. cognitive domain |
personality domain
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In child development there are... |
a. critical and sensitive periods
b. critical periods only c. sensitive periods only |
critical and sensitive periods
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Cohort effects are concerned with people of different...
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a. economic groups
b. age groups c. religous groups |
age groups
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Which social scientist conducted the Little Albert experiment? |
a. Albert Bandura
b. J.B. Watson c. B.F. Skinner |
J.B. Watson
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Until the middle ages, children were treated as...
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a. not useful for work
b. miniature adults c. equal with adults |
miniature adults
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Human development is a process that... |
a. begins at birth and ends at death
b. begins at conception and ends at birth c. begins at birtth and ends at adulthood |
begins at birth and ends at death |
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In a human development context, culture is... |
a. fads, fashions, and trends
b. values, ideas, and opinions c. belief, norms, practices, and ethnicity |
belief, norms, practices, and ethnicity
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In a human development context, society is... |
a. a geographic group with loose interactions
b. an organized group of interacting people c. separate groups that live in the same area |
an organized group of interacting people
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The assumption that what we hold as beliefs and customs is right and that other views are wrong is called... |
a. ethnocentric bias
b. heliocentric belief c. philantropic tendency |
ethnocentric bias
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Which type of research gathers a large amount of data on an individual, family, or community as the basis? |
a. Longitudinal study
b. Survey c. Case study |
Case study
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Which type of research uses the paper-and-pencil method to gather information on a group? |
a. Longitudinal study
b. Survey c. Case study |
Survey
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An internet survey open to anyone is an example of data that is...
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a. representative
b. random c. not random or representative. |
not random or representative
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Maturation and learning function... |
a. independently
b. independently and together c. always together |
independently and together
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Systematic observations can be done in a naturalistic setting such as...
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a. children in a playground
b. children who know the researcher is watching c. children who are guided in an activity by the teacher |
children in a playground |
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If a test measures effectively in repeated use, it is...
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a. reliable
b. valid c. standardized |
reliable
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If a test measures what it claims to measure, then it is... |
a. reliable
b. valid c. standardized |
reliable
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A test that tracks the achievement of a specific group of children from first grade through high school graduation is a... |
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal design c. sequential-cohort design |
longitudinal design
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A test that has norms based on a representative sample is... |
a. reliable
b. valid c. standardized |
standardized
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A study of the average SAT scores of students admitted to a certain university system in 2000, 2002, and 2004 is a...
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a. cross-sectional design
b. longitudinal design c. sequential-cohort design |
cross-sectional design |
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A study of reading progress for kindergarteners and first graders in which each group is studied two years over a ten year period is a... |
a. cross-sectional design
b. longitudinal design c. sequential-cohort design |
sequential-cohort design
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What element is manipulated in a group experimental design?
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a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable c. Contingency |
Independent variable
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What element may or may not show an effect as a result of manipulation of another variable?
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a. Dependent variable
b. Independent variable c. Contingency |
Dependent variable
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In research with human subjects, participants must be protected from... |
a. discomfort
b. knowing the purpose c. harm |
harm
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The observed behavior before an experiment begins is the...
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a. contingency
b. baseline c. conditioning |
baseline |
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An important difference between the cognitive-development theories of Paiget and Vygotsky is that Vygotsky placed greater emphasis on what?
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a. The causal role of social factors
b. the causal role of maturation factors c. infant development d.development during adolescence |
The causal role of social factors
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Researchers set up a controlled environment to elicit a specific behavior. This is called... |
a. labratory observation
b. naturalistic observation c. case study d. field observation |
labratory observation
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A longitudinal study does what?
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a. studies diferent people over time
b. studies time intervals c. studies people who live far away d. studies the same people over time |
Studies the same people over time
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Amother nags her son until he cleans his room. later that month when his room becomes messy again, the son spontaneously cleans up his room because he doesn't want to be nagged. the mother's nagging is an example of...
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a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement c. punishment d. intermittent reinforcement |
negative reinforcement
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A random sample is...
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a. asking your class to draw names out of a hat
b. generated in such a way that everyone has an equal chance at being selected c. talking to random people on the street d. studying the people who live in your building |
generated in such a way that everyone has an equal chance at being selected
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The law of effect refers to what researcher's work?
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a. John B. Watson
b. Thorndike c. Freud d. B.F. Skinner |
Thorndike
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Which theorist did NOT develop a stage theory?
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a. Freud
b. Paiget c. Skinner d. Erikson |
Skinner
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Which developmental domain is involved with acquiring problem solving skills and learning new information?
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a. cognitive
b. personality c. physical d. cultural |
cognitive
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Which theoretical perspective believes that development is based on intrinsic sources of motivation?
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a. humanism
b. psychodynamic c. ethological d. cognitive |
humanism
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The Zone of Proximal development was developed by...
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a. Piaget
b. Vygotsky c. Skinner d. Thorndike |
Vygotsky
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Time out is a disciplinary technique based on the principles of...
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a. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning c. observational learning d. habituation |
operant conditioning
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Cohort effects are concerned with people of different...
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a. ethnic backgrounds
b. cultures c. age groupings d. socioeconomic backgrounds |
age groupings
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in order to study the effects of music on memory, a researcher has one group of students listen to music while studying a list of words and another group study the same list without listening to music. In this experiment, the number of words each subject can remember would be... |
a. the independent variable
b. a placebo c. manipulated by the experimenter d. the dependent variable |
the dependent variable
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According to Jean Piaget, cognitive development begins with which of the following...
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a. preoperational thought
b. concrete operations c. sensorimotor activities d. formal operations |
sensorimotor activities
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the extent to which our behavior is influenced by heredity and by the environment is known as the __________ controversy.
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a. stability vs. change
b. nature vs. nurture c. rationality vs. irrationality d. continuous vs. discontinuous |
nature vs. nurture
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A case study may involve which of the following...
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a. compilation of large amounts of data
b. materials from family members c. psychological testing d. all of the above |
all of the above |
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Dr. Smith believes that all behavior - both abnormal and normal- is learned. She is not interested in the persons mind; she studies only what is observable and measurable. Dr. Smith takes what approach to psychology?
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a. behavioral
b. psychodymamic c. humanistic d. biological |
behavioral
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Albert Bandura's approach to personality is referred to as...
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a. symbolic interaction theory
b. attribution theory c. self-disclosure theory d. social learning theory |
social learning theory
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Which of the following theorists created the ecological model of human development?
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a. Freud
b. Vygotsky c. Bronfenbrenner d. Darwin |
Bronfenbrenner
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If reinforcement is to be most effective in learning, it should be...
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a. provided as sparingly as possible
b. used on a regular basis c. provided soon after the desired behavior occurs d. used primarily with high achievers |
provided soon after the desired behavior occurs |
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Active development is organismic: passive development is...
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a. structural
b. mechanistic c. automatic |
mechanistic
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Psychodynamic approaches focus on __________ workings of the mind as played out against _________ reality.
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a. internal, subjective
b. mature, immature c. inner, external |
inner, external
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In Freudian psychoanalysis, what does the Id represent?
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a. Conscience which includes the ideal
b. Primitive, hedonistic component of personality c. Conscous, reality-oriented component |
Primitive, hedonistic component of personality
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In Freudian psychoanalysis, what does the Ego represent?
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a. Conscience which includes the ideal
b. Primitive, hedonistic component of personality c. Conscous, reality-oriented component |
Conscous, reality-oriented component
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In Freudian psychoanalysis, what does the Superego represent?
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a. Conscience which includes the ideal
b. Primitive, hedonistic component of personality c. Conscous, reality-oriented component |
Conscience which includes the ideal
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Catharsis with aggression is...
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a. always healthy
b. never healthy c. healthy within limits |
healthy within limits
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The Psychosexual Stage where elimination is the focus is...
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a. oral
b. anal c. genital |
anal
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The Oedipus or Electra complex develops during which stage?
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a. Oral
b. Genital c. Phallic |
Phallic
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The Psychosocial Model was developed by...
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a. Freud
b. Piaget c. Erickson |
Erickson
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Exploring the environment with a "can-do" attitude is in stage...
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a. III Initiative vs. Guilt
b. IV Industry vs. Inferiority c. V Identity vs. Role-Confusion |
III Initiative vs. Guilt
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Choosing to give of self and helping in the community is in stage...
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a. VI Intimacy vs. Isolation
b. VII Generativity vs. Stagnation c. VIII Integrity vs. Despair |
VII Generativity vs. Stagnation
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Thinking and knowing are which type of behaviors?
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a. covert
b. overt c. observable |
covert
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Classical conditioning was developed by...
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a. Thorndike
b. Pavlov c. Skinner |
Pavlov
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If satisfying behavior is repeated and is an unpleasant behavior is avoided, what rule is displayed?
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a. Trial and Error learning
b. Stimulus-response c. Law of effect |
Law of effect
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Accorrding to learning theorists, when learning begins, progress is...
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a. gradual
b. measurable c. rapid |
rapid
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Self-efficacy is important to...
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a. Pavlov
b. Bandura c. Thorndike |
Bandura |
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The father of cognitive-developmental theory was...
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a. Piaget
b. Pavlov c. Hull |
Piaget
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Making new information part of an existing schema is...
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a. accomodation
b. assimilation c. affiliation |
assimilation
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In which Piaget stage does a child begin to think logically, classify and use math operations?
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a. Preoperational
b. Formal c. Concrete |
Concrete
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In what Piaget stage does language development occur?
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a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational c. Concrete |
Preoperational
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Vygotsky believed that a child's understandingof the world came from...
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a. shared meaning
b. myths and fables c. social rules |
shared meaning
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In processing information, a computer operates as a ________ unit while the brain operates as a ________ unit.
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a. parallel, serial
b. serial, parallel c. serial, smaller |
serial, parallel
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Ethology or imprinting is associated with which researcher?
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a. Darwin
b. Vygotsky c. Lorenz |
Lorenz
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Evolutionary psychologists do not believe in
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a. natural selection
b. altruism c. sacrifice |
altruism
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Bowlby studied the importance of infant/caregiver...
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a. attachment
b. accommodation c. assimulation |
attachment
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Thorndike's law of effect says that when a behavior is pleasant it is...
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a, less likely to be repeated
b. more likely to be repeated c. less likely to cause avoidance d. likely to encourage change |
more likely to be repeated |
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Which type of conditioning involves the use of 2 stimuli to evoke 1 response?
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a. operant
b. classical c. observational d. law of effect |
classical
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Random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups ensures that...
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a. the number of subjects in each group will be the same
b. subjects in each conditionwill not know each other c. prior to the experimental manipulation, the two groups of subjects would be equivalent with respect to the dependent variable d. after the experimental manipulation, the two groups of subjects would differ with respect to the dependent variable. |
after the experimental manipulation, the two groups of subjects would differ with respect to the dependent variable. |
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A researcher studies language development by collecting data from a specific group of infants starting when they are six months old and continuing at six month intervals for the next five years . This is an example of which development research design?
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a. cross-sectional
b. experimental c. longitudinal d. sequential |
longitudinal
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____________ is the "father" of social learning theory.
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a. Skinner
b. Pavlov c. Bandura d. Vygotsky |
Bandura
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Which is the following is NOT one of Piaget's stages of development?
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a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. postoperational |
postoperational
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After each of Joyces last three meals at the school cafeteria, she vomited. Before the fourth meal, Joyce began to feel nauseated as soon as she saw the cafeteria door. In terms of classical conditionaing, what is the conditioned stimulus?
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a. cafeteria food
b. the cafeteria door c. nausea d. vomiting |
the cafeteria door
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One advantage in using naturalistic observation rather than an experiment is that naturalistic observations...
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a. are less intrusive
b. are not subject to personal bias c. do not require a trained observer d. so not require informed consent |
are less intrusive
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"Nature" is to 'nurture' as __________ is to ____________ .
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a. genetics : environment
b. biology : physiology c. physiology : genetics d. upbringing : social status |
genetics : environment
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A researcher sits at a table in a restaurant all day and records what customers in adjoining booths are saying and doing. What type of research strategy is this?
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a. experiement
b. case study c. survey d. naturalistic observation |
naturalistic observation
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Negative reinforcement is exemplified by which of the following...
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a. getting money for good behavior
b. getting money for bad behavior c. losing a toy for bad behavior d. a child avoiding punishment when it lies about its behavior |
a child avoiding punishment when it lies about its behavior
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A cross sectional design does which of the following...
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a. one half of the sample is compared with the other half
b. the design does not study age of participants c. two groupings of the same age are studies d. one age sample is compared with one or more samples from another age |
one age sample is compared with one or more samples from another age |
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Which of the following theorists introduced the concept of the identity crisis?
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a. Piaget
b. Freud c. Vygotsky d. Erikson |
Erikson
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A researcher wants to know whether failure at a task causes aggression. As a part of her study. some of subjects are told they have failed at a task, whereas others are told they succeeded. Failing or not at the task would be...
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a. a placebo
b. the independent variable c. a within-subjects manipulation d. the dependent variable |
the independent variable
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Subjects know what theirbehavior is being observed in the typical setting for all of the following research methods EXCEPT...
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a. case study
b. naturalistic observation c. survey d. experimental |
naturalistic observation
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In ecological systems theory, the exosystem includes...
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a. the values and beliefs of the culture in which the child is developing, such as acceptance and violence
b. settings in which children spend time, such as their classrooms and neighborhood play groups c. social settings that indirectly influence children, such as their parents' workplaces d. connections among the different settings in which a child develops, such as the home and school |
social settings that indirectly influence children, such as their parents' workplaces |
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The genetic code is found in the...
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a. cytoplasm
b. DNA c. cell membrane |
DNA
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A pair of genes that come from mother and father is...
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a. genotypes
b. sex chromeosomes c. alleles |
alleles
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Sickle cell anemia is an example of incomplete...
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a. dominance
b. normality c. phenotype |
dominance
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Which of these is not a genetic disorder?
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a. Hemophilia
b. Color-blindness c.Night-blindness |
Night-blindness
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The functional abilities of a person with Down's syndrome...
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a. are always minimal
b. are insufficient to educate c. vary in ability for each person |
vary in ability for each person
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The chromosomal abnormality in which a woman lacks reproductive organs is...
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a. Klinefelter syndrome
b. Turner c. Fragile X syndrome |
Turner
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This disorder has been associated with aggression and violence...
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a. Supermale syndrome
b. Superfemale syndrome c. Klinefelter's syndrome |
Supermale syndrome
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Abnormalities that are not related to sex chromosomes are...
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a. autonomic
b. autosomal c. autoimmune |
autosomal
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Which is not an abnormality of a specific ethnic group?
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a. Tay-Sachs Disease
b. Sickle-cell Anemia c. Cystic Fibrosis |
Cystic Fibrosis
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The correlation of characteristics among biologically related people is also known as...
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a. predisposition
b. concordance c. cloning |
concordance |
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Which type of twins has the highest degree of similarity?
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a. Monozygotic
b. Dizygotic c. Fraternal |
Monozygotic
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The way we automatically block out noise and distraction is by...
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a. meditation
b. habituation c. assimilation |
habituation
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The belief that your culture is superior to all others is...
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a. diversity
b. ethnocentrism c. ethnology |
ethnocentrism
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The fertilized egg is initially called a/an...
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a. embryo
b. ovum c. zygote |
zygote
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The period after implantation is called...
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a. germinal
b. embryotic c. fetal |
embryotic
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The age of viability for a fetus is...
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a. 22 weeks
b. 24 weeks c. 32 weeks |
24 weeks
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Congenital abnormalities are greatest among females who are...
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a. 13-17 years old
b. 20-29 years old c. 35-40 years old |
35-40 years old
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Which maternal disease has the greatest effect on the baby?
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a. High blood pressure
b. Diabetes c. Rubella |
Rubella
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Which is not a teratogen dangerous to the fetus?
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a. Bulemia
b. Influenza c. Cocaine |
Bulemia |
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Prescription drugs taken during pregnancy...
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a. are neber a risk to the fetus
b. may be a risk to the fetus c. affect the mother, not the fetus |
may be a risk to the fetus
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Which choice of the mother can restrict oxygen amd uterine blood flow?
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a. Smoking
b. Excercising c. Tight clothing |
Smoking
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Braxton-Hicks contractions are also known as...
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a. dilation
b. initial labor c. false labor |
false labor
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The least invasive methos of prenatal screening is...
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a. ultrasound
b. amniocentesis c. cesarian |
ultrasound
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The baby is at risk for anoxia in which position?
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a. Head down
b. Feet down c. Face down |
Feet down
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An APGAR score of 7 is...
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a. dangerous
b. perfect c. normal |
normal
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During which stage of prenatal development does implantation occur?
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a. conception
b. germinal c. embryonic d. fetal |
germinal
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Jenny has brown eyes. Her eye color is an example of Jenny's _________ .
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a. genotype
b. phenotype c. carrier d. genes |
phenotype
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Sean has a dominant gene for brown hair and a recessive gene for blonde hair. His hair color is ______ , and his childrens' hair color will be ______.
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a. Brown; brown or blonde
b. Blonde; brown or blonde c. Brown; blonde d. Blonde; brown |
Brown; brown or blonde
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Amy and Greg just had a baby girl. If she has no genetic abnormality, the newborn baby's twenty third chromosome pair must be...
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a. XX
b. XY c. YX d. YY |
XX
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The sex cells carry only one member of each pair of genes. Therefore, these cells, called _______ , each contain only ____ chromosomes.
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a. gametes; 23
b. gametes; 46 c. zygotes; 32 d. zygotes; 64 |
gametes; 23
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The fetus reaches the age of viability at approximately ___________.
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a. 36 weeks
b. 30 weeks c. 24 weeks d. 18 weeks |
24 weeks
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Linda became pregnant one week ago when her husband's sperrm cell fertilized her egg cell. The correct term for the now fertilized egg cell that will eventually become their baby is...
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a. embryo
b. ovum c. fetus d. zygote |
zygote
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Joe is a normal male. His sex chromosomes are...
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a. YY
b. XX c. XY d. XXY |
XY
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The set of traits an individual inherits is referred to as...
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a. karyotype
b. phenotype c. genotype d. zygote |
genotype
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The developing organism is most vulnerrable to the effects of teratogens during the period of the __________.
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a. zygote
b. embryo c. fetus d. ovum |
embryo
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Women have a lifetime supply of...
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a. ova
b. brain cells c. toenails d. hormones |
ova
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Which aspect is central in the Lamaze method of childbirth?
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a. chilbirth occurs at home, rather than in a hospital
b. anesthetics and cesareans are not used c. the mother learns nreathing and other exercises to help manage labor pains d. the mother and infant are submerged in a warm bath |
the mother learns nreathing and other exercises to help manage labor pains
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Which contribution is necessary for a couple to have a baby girl?
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a. the father's X chromosome
b. the mother's X chromosome c. the father's Y chromosome d. the mother's Y chromosome |
the father's X chromosome
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Studies on identical twins are influential on gene-environment interactions because...
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a. twins are not used when studying gene-environment interactions
b. any differences must be attributed to environment since they are genetically identical c. The father's drinking habits are as important as the mother's during the pregnancy d. children born with fetal alcohol syndrome rarely have any cognitive defencies |
any differences must be attributed to environment since they are genetically identical
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Which of the following statements is true concerning fetal alcohol syndrome?
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a. only alcoholic woman can have a child with alcohol-related birth defects
b. a woman who drinks moderately can have a child with alcohol-related birth defects c. the father's drinking habits are as important as the mother's during the pregnancy d. children born with fetal alcohol syndrome rarely have any cognitive deficiencies |
a woman who drinks moderately can have a child with alcohol-related birth defects
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What is the basic unit of inheritance?
|
a. nucleus
b. dominance c. gene d. gamete |
gene
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______ is a large complex molecule. it contains the genetic code that regulates the functioning and development of an organism.
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a. DNA
b. molecules c. genes d. chromosome |
DNA
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Which is the characteristic common to individuals with Turner and Klinefelter syndromes?
|
a. premature death
b. sterility c. severe mental retardation d. elevated levels of aggression |
sterility
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Which of the following is an abnormality accompanied by mental retardation and marked by the presence of an extra 21st chromosome?
|
a. Phenylketonuria
b. Korsakoff's syndrome c. Turner's syndrome d. Down syndrome |
Down syndrome
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Which of the following disorders is caused by the absence of a chromosome?
|
a. Down syndrome
b. Klinefelter syndrome c. Huntington disease d. Turner syndrome |
Turner syndrome
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During the gerrminal stage of prenatal development...
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a. the 3 germ layers arise
b. the zygote travels down from the fallopian tube and begins the process of cell division and growth c. cephalo-caudal growth begins d. age of viability exists |
the zygote travels down from the fallopian tube and begins the process of cell division and growth |
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Which of these syndromes is NOT sex-linked?
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a. Sickle-cell anemia
b. Klinefelter syndrome c. Turner syndrome d. XYY syndrome |
Sickle-cell anemia
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Which is the main factor accounting for the high correlation between IQ and personality traits in identical twins who grew up in different environments?
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a. they shared the same prenatal environmental
b. they have identical genotypes c. they have identical phenotypes d. 50% of their genes are identical |
they have identical genotypes
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Traits that are produced by the interaction between two or more genes are called...
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a. dominant
b. recessive c. monogenic d. polygenic |
polygenic
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The APGAR scale is administered...
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a. 5 days after the baby is born
b. immediately after delivery c. on the baby's first doctor visit d. only on premature babies |
immediately after delivery
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Which phrase best defines a teratogen?
|
a. a life-support system that protects the fetus
b. an agent that stimulates the formation of organs c. an abnormality in infants of alcoholic mothers d. an environmental factor that produces birth defects |
an environmental factor that produces birth defects
|
|
|
Which of the following sequences of prenatal development stages is correct?
|
a. embryo, fetus. zygote
b. zygote, embryo, fetus c. fetus, zygote, embryo d. zygote, fetus, embryo |
zygote, embryo, fetus
|
|
|
If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behavior, what prediction can we make about expression of the behavior in monozygotic twins reared apart compared to its expression in dizygotic twins reared apart?
|
a. dizygotic twins will express the behavior more similarly than monozygotic twins
b. there wil be little similarity in the expression of the behavior in either set of twins c. Monozygotic twins will express the behavior more similarly than dizygotic twins d. the behavior will be expressed similarly by monozygotic twins and dizygotic |
Monozygotic twins will express the behavior more similarly than dizygotic twins
|
|
|
A couple has been informed that their newborn daughter has stubby fingers and a "webbed" neck. The parents are told that, in the future, their child may have difficulty with spatial and mathematical reasoning, be shorter than averrage, and probably will not be able to have children. These characteristics are typical of which sex chromosome abnormality?
|
a. XXX pattern
b. Phenylketonuria c. Klinefelter sundrome d. Turner syndrome |
Turner syndrome
|
|
|
If the trait is expressed, it is called a ____________ trait.
|
a. dominant
b. submissive c. secondary d. incomplete |
dominant
|
|
|
Down syndrome is caused by...
|
a. an extra chromosome
b. alcoholic consumption by the mother during pregnancy c. the mother's poor nutrition d. an extra chromosomeon the 23rd pair |
an extra chromosome
|
|
|
___________ is abnormal protein digestion caused by a recesive gene.
|
a. Turner syndrome
b. XXX c. Fragile X syndrome d. Phenylketonuria (PKU) |
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
|
|
|
Which of the following are NOT life support systems for the embryo?
|
a. placenta
b. fallopian tube c. umbilical cord d. amnion |
fallopian tube
|
|
|
Why is Fragile X syndrome worse in males than females?
|
a. men would be considered weak and fragile
b. women have 2 X's and men only 1 X c. Fragile X syndrome is not worse for males d. females do not get this syndrome |
women have 2 X's and men only 1 X
|
|
|
The typical female chromosome pattern is...
|
a. YY
b. XX c. XY d. XXY |
XX
|
|
|
A person's genetic heritage is his or her...
|
a. genotype
b. phenotype c. dominant character d. recessive character |
genotype
|
|
|
Major defects in body structure occur during which period of pregnancy?
|
a. germinal
b. fetal c. embryonic d. conception |
embryonic
|
|
|
The ____ pair of chromosome determines a person's sex.
|
a. 46th
b. 23rd c. 10th d. 2nd |
23rd
|
|
|
High alcohol intake during pregnancy may result in...
|
a. Fetal Alcohol syndrome
b. Rubella c. Rapid growth d. Down's syndrome |
Fetal Alcohol syndrome
|
|
|
The second stage of labor in the birth process is characterized by which occurence?
|
a. the cervix starts to dilate
b. contractions expel the placenta c. the newborn is delivered d. the amniotic sac breaks |
the newborn is delivered
|
|
|
Neonates exhibit two types of reflexes: survival and...
|
a premodal
b. primitive c. precognition |
primitive
|
|
|
A major problem for low birth weight infants is...
|
a. temperature control
b. light adjustment c. breast feeding |
temperature control
|
|
|
Which assessment is performed within days of birth?
|
a. APGAR
b. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment c. Infant Behavior Scale |
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
|
|
|
The pncer grasp develops at approximately what age?
|
a. 1 to 2 months
b. 5 to 8 months c. 9 to 12 months |
9 to 12 months
|
|
|
The ability to imitate adult actions and self-feed occurs at...
|
a. 5 to 8 months
b. 9 to 8 months c. 13 to 24 months |
13 to 24 months
|
|
|
Translating external stimuli into neural impulses is...
|
a. perception
b. sensation c. pardigm |
sensation
|
|
|
The realization that things outside sight still exist is...
|
a. object permanence
b. object awareness c. object confidence |
object permanence
|
|
|
In early language acquisition, using one word to communicate a thought is...
|
a. telegraphic speech
b. holophrastic speech c. receptive speech |
holophrastic speech
|
|
|
Which researcher believed that children are preprogrammed to learn language so that they do it actively if not conciously?
|
a. Chomsky
b. Erikson c. Ainsworth |
Chomsky
|
|
|
At 7 months old, an infant often experiences...
|
a. habituation
b. attachment c. stranger anxiety |
stranger anxiety
|
|
|
Inconsistentof unresponsive caregiving is indicative of which type of attachment?
|
a. Secure
b. Insecure c. Intermittent |
Insecure
|
|
|
Anger or avoidanceof the mother is indicative of which type of attachment?
|
a. Resistant
b. Avoidant c. Disorganized |
Resistant
|
|
|
Failure-to-thrive syndrome is most often the result of...
|
a. malnutrition
b. neglect c. disease |
neglect
|
|
|
Sibling attachment begins in...
|
a. infancy
b. toddler c. childhood |
infancy
|
|
|
Major concerns about infant day care include all except...
|
a. high staff turnover
b. high child-to-staff ratio c. high pay for staff |
high pay for staff
|
|
|
The startle reflex of infants is the...
|
a. survival
b. moro reflex c. eye-blink |
moro reflex
|
|
|
Medical care needs can make this difficult for parents with high risk infants...
|
a. Temperature control
b. Sensation c. Attachment |
Attachment
|
|
|
During the transition from reflex to higher level of control, an infant is at risk for which condition?
|
a. Failure to Thrive
b. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome c. Cystic Fibrosis |
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
|
|
|
The growth trend from the midline outward is...
|
a. proximodistal
b. cephalocaudal c. gross-to-specific |
proximodistal
|
|
|
Inadequate nutrition over long periods of time is called...
|
a. malnutrition
b. marasmus c. starvation |
marasmus
|
|
|
Infants are born with complete visual structures but lack...
|
a. complexity
b. focus c. organization |
organization
|
|
|
Within days of birth, infants can _________ sounds.
|
a. localize
b. quantify c. synthesize |
localize
|
|
|
The earliest forms of mental representation are...
|
a. images
b. actions c. synthesize |
actions
|
|
|
When a child calls all flying creatures, "birdie" , he is using...
|
a. exaggeration
b. overextention c. telegraphic speech |
overextention
|
|
|
The Language Acquisition Device is...
|
a. not a structure, but a process
b. not a process, but a format c. preprogrammed, not a process |
not a structure, but a process
|
|
|
Johnny is playing with some cars. Mike is also playing with cars. The two boys are not interacting while engrossed in their play. This is an example of which type of play?
|
a. solitary play
b. parallel play c. cooperative play d. associative play |
parallel play
|
|
|
A child is said to be egocentric during which of Piaget's developmental stages?
|
a. Sensorimotor
b. Concrete operational c. Formal operational d. Preoperational |
Preoperational
|
|
|
Sandra realizes that her favorite toy, a musical carousel, remains the same even though it looks different when her father picked her up and she sees it from above. Sandra has achieved...
|
a. Depth perception
b. Habituation c. Object constancy d. Object permanence |
Object constancy
|
|
|
Drew is in the sixth substage of Piaget's stages of sensorimotor intelligence. Consequently, when he sees his sister running into another room to hide his favorite toy, Drew will...
|
a. Cry in distress
b. Go into the other room and search with conviction that toys don't just disappear when they're out of sight c. Look for it only briefly and then give up d. Stare blankly at the place where he last saw the toy and then turn his attention to something else |
Go into the other room and search with conviction that toys don't just disappear when they're out of sight
|
|
|
Which parental childrearing style exerts a high degree of control but is also responsive to the child's thoughts and feelings?
|
a. Authoritarian
b. Authoritative c. Permissive-indifferent d. Permissive-indulgent |
Authoritative
|
|
|
Which of the following is true about the newborn's visual acuity?
|
a. Her peripheral vision is fully developed
b. Her vision for near objects is better than her vision for far objects c. Her visual acuity is around 20/30 d. Her vision is better when she's staring at stationary object's than when she's tracking moving objects |
Her vision for near objects is better than her vision for far objects
|
|
|
Which of the following is an example of the rooting reflex?
|
a. when a baby's cheek is touched with a finger, the baby turns it's head to face the finger
b in response to the sudden sensation of falling, the baby first flings it's arms and legs to the sides, and then brings the arms in toward the body in a hugging motion c. when a finger is placed in the palm of a baby's hand, the baby grasps the finger tightly d. when a finger is placed in a baby;s mouth, the baby begins sucking |
When a baby's cheek is touched with a finger, the baby turns it's head to face the finger
|
|
|
IF her parents encourage little Tanya to ask questions, to use her imagination and give her freedom to choose some activities, according to Erikson, they are encouraging...
|
a. Initiative
b. Identity c. Generativity d. Industry |
Initiative
|
|
|
Sue was watching a cartoon that had some violent scenes in it. She then goes outside and tries to mimic the aggression. This is an example of which theory?
|
a. Psychoanalytic theory
b. social learning theory c. cognitive theory d. ecological theory |
social learning theory
|
|
|
The infant Michael has been classified as having a slow -to-warm-up temperement. Is it possible to predict what Michael's personality will be like when he reaches his teen years?
|
a. no, infant temperament is not predictive of later personality
b. yes, he will most probably be shy c. yes, he will most probably be anxious d. yes, ne will most probably be very cautious |
no, infant temperament is not predictive of later personality
|
|
|
Three year old Jacque's pediatrician is preparing to give her a shot when Jacque bolts out of the examining room and hides behind the receptionist's deskin the outer office. If her mother subscribes to the authoritarian style of childrearing, which of the following would she most likely do?
|
a. acknowledge Jacque's feelings, help her to understand why the shot is necessary, and gently, but decisisvely, take her back to the examining room
b. Pick Jacque up and carry her screaming into the examining room c. promise to take her to the toy store and buy her a new doll right after she goes back in to get her shot |
Pick Jacque up and carry her screaming into the examining room
|
|
|
Which of the following is an example of a young child's script for going to bed?
|
a. "Last night there was a monster in my closet."
b. "I brush my teeth, read my story, and go to sleep." c. "I want to read a story tonight before I go to bed." d."Can I stay up late?" |
"I brush my teeth, read my story, and go to sleep."
|
|
|
Of the followiing, who is most likely to abuse his child?
|
a. John Paul, who didn't have children until he and his wife were in their late 30s
b. Joel, whose baby is passive and quiet c. Wmilio, who is a graduate student and works part-time c. Ted, who is unemployed |
Ted, who is unemployed
|
|
|
Which of the following toddlers is employing a gross motor skill?
|
a. Angelo. who is sitting on the rug and methodically picking upevery piece of lint and examining it
b.Erica, who is looking at a pop'up book and laughing hilariously c. Edward, who is creeping backwards down the stairs on all fours d. Stuart, who is licking the melting ice cream off the sides of a cone |
|
|
|
Because he has recently achieved object permanence, Scott will now be able to...
|
a. catagorize objects by function
b. add and subtract c. searh for an object that has rolled out of sight d. understand that a round object contains the same amount of material when it is flattened into a pancake |
searh for an object that has rolled out of sight
|
|
|
Two year old Peter liked to tug on his dog's tail. One day, he tried to pull the cat's tail and the cat scratched him. After that, Peter knew that only some tails are safe to pull on. Peter has undergone a process known as...
|
a. Classical conditioning
b. habituation c. accomodation d. assimilation |
accomodation
|
|
|
Ten month old Kerry, who had formed an attachmentto her mother, has come with her mother to visit great-grandmother. According to attachment theory, when Kerry leaves her mother''s side and goes exploring into another area of great-grandmother's living room, she should feel...
|
a. autonomous and self'confident
b. bored and restless c. curious and daring d. fearful and anxious |
fearful and anxious
|
|
|
The Moro reflex is likely to be exhibited by a one-month old if...
|
a. a bottle is placed in his mouth
b. the bottom of the foot is stroked c. his father gently touches his cheek d. his brother slams the door |
his brother slams the door
|
|
|
According to Vygotsky, children's private speech is...
|
a. not useful
b. egocentric c. nonsocial d. used for self-guidance |
used for self-guidance
|
|
|
Ricky wants to paint his fingernails. His ________ is most likely to discourage this behavior.
|
a. Father
b. Teacher c. Sister d. Mother |
Father
|
|
|
Which type of play behavior occurs when children observe others in playing but do not participate but are interested in the other children's play?
|
a. unoccupied
b.solitary play c. onlooker behavior d. parallel play |
onlooker behavior
|
|
|
Which of Freud's psychosocial stages of development occurs during early childhood?
|
a. oral stage
b. genital stage c. phallic stage d. latency stage |
phallic stage
|
|
|
Inadequate amounts of food over long periods of time which cause muscular deterioration is called...
|
a. marasmus
b. kwashiorkor c. Vitamin A deficiency d. poor nutrition |
marasmus
|
|
|
Freud's psychosexual stages deal with intrinsic driveswhile Erikson's psychosocial stages cover the __________.
|
a. total person
b. family members c. lifespan d. environmental factors |
lifespan
|
|
|
According to Ainsworth, an infant who displays anger and avoidance of the caregiver is showing which type of attachment?
|
a. disorganized
b. secure c. resistant d. avoidant |
resistant
|
|
|
Which of Baumrind's four parenting styles makes demands on the child with little nurturance?
|
a. authoritarian
b. permissive c. authoritative d. strict |
authoritarian
|
|
|
The visual cliff tests the infants...
|
a. breathing patterns
b. eye sight c. balance d. depth perception |
depth perception
|
|
|
A toddler that points and says "Doggie" instead of saying " look there is a doggy over there! ~ "Doggy" is an example of a...
|
a. phoneme
b. holophrase b. motherese discussion d. babble |
holophrase
|
|
|
Making new information part of an existing schema is...
|
a. assimilation
b. accomodation c. new schema d. acceleration |
holophrase
|
|
|
Which of the following reflexes are important for development but not necessarily for survival?
|
a. breathing reflex
b. sucking reflex c. moro reflex d. rooting reflex |
holophrase
|
|
|
According to Freud, boys who lust for their mothers and feear castration by their fathers, experience...
|
a. anal fixation
b. oral fixation c. electra complex d. oedipal complex |
oedipal complex
|
|
|
Piaget's stage that involves language development, a limited world view, and the inability to generalize is...
|
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational |
preoperational
|
|
|
The term used to describe a personality with a complete blending of male and female traits is...
|
a. bisexual
b. homosexual c. androgynous d. heterosexual |
androgynous
|
|
|
Gender schemas are defined as...
|
a. standards of behavior and attitudes appropriate for males and females
b. knowledge of one's gender c. females who are confused about their identity d. understanding that gender is stable and stays the same despite superficial changes in appearance |
standards of behavior and attitudes appropriate for males and females
|
|
|
A strong desire to do things yourself, to master the physical and social environment and to be competent and successful is called...
|
a. independent
b. self control c. aggression d. autonomy |
autonomy
|
|
|
Which of the following statement is FALSE regarding vision and hearing of babies:
|
a. vision is the least developed sense at birth
b. hearing is more developed than vision at birth c. babies are born with binocular vision rhythmic sounds can sooth and put an infant to sleep |
babies are born with binocular vision
|
|
|
Chomsky's term for a child's innate set of mental structures that aid children in language learning is called:
|
a. LB - learned behavior
b. LAD - language acquisition device c. RO - repeat often d.ZPD - zone of proximal development |
LAD - language acquisition device
|
|
|
The ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another is the concept of:
|
a. cross-modal perception
b. intermodal perception c. categorization d. object permanence |
intermodal perception
|
|
|
Vygotsky's zone of proximal development contends that young children learn most from activities slightly _________________ their competence.
|
a. behind
b. beyond c. under d. within |
beyond
|
|
|
Watching television with lot's of violence can lead to ___________ behavior in children:
|
a. aggressive
b. empathetic c. lazy d sleepy |
aggressive
|
|
|
The greatest influence on; a child's language development is:
|
a. talking with peers
b. watching TV c. learning phonics d. talking with adults |
talking with adults
|
|
|
A child's brain is nearly the size of an adult brain at age...
|
a. 6 months
b. 2 years c. 5 years |
5 years
|
|
|
Skills become identified with different parts of the brain in a process known as...
|
a. identification
b. localization c. myelination |
localization
|
|
|
Functional subordination means that a child...
|
a. learns by repetition
b. learns by modeling c. learns by doing |
learns by doing
|
|
|
Children's actions with no goal, for shear pleasure are...
|
a. intrinsically motivated
b extrinsically motivated c. subliminally motivated |
intrinsically motivated
|
|
|
A young child's belief that whatever moves is alive is...
|
a. representation
b. animism c. reification |
animism
|
|
|
A yound child seeing events in only one direction is an example of...
|
a. centration
b. egocentrism c. irreversibility |
irreversibility
|
|
|
A young child focusing on one dimension and excluding others is...
|
a. centration
b. egocentrism c. irreversibility |
centration
|
|
|
Paiget's "liquid beakers" problem showed what young children understand about...
|
a. competence
b. conservation c. measuring |
conservation
|
|
|
Young children ____________ have the ability to spontaneously organize and mentally rehearse information the way older children do.
|
a. do
b. do not c. sometimes |
do not
|
|
|
The first type of memory to develop is...
|
a. auditory
b. sensory c. visual |
visual
|
|
|
Growing up bilingual is for young children a/an...
|
a. advantage
b. disadvantage c. source of confusion |
advantage
|
|
|
Play is also called...
|
a. the muscle developer
b. the way to learn acting c. the work of childhood |
the work of childhood
|
|
|
Dramatic play includes all except
|
a. role play
b. collective monologues c. modeling |
collective monologues
|
|
|
Play satisfies a young child's need to...
|
a. explore and experiment
b. learn a trade c. follow a script |
explore and experiment
|
|
|
Having an imaginary companion to play with is...
|
a. abnormal
b. normal c. unusual |
normal
|
|
|
Young children fear all except...
|
a. strangers
b. death c. loud noises |
death
|
|
|
Teaching children to behave in socially acceptable ways is...
|
a. emotional regulation
b. social moderation c. behavior modification |
emotional regulation
|
|
|
Watching long hours of television tends to increase ____________ behaviors in children.
|
a. isolative
b. aggressive c. passive |
aggressive
|
|
|
Which family member is five times more likely to abuse female children?
|
a. Father
b. Grandfather c. Stepfather |
Stepfather
|
|
|
All are types of psychological abuse except...
|
a. isolation
b. redirection c. rejection |
redirection
|
|
|
Many child abusers were...
|
a. ignored as children
b. abused as children c. abandoned as children |
abused as children
|
|
|
Inflexible parents who restrict their
children's independence are... |
a. authoritarian
b. authoritative c. indifferent |
authoritarian
|
|
|
Which parenting style produces children who tend to be self-reliant and socially competent?
|
a. authoritarian
b. authoritative c. indifferent |
authoritative
|
|
|
Gender schemes are based on cultural standards and...
|
a. stereotypes
b. stability c. permanency |
stereotypes
|
|
|
A complete blend of masculine and feminine traits is a/an...
|
a. prosocial personality
b. androgynous personality c. self-socialized personality |
androgynous personality
|
|
|
Nancy is protesting against the recent enactment of the death penalty in her home state. She feels that it is immoral for the government to decide who should live and who should die. Nancy is functioning at Kohlberg's _____________ level.
|
a. concrete
b. conventiona c. postconventional d. preconventional |
postconventional
|
|
|
The ability to "think about thinking" is called...
|
a. metacognition
b. mneumonics c. reorganization d. rehearsal |
metacognition
|
|
|
Sarah is currently taking courses in several different academic departments and doing volunteer work to help identify and develop her interests. She also spends a lot of time thinking about her values and goals but has not yet chosen a career path. Sarah's identity status is referred to as...
|
a. identity achievement
b. identity diffusion c. moratorium d. identity foreclosure |
moratorium
|
|
|
Jack, who thinks of himself as a real "softie", pretends that he's tough and unfeeling whenever he's with the guys from the football squad. With his other friends, Jack pretends that he's politically conservative even though, in reality, he thinks of himself as a liberal. Because Jack engages in these false self behaviors as a way to experiment with different roles, it's likely that he...
|
a. is not happy with his true self
b. is psychologically happy c. is unable to distinguish between his false selves and his true self d. has high levels of positive support from his parents |
is psychologically happy
|
|
|
The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period...
|
a. of confusion during which youth are choosing between attachment and autonomy
b. when adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be c. when adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or occupations d. of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short timeand determines an adolescent's identity statuswhen adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be |
when adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be
|
|
|
An adolescent peer group with approximately 15-3 members is called a...
|
a. gang
b. crowd c.clique d. group |
crowd
|
|
|
Six year old Nathan has just resolved his Oedipus complex bt repressing the sexual feelings that he has had for his moher, According to Freud, what will Nathan do next to squash his dissappointment.
|
a. find a six-year girlfriend instead
b. focus on becoming skillful or competent in some area c. swear off women for good d.Try to be as much like his mother as he can |
focus on becoming skillful or competent in some area
|
|
|
In studying personality and social development, learning theorists have given attention to each of the following except...
|
a. positive reinforcement
b. genetics c. observational learning d. imitation and modeling |
genetics
|
|
|
Sternburg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes...
|
a. deficits, intelligence, creativity
b. hope, needs, intelligence c. analytical, creative, practical d. practical, hopefulness, strengths |
analytical, creative, practical
|
|
|
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences details 7 types of intelligence. A child who relates well to feelings of others has which type of intelligence?
|
a. spatial
b. interpersonal c. mathematical d. linguistic |
interpersonal
|
|
|
What is the greatest predictor of suicide risk for adolescents?
|
a. talk of suicide
b. drug use c. a previous attempt d. a relationship break-up |
a relationship break-up
|
|
|
Which of the following adolescents will report the least positive body image?
|
a. Sharon, an early maturing girl
b. Theo, an early maturing boy c. Jenelle, a girl who is maturing on time d.Sonya, a late maturing girl |
Sharon, an early maturing girl
|
|
|
A period of making decisions about important issues, such as "who am I and where I am going?" is a(n)...
|
a. self-definition
b. identity crisis c. diffusion status d. foreclosure status |
identity crisis
|
|
|
Difficulty in learning school subjects such as reading, writing or math despite a nnormal intelligence and the absence of sensory or motor disabilities is called...
|
a. low abilities
b. mental retardation c. learning disorder d. attention deficit disorder (ADD) |
attention deficit disorder (ADD)
|
|
|
A child who is in first grade has messy handwriting, does not know the alphabet and is easily distracted during class. He has difficulty sitting still for more than a few minutes at a time and his parents describe him as very fidgety. These findings are characteristic of which chidhood problem?
|
a. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
b. dyslexia c. dyscalculia d. dysgraphia |
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
|
|
|
Which term is used to describe children's emerging awareness and control of their intellectual skills and abilities?
|
a. intelligence quotient
b. metacognition c. preoperational thought d. trust |
metacognition
|
|
|
Lee has reached Kohlberg's highest stage of moral development; he now bases decisions on...
|
a. society's rule and regulations
b. individual human rights c. universal principles he believes in d. ethics of market exchange |
universal principles he believes in
|
|
|
Of the following, which plays an important role for both social learning theory and psychoanalytical theory of development?
|
a. subconcious
b. internal conflict c. childhood experiences d. biological factors |
childhood experiences
|
|
|
Your friend Janet is the mother of an obese ten-year-old girl. When she turns to you for advice on helping her daughter to lose weight, you correctly advise her to...
|
a. eliminate all snack foods, candy and soft drinks from the girl's diet
b. forget about losing weight and just teach the child to accept and love herself as she is c. participate with the child in her efforts to exercise and diet d. try a low calorie crash diet with the goal of losing five pounds a week |
participate with the child in her efforts to exercise and diet
|
|
|
Identity diffusion represents a(n)...
|
a. failure to achieve a stable identity
b. identity that is based on parental goals c. identity that is based on a false self d. temporary postponement of adult commitments |
failure to achieve a stable identity
|
|
|
The stage of formal operations is characterized by...
|
a. the application of the logical thought to concrete objects and situations
b. abstract thought and hypothetical problem solving c. the ability to conserv d. the development of transducive reasoning |
abstract thought and hypothetical problem solving
|
|
|
Compared to a concrete operational child, a forma operational thinker tends to ...
|
a. approach problems haphazardly
b. hold and combine several ideas in his mind at once c. latch onto a single solution or reason d. rely on memory of past experiences when solving problems |
hold and combine several ideas in his mind at once
|
|
|
At their high school graduation, four seniors were discussing their future plans. Which one of them appears to be in moratorium as far as identity is concerned?
|
a. Donna, who said, "At first, I thought it was a bad idea when my father suggested I come to work at his real estate firm. But the more I thought about it, the better I liked it."
b. Laura, who said, "I've wanted to work as a hair stylist ever since my grandmother bought me that doll with the hair that grows when I was three. Some day, I'm going to have my own beauty parlor." c. Marion, who said, "I'm glad I don't have to think about going out to look for a job. I'm going to love staying at home and being a new wife and mother." d. Vicky, who said, "I envy all of you. You're so sure of what you want to do with your life. All I know is I want a career and not just a job. That's why I decided to go to college. I hope I'll find something that will really spark my interest." |
Vicky, who said, "I envy all of you. You're so sure of what you want to do with your life. All I know is I want a career and not just a job. That's why I decided to go to college. I hope I'll find something that will really spark my interest."
|
|
|
Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage corresponds with which of Freud's developmental stages?
|
a. oral
b. oedipal complex c. latency d. phallic |
latency
|
|
|
In gym class, sixteen-year-old Ida is concerned that she does everything just right because she believes everyone will be scrutinizing her performance. Ida's concern is indicative of...
|
a. a distorted body image
b. an imaginary audience c. a personal fable d. metacognition |
an imaginary audience
|
|
|
A child who complains of unexplained muscle pains really has..
|
a. too little physical activity
b. growing pains from skeletal maturation c. hypochondriac tendencies |
growing pains from skeletal maturation
|
|
|
The growth spurt for girls begins at ages 9-10 and for boys at age...
|
a. 9
b. 10 c. 11 |
11
|
|
|
The primary cause of childhood obesity is...
|
a. genetics
b. environmental factors c. ethnic factors |
environmental factors
|
|
|
The main cause of childhood deaths is...
|
a. accidents
b. cancer c. poisoning |
accidents
|
|
|
In the concrete operational stage, the 6-12 year-old understands...
|
a. reversibility
b. flexibility c. abstraction |
reversibility
|
|
|
The ability to chunk items together is called...
|
a. retrieval
b. rehearsal c. mental imagery |
rehearsal
|
|
|
Using logic to fill in missing information is...
|
a. rehearsal
b. scripts c. semantic elaboration |
semantic elaboration
|
|
|
Thinking about thinking is a process known as...
|
a. imagination
b. metacognition c. supercognition |
metacognition
|
|
|
Language skills developed in middle childhood include all except...
|
a. participles
b. rules of grammar c. passive voice |
participles
|
|
|
The first IQ test was created by...
|
a. Jean Piaget
b. Alfred Binet c. David Weschler |
Alfred Binet
|
|
|
Which type of test is an IQ test?
|
a. norm referenced
b. criterion referenced c. value referenced |
norm referenced
|
|
|
The IQ test developed by Weschler added which new component?
|
a. mental age
b. deviation IQ c. chronological age |
deviation IQ
|
|
|
IQ scores are distributed along the...
|
a. quadratic equation
b. bar chart c. bell curve |
bell curve
|
|
|
In Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences, what kind of intelligence is shown by Oprah Winfrey on her television show?
|
a. interpersonal
b. interpersonal c. kinesthetic |
interpersonal
|
|
|
Sternberg's Trarchic concept of intelligence was later expanded to a theory of...
|
a. successful intelligence
b. triad intelligence c. survival intelligence |
successful intelligence
|
|
|
Children have the most difficulty with adjustment issues when the gap between expectations at home and those at school...
|
a. does not exist
b. is narrow c. is wide |
is wide
|
|
|
Mental retardation is measured...
|
a. in four levels
b. in two levels c. on the same level |
in four levels
|
|
|
At which level of mental retardation is academic training not effective?
|
a. mild
b. moderate c. profound |
profound
|
|
|
Learning disorders can be found among children with...
|
a. very low IQs only
b. average to above average IQs c. average IQs |
average to above average IQs
|
|
|
The most common disorder that impairs learning to read is...
|
a. dyscalculia
b. dysgraphia c. dyslexia |
dyslexia
|
|
|
Characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are all except...
|
a. focused
b. distractible c. forgetful |
focused
|
|
|
Self-concept emerges when the child has a table and __________ picture of himself.
|
a. consistent
b. realistic c. idealistic |
realistic
|
|
|
The Pre-conventional, Conventional, and Post-conventional stages of moral development is the theory of...
|
a. Erikson
b. Gilligan c. Kohlberg |
Kohlberg
|
|
|
Remarriage after a divorce creates a ___________ family.
|
a. revised
b. reconstituted c. restructured |
resconstituted
|
|
|
Prejudice is an attitude that can lead to...
|
a. diversity
b. desegregation c. discrimination |
discrimination
|
|
|
With considerable practice, eight-year-old George has become the best swimmer in his whole elementary school. Erikson would say that George is developing a sense of...
|
a. competitiveness
b. industry c. initiative d. integrity |
industry
|
|
|
A 14 year old acts responsibly, makes decisions independently, and accepts th consequences of inappropriate behavior. The parents of this adolescent probably relied most upon which parenting style?
|
a. authoritarian
b. permissive c. restrictive d. authoritative |
authoritative
|
|
|
A teacher gives a group of 7 year olds some sticks of varying length. At this age, the children will...
|
a. put them in order from shortest to longest, using an orderly plan
b. attempt to order them by height, but will make many mistakes and take a long time to correct them c.put them in a completely random order and not attempt to correct mistakes d. not understand the task |
put them in order from shortest to longest, using an orderly plan
|
|
|
According to David Elkind, what is one form of adolescent egocentrism?
|
a. excessive self-esteem
b. fear of risk taking c. use of concrete operations d. imaginary audience |
imaginary audience
|
|
|
In Piaget's concrete operational stage, a child's thinking becomes...
|
a. egocentric
b. irreversible c. reversible and flexible d. focused on the here and now |
reversible and flexible
|
|
|
Aaron is aware of his thinking and understands that he uses certain strategies to help him remember.
These skills demonstrate... |
a. memory
b. mneumonics c. metacognition d. abstract reasoning |
metacognition
|
|
|
Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development is most likely to happen when adolescents have parents who...
|
a. display authoritative ways of dealing with problems and conflict
b. display authoritarian ways of dealing with problems and conflict c. insist that their adolescents learn to resolve problems and conflict on their own d. develop more flexible boundaries and learn to become friends with their children |
display authoritative ways of dealing with problems and conflict
|
|
|
Asked whether they ever had doubts about their religion , four students gave the following answers. Which of these students has arrived at identity achievement?
|
a. Kristin, "Oh, I don't know. It doesn't bother me. I figure one's about as good as another."
b. Joe, "No, not really. Our family is pretty much in agreement about these things." c. Alicia, "Yes, I guess I'm going through that right now. How can there be a God with so much eveil in the world?" d. Phil, "Yeah, I even started wondering if God existed. I've pretty much resolved that by now, though." |
Phil, "Yeah, I even started wondering if God existed. I've pretty much resolved that by now, though."
|
|
|
Syndney calls her best friend Alisha in a panic. She has a date with Jason, someone she has wanted to date for months, but now she has a blemish on her forehead, which she knows Jason (and everyone else) will notice. This is an example of the ...
|
a. imaginary audience
b. personal fable c. false-belief syndrome d. invincibility fable |
imaginary audience
|
|
|
A pacifist who is thrown in jail for refusing to obey draft laws because he believes that killing is morally wrong is at what stage of moral development?
|
a. preconventional
b. conventional c. concrete d. postconventional |
postconventional
|
|
|
Water from one of two identical full glasses is poured into a taller glass of a different shape. Which child will know that the taller glass contains the same amount of water as the shorter glass?
|
a. concrete operational stage who hears the procedure described verbally
b. preoperational stage who hears the procedure described verbally c. concrete operational stage who observes the procedure d. preoperational stage who observes the procedure |
concrete operational stage who observes the procedure
|
|
|
At the children's parade, Ellen was put in charge of handing out the flags. Even though she knew that all the flags were the same size before she gave them out, because on eof the boys was taller than any of the others, Ellen thought that his flagpole was now a different length than anyone else's Ellen is apparently unable to understand...
|
a. conservation of length
b. conservation of mass c. conversation of volume d. classification |
conservation of length
|
|
|
The key to formal operational thinking is the ability to think about concepts..
|
a. concretely
b. sensory c. symbolically d. abstractly |
abstracty
|
|
|
Adriane is an architect. According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which type f intelligence would Ariane?
|
a. spatial
b. mathematical c. kinesthetic d. naturalist |
spatial
|
|
|
Authoritarian parents are most likely to have adolescents experiencing idenity...
|
a. achievement
b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. diffusion |
foreclosure
|
|
|
Tommy understands that his father can also be a son and a brother all at the same time. This suggests that Tommy is in the ___________ stage.
|
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational |
concrete operational
|
|
|
An elementary age child might learn by chunking items together. This process is called...
|
a. rehearsal
b. recognition c. recall d. insight |
rehearsal
|
|
|
Which one of these teens is exhibiting the personal fable?
|
a. Anthony, who thinks that everyone will notice new pimple that sprouted on his forehead
b. Rick, who wants to be just like the father, the best basketball player the school ever had. c. Derek, who drives 80 mph on residential streets because he thinks it is fun d. Steve, who thinks he will be President of the United States |
Steve, who thinks he will be President of the United States
|
|
|
As a typical teenager, Vanessa is more likely to go to her parents than to her peers for an advice on...
|
a. what to wear to the prom
b. which boys to date c. which CD's to buy d. which foreign language to study in high school |
which foreign language to study in high school
|
|
|
Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes all f the following abilities EXCEPT...
|
a. analytical
b. creative c. motivational d. practical |
motivational
|
|
|
Jessica's parents have never "forced" their opinions on her, and have always allowed her to try anything she wanted to because they did not want to put any limits on her development. Based on the research, we would expect Jessica to experience identity...
|
a. achievement
b. moratorium c. foreclosure d. diffusion |
diffusion
|
|
|
Ever since he was five years old, his father had been telling Eddie that some day he would come to work with him in his furniture store. But when he finished high school, Eddie told his father that he decided to go to culinary school and become a chef instead. Eddie's identity status is...
|
a. foreclosed
b. identity achieved c. identity diffused d. moratorium |
identity achieved
|
|
|
After escorting Roger and Rita to the hospital, where Rita gave birth to a boy, Officer Davis gave Roger a ticket for not coming to a complete stop at a stop sign prior to the time he escorted them. Officer Davis is functioning at Kohlburg's....
|
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2 c. Stage 4 d. Stage 6 |
Stage 4
|
|
|
The official beginning of puberty for girls is...
|
a. breast development
b. menarche c. growth spurt |
menarche
|
|
|
The official beginning of puberty for boys is...
|
a. muscle development
b. growth spurt c. semen emission with sperm cells |
semen emission with sperm cells
|
|
|
Body image satisfaction is lowest for...
|
a. girls
b. boys c. boys and girls equally |
girls
|
|
|
Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by...
|
a. starving
b. overeating c. binge and purge |
binge and purge
|
|
|
Liberalization of teen views about sex leads to all except...
|
a. tripled rate of pregnancy
b. increase in HIV c. greater contraceptive use |
greater contraceptive use
|
|
|
Sexual abuse of an adolescent girl is usually perpetrated by...
|
a. adult male relative
b. biological father c. coach |
adult male relative
|
|
|
Sexual abuse of an adolescent boy is usually a...
|
a. chance encounter
b. same-sex encounter c. opposite-sex encounter |
same-sex encounter
|
|
|
Teen mothers trying to raise infants are more likely to do all except...
|
a. become dependent on governmental aid
b. get stuck in low paying jobs c. earn a college scholarship |
earn a college scholarship
|
|
|
Which Paiget stage corresponds with adolescence?
|
a. preoperational
b. concrete c. formal operational |
formal operational
|
|
|
Adolescent thought processes are capable of...
|
a. one idea at a time
b. combining relevent variables c. dealing only with what can be seen |
combining relevent variables
|
|
|
The assumption that everyone watches what they do is...
|
a. ego identity
b. egotistical c. egocentrism |
egocentrism
|
|
|
An adolescent who believes he is really the son of a famous rock star and a fashion model is engaging in the...
|
a. wishful thinking
b. foundling fantasy c. personal fable |
foundling fantasy
|
|
|
At Kohlberg's second level of moral development the adolescent determines behaviors by conforming to...
|
a. social rules
b. peer group c. school policies |
social rules
|
|
|
Of great importance is that an adolescent form a unique ________
and create a(n) ________ self. |
a. personality, multifaceted
b. identity, integrated? c. image, flexible |
identity, integrated?
|
|
|
The percentage of psychological disorders among teens is...
|
a. three times more than adults
b. much less than adults c. about the same as adults |
about the same as adults
|
|
|
The adolescent who overcomes loss and disappointment to reshape and follow his goals, shows which of Marcia's Identity states?
|
a. foreclosed
b. achieved c. diffused |
achieved
|
|
|
Family conflicts are more common in _________ adolescence...
|
a. early
b. late c. late maturing |
early
|
|
|
Adolescents spend the least amount of time...
|
a. alone
b.with friends c. with family |
with family
|
|
|
The smallest group of teens who "hang out" regularly is a...
|
a. circle
b. clique c.crowd |
clique
|
|
|
Adolescents engage in high risk behaviors for all of the following reasons except ...
|
a. for a desire to get caught
b. to feel invulnerable c. to impress the peer group |
for a desire to get caught
|
|
|
What is the easiest to obtain drug which is likely to be available in even the homes of abstainers?
|
a. nicotine
b. inhalants c. beer |
inhalants
|
|
|
Binge drinking is greatest among...
|
a. both genders
b. females c. males |
males
|
|
|
Drug use is often linked with...
|
a. losing driver's license
b. delinquent acts c. ineligibility for sports |
delinquent acts
|
|
|
Adolescent depression is twice as common among ______as ______.
|
a. girls, boys
b. boys, girls c. girls, adults |
girls, boys
|
|
|
The third leading cause of death among teenagers is...
|
a. accidents
b. homicide c. suicide |
suicide
|
|
|
An eating disorder in which the person is obsessed by thought of an unobtainable image of "perfect" thinness is...
|
a. obesity
b. anorexia nervosa c. bulimia nervosa d. depression |
anorexia nervosa
|
|
|
_______________ intelligence is the idea that intelligence is one basic trait that underlies all cognitive abilities.
|
a. general
b. fluid c. crystallized d. postformal |
general
Charles Spearman was the theorist who believed there is a general intelligence which he called "g". He believed the idea that intelligence is one basic trait that underlies all cognitive abilities. |
|
|
All of the following are "big five" personality dimensions except...
|
a. openness to experience
b. neuroticism c. generativity d. extroversion |
generativity
Generativity is the process in which adults seek to be productive through work or child rearing. |
|
|
Expertise is least likely related to ...
|
a. time
b. genetics c. practice d. training |
genetics
|
|
|
In a dual career marriage you are most likely to find...
|
a. role buffering
b. role overload c. marital equity d. all of the above |
all of the above
|
|
|
Remaining single as an adult challenges inaccurate assumptions. Which of these assumptions is accurate by today's standards?
|
a. being single is a result of poor social skills
b. single people are less attractive c. single people are religious d. living single is a choice |
living single is a choice
|
|
|
__________ displays the most advanced process of cognition.
|
a. postformal thought
b. adult moral reasoning c. dialectal thought d. cognitive flexibility |
cognitive flexibility
Some theorists consider dialect thought the most advanced form of cognition. in daily life, dialectal thinking involves the constant integration of one's beliefs and experiences with all the contradictions and inconsistencies they encounter. |
|
|
When the term is used correctly, menopause is the...
|
a. beginning of a dramatic change in women's reproductive system
b. process of a dramatic change in women's reproductive system c. ending of a dramatic change in women's reproductive system d. total cessation of estrogen production in middle-aged women |
ending of a dramatic change in women's reproductive system
|
|
|
Americans are less likely to value Gardener's ______________ intelligence and that helps to explain why many middle-aged people do not engage in sports or regular exercise.
|
a. logical-mathematical
b. kinesthetic c. spatial d. interpersonal |
kinesthetic
|
|
|
In their friendship, it is unlikely that Jim and Dave would....
|
a. solve a tactical
b. talk about their computers c. discuss their health d. tease each other about their baseball abilities |
discuss their health
|
|
|
How do men and women compare on morbidity and mortality rates?
|
a. men have higher morbidity and mortality rates
b. women have higher morbidity and mortality rates c. men have a higher morbidity rates and women have higher mortality rates d. women have higher morbidity rates and men have higher mortality rates |
women have higher morbidity rates and men have higher mortality rates
|
|
|
Satisfaction with work itself is a(n)...
|
a. unpaid bonus
b. lifetime goal c. intrinsic reward d. extrinsic reward |
intrinsic reward
|
|
|
Shondra has just gone through a divorce and in the first year she will be most likely to...
|
a. become less productive at work
b. find her social circle has shrunk c. exhibit promiscuous sexual behavior d. be much more comfortable in social situations |
find her social circle has shrunk
|
|
|
Compared with formal operational thought, post formal thought is characterized by being able to ...
|
a. dismiss contradictory thought
b. deal with relative and subjective knowledge c. choose between alternatives d. reduce the number of problems thatone considers |
deal with relative and subjective knowledge
|
|
|
Lisa writes for a local newspaper and is really good at intellectual puzzles, so she would probably test high in...
|
a. general intelligence
b. fluid intelligence c. crystallized intelligence d. practical intelligence |
fluid intelligence
|
|
|
In the work place, many women and minority workers experience the __________, which halts promotion and undercuts their power at a certain managerial level.
|
a. glass ceiling
b. generativity c. affirmative action d. patriarchal terrorism |
glass ceiling
|
|
|
Which of the following is more typical of female friendships than of male friendships?
|
a. shared activities
b. shared achievements c. greater self-disclosure d. being near someone |
greater self-disclosure
|
|
|
Exercise can lead to decreases in all except...
|
a. blood pressure
b. metabolism c. LDL cholesterol d. weight |
metabolism
|
|
|
By Cartell's definition, which type of intelligence declines with age?
|
a. fluid
b. crystallized c. short term d. long term |
fluid
|
|
|
As we age, our level of _________ intelligence increases, and our level of _____________ intelligence decreases.
|
a. general, fluid
b. fluid, crystallized c. crystallized, fluid d. crystallized, general |
crystallized, fluid
|
|
|
Male menopause...
|
a. is a sudden drop in reproductive ability
b. is a sudden drop in hormonal levels c. is a decrease in libido d. does not exist |
does not exist
|
|
|
Who is most often left to care for an aging parent?
|
a. the adult daughter
b. the adult son c. a medical professional d. a sibling |
the adult daughter
|
|
|
According to Erik Erikson, the most important task in early adulthood is...
|
a. forging an identity
b. separating from one's parents c. achieving academic or career success d. developing close personal relationships |
developing close personal relationships
|
|
|
Expertise is.....
|
a. applying intelligence to everyday activities
b. specialized experience in specific areas c. genetically determined d. more common because it can be taught |
specialized experience in specific areas
|
|
|
The age clock is a...
|
a. psychological concept
b. a sense of internal timing c. self-concept |
a sense of internal timing
|
|
|
The leading cause of preventable death among males and females ages 25 - 44 is ....
|
a. accidents
b. AIDS c. cancer |
accidents
|
|
|
For most people, young adult yearsare the most _______ time of life.
|
a. active
b. productive c. healthy |
healthy
|
|
|
Young adult attitudes toward sexual behaviors are becoming more...
|
a. liberal
b. conservative c. consistent |
conservative
|
|
|
Women are born with a lifetime of ...
|
a. fat cells
b. ova c. breast milk |
ova
|
|
|
Sexual _________ indicates toward which sex a person is physically and romantically attracted.
|
a. preference
b. selection c. orientation |
orientation
|
|
|
Homophobia means...
|
a. men prefer men
b. prejudice against homosexuals c. homosexual rights |
prejudice against homosexuals
|
|
|
Gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents are at significantly higher risk than heterosexual adolescents for depression, substance abuse and ...
|
a. AIDS
b. herpes c. suicide |
suicide
|
|
|
Tolerance for other viewpoints is also called...
|
a. conceptual relativism
b. dualism c. discrimination |
conceptual relativism
|
|
|
Riegel adds a stage beyond Piaget called dialectal thinking which focuses on integration of the...
|
a. concrete and abstract
b. real and ideal c. here and now |
real and ideal
|
|
|
Schale believed that what is distinct about adult thinking is the...
|
a. intensity
b. structure c. flexibility |
flexibility
|
|
|
Loevinger attempted to descover whether or not ___________ develops in predictable stages of adult life.
|
a. self-direction
b. self-concept c. motivation |
self-concept
|
|
|
According to Havinghurst's Developmental Tasks of Adulthood, which of the following is a task generally assigned to early 20s-30s?
|
a. secure a home
b. improve standard of living c. find adequate housing |
secure a home
|
|
|
According to Havinghurst, which task is not generally part of late adulthood?
|
a. choose occupation |
choose occupation
|
|
|
Levinson's 4 developmenta tasks included "establishing intimacy with a special man or woman". Which group has the most difficulty completing that task?
|
a. older men
b. women c. men |
women
|
|
|
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the first level is...
|
a. self-actualization
b. safety c. physiological needs |
physiological needs
|
|
|
Which level of Maslow's Hierarchy can never be fully achieved?
|
a. self-actualization |
self-actualization
|
|
|
The concept of "unconditional positive regard" is attributed to...
|
a. Sternberg |
Rogers
|
|
|
Satisfaction with the work itself is an....
|
a. extrinsic reward
b. intrinsic reward c. exceptional reward |
intrinsic reward
|
|
|
In Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, the stages are intimacy, passion and ...
|
a. sex/cohabitation
b. decision/commitment c. engagement/marriage |
decision/commitment
|
|
|
Parenthood brings new roles, responsibilities and ...
|
a. sleepless nights
b. identity c. social status |
social status
|
|
|
What is a highly important factor in post-birth adjustment of the couple?
|
a. number of years married
b. marital happiness during pregnancy c. an easy pregnancy with no birth complications |
marital happiness during pregnancy
|
|
|
Which group is most likely to live below the poverty line?
|
a. single Asian mothers
b. single white mothers c. single black mothers |
single black mothers
|
|
|
According to Havinghurst's Stages of Vocational Life, a young child who looks with admiration at his parents' careers is in the stage of ...
|
a. becoming productive
b. contemplating work life c. identifying with a worker |
identifying with a worker
|
|
|
Among dual earner couples, who is most likely to report marital dissatisfaction?
|
a. husband |
husband
|
|
|
What usually happens to hearing in middle adulthood? |
a. females and males both experience very little hearing loss b. females and males both experience the same amount of hearing loss c. males experience more hearing loss than women d. females experience more hearing loss than males do |
males experience more hearing loss than women
|
|
|
Martha is a jail guard who does not like to travel, worries about financesand has few friends. she most likely fits into which category of personality traits? |
a. openess b. neuroticism c. conscientiousness d. agrreeableness |
neuroticism |
|
|
Erik Erikson believed that the primary crisis of the early adult years is: |
a. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt b. Identity vs. Role Confusion c. Intimacy vs. Isolation d. Generativity vs. Stagnation |
Intimacy vs. Isolation |
|
|
Which stage does Valliant add to Erikson's description of human development during early adulthood? |
a. career consolidation b. early adult transition c. keeping the meaning d. post formal thought |
career consolidation |
|
|
Toni is helping to take care of her elderly mother and is helping her daughter, who is newly divorced. It could be best said that she: |
a. is in a midlife crisis b. represents the sandwich generation c. is feeling overburdened d. has to prioritize better |
represents the sandwich generation |
|
|
We could distinguish Stephen, an expert chess player, from Darrell, who is a novice, because Darrell is more likely than Stephen to do what when determining his moves? |
a. use the accumulated experience b. process information automatically c. have netter strategies and short-cuts d. use set patterns |
use set patterns |
|
|
How does Levinson describe adulthood? |
a. a long. stable period b. process of continuous change c. rapid changes between stable periods d. stable periods alternating with transitional periods |
stable periods alternating with transitional periods |
|
|
The "big five" personality factors: |
a. showed different patterns of development during middle adulthood b. became the "big three" as adults matured c. go through a series of development stages d. remain relatively stable during the middle adult years |
remain relatively stable during the middle adult years |
|
|
Which is NOT a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love? |
a. passion b. choice c. intimacy d. decision/commitment |
choice |
|
|
A 60 year old man runs a 100-yard dash and feels very short of breath. This never happened to him 20 years ago. This reflects which common physiological change that occurs with aging? |
a. low hormone levels b. less cardiovascular efficiency c. declining agility d. slower neuron conduction |
less cardiovascular efficiency |
|
|
Divorce in middle age is usually more difficult because of: |
a. finances b. loss of self-esteem c. family disruption d. role overload |
loss of self-esteem |
|
|
Regarding intelligence in middle age: |
a. crystallized intelligence increases , while fluid intelligence begins to decline b. fluid intelligence increases, while crystallized intelligence begins to decline c. both crystallized and fluid intelligence increase d. both crystallized and fluid intelligence begins to decline |
crystallized intelligence increases , while fluid intelligence begins to decline |
|
|
___________ grandparents are less likely to be found in the US today than through most of the 20th century. |
a. remote b. involved c. companionate d. traditional |
involved |
|
|
Cross-sectional research on fluid and crystallized intelligence supports which conclusion? |
a. fluid intelligence peaks during young adulthood b. crystallized intelligence peaks during young adulthood c. fluid intelligence first declines in late adulthood d. crystallized intelligence first declines in middleadulthood |
fluid intelligence peaks during young adulthood |
|
|
Middle aged adults have been described as the "sandwich" generation because: |
a. they are now responsible for taking care of grandchildren, including preparing their meals, while their adult children are at work b. as retirees, they now more time at home and are able to eat as a couple c. they face the demands of caring for both their children and their elderly parents d. it is now up to them to pass on a family traditions to their children and grandchildren |
they face the demands of caring for both their children and their elderly parents |
|
|
Which statement best describes research findings regarding personality traits, such as neuroticism and openness, through adulthood? |
a. personality traits are generally stable over the life span b. personality traits usually change dramatically as a function of an adult's experiences c. there is a greater stability of personality traits in childhood than in adulthood d. there is more variation of personality traits in early adulthood than in early adulthood. |
personality traits are generally stable over the life span |
|
|
Which type of thought has been characterized as relativistic and integrative in nature? |
a. concrete operational b. post formal c. preoperational d. sensorimotor |
post formal |
|
|
A person between the ages of 40 and 59 is going to have most difficulty: |
a. reading a wall chart at the eye-care professional's office b. reading the signs c. reading a newspaper d. watching a television at a distance |
reading a newspaper |
|
|
_________ is to outgoing as _______ is to curiosity. |
a. Extroversion; openness b. Openness; conscientiousness c. Extroversion; extroversion d. Openness; extroversion |
Extroversion; openness |
|
|
June experiences great satisfaction through nurturing, guiding and teaching skills to her children. According to Erik Erikson, June is dealing successfully with which psychic task? |
a. Industry vs. Inferiority b. Identity vs. confusion c. Intimacy vs. Isolation d. Generativity vs. stagnation |
Generativity vs. stagnation |
|
|
Fiona, an artist, loves to travel to new places, try new foods, wear outrageous clothes and her personality structure would be best classified as: |
a. openness b. extroversion c. agreeableness d. conscientiousness |
openness |
|
|
The climacteric indicates the end of ____________. |
a. night sweats b. sexual activity c. reproductive capability d. incontinence |
reproductive capability |
|
|
According to Erikson, a middle-aged individual who fails to acquire a sense of generativity is likely to develop which of the following? |
a. neuroticism b. despair c. role strain d. stagnation |
neuroticism |
|
|
James is in computer sales, coaches soccer, is head of the Neighborhood Watch group, goes cycling with his club and could best be described as high in: |
a. neuroticism b. openness c. extroversion d. conscientiousness |
extroversion |
|
|
Grandparents who live on the next street and see their grandchildren every day are defined as: |
a. involved b. remote c. compassionate d. independent |
involved |
|
|
Middle age adults are often called the: |
a. disaffected generation b. over the hill generation c. command generation |
command generation |
|
|
Gould would say that the theme of middle age is: |
a. whatever we do must be done now b. whatever we missed can't be made up c. whatever we want must be found now |
whatever we do must be done now |
|
|
The view that midlife changes are gradual and manageable is the: |
a. acceptance model b. crisis model c. transition model |
transition model |
|
|
The view that midlife changes are abrupt and stressful is the: |
a. acceptance model b. crisis model c. transition model |
crisis model |
|
|
Kessler believes that midlife crisis is: |
a. common to everyone b. a result of feeling stuck c. the exception not the rule |
the exception not the rule |
|
|
Mid-life hearing loss is more common among: |
a. men b. women c. men and women equally |
men |
|
|
The overall physical and emotional changes that reflect the end of reproductive capacity is called: |
a. menopause b. climacteric c. hot flashes |
climacteric |
|
|
Estrogen loss after menopause results in changes in: |
a. bone mass and genitals b. fertility and ovulation c. bone loss and vaginal bleeding |
bone mass and genitals |
|
|
Estrogen loss after menopause is also linked to: |
a. endometriosis b. osteoporosis c. cancer |
osteoporosis |
|
|
Middle age may be a time of less intercourse and more: |
a. abstinence b. exploration c. sensuality |
sensuality |
|
|
The leading cause of death in middle age is: |
a. hypertension b. cancer c. diabetes |
cancer |
|
|
According to the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, many losses of function can be: |
a. fatal b. limited with effort c. stopped or reversed |
stopped or reversed
|
|
|
Lazarus found that little hassles have a greater stress impact than one major stressful event. What helps a person survive stress? |
a. personality and coping style b. investment and life interests c. experience and personality |
personality and coping style |
|
|
Cattell defined fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. Which is most likely to show decline with age? |
a. crystallized b. fluid c. neither |
fluid |
|
|
Middle age adults return to college for many reasons. Choose the reason that is less likely to be a motivator. |
a. to keep pace with technology and job needs b. to experience living in a dorm and going to class c. to complete education interrupted years earlier |
to experience living in a dorm and going to class |
|
|
Which Eriksen stage corresponds with middle adulthood? |
a. Industry vs. Inferiority b. Intimacy vs. Isolation c. Generativity vs. Stagnation |
Generativity vs. Stagnation |
|
|
Which theorist felt that issues of middle and older adult years did not get as much attention as deserved? |
a. Jung b. Peck c. Kegan |
Peck |
|
|
The man who "pseudo-developed" can be described as: |
a. unhappy, alienated b. enjoys fulfillment c. has a facade of wellness |
has a facade of wellness |
|
|
Middle aged adults have an important role in preserving family heritage. They are called: |
a. caregivers b. kinkeepers c. grandparents |
kinkeepers |
|
|
Ther period in which the last child leaves home is called: |
a. empty nest b. post-parenting c. burnout
|
empty nest |
|
|
Being pulled between needs of raising children and aging parents is why middle age adults are called the: |
a. reciprocal caregivers b. sandwich generation c. stressed generation |
sandwich generation |
|
|
Grandparents who want to show up for the fun events, but not the day-to-day care assistance have which grandparent style? |
a. involved b. remote c. companionate |
companionate |
|
|
After divorce, many people remarry. Half of those remarriages: |
a. are better than the first marriage b. end in divorce c. have one or more periods of separation |
end in divorce |
|
|
Remarriage which includes children results in the formation of a: |
a. blended family b. new identity family c. second family |
blended family |
|
|
Middle age adults forced to find a new job often face: |
a. reduced responsibilities b. burnout c. age discrimination |
age discrimination |
|
|
In performing an autopsy on a patient who had shown steady mental deterioration before his death, from memory loss to complete disorientation, a physician finds some brain cells clumped together in tangles, while others are shrunken, while others are shrunken. The patient most likely had ________. |
a. ageing-related b. Parkinson's disease c. Pick's disease d. Alzheimer's disease |
Alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Active euthanasia is: |
a. not administering a prescribed drug that would help keep the patient alive b. Letting the patient die naturally c. the intentional administration of a lethal drug dose by a medical personnel to the dying patient d. allowing the dying patient to decide when painkilling drugs should be administered |
the intentional administration of a lethal drug dose by a medical personnel to the dying patient |
|
|
According to Erikson, an individual who fails to achieve ego integrity will experience which of the following? |
a. a sense of inferiority b. boredom and stagnation c. guilt d. feelings of hopelessness and despair |
feelings of hopelessness and despair |
|
|
Abnormally high blood pressure, sometimes accompanied by headaches and dizziness is called: |
a. hypertension b. a stroke c. atherosclerosis d. glaucoma |
hypertension |
|
|
The order of the stages of dying as proposed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross are: |
a. denial, anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression b. anger, denial, bargaining, depression, acceptance c. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance d. anger, bargaining, acceptance, depression, denial, |
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance |
|
|
The _________ theory of aging states that people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that richochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures. |
a. free-radical b. cellular clock c. wear and tear d. Hayflick limit |
free-radical |
|
|
Widowers are more likely than widows to:a |
a. remain single b. with family members c. experience loneliness d. have better financial resources |
have better financial resources |
|
|
Which of the following is the theoretical proposition that the lifespan of any species is subject to a genetically preprogrammed limit to the number of times cells have the capacity to replicate themselves? |
a. wear and tear theory b. free radicals theory c. the Hayflick limit d. error catastrophe |
the Hayflick limit |
|
|
"Wear and tear" theories of aging emphasize: |
a. the comparision of the human body to a machine that wears out as a result of constant use b. the limited number of times that cells can divide c. an increase in g |
the comparision of the human body to a machine that wears out as a result of constant use |
|
|
Which of the following sensory system changes is most likely to be treated with medicine? |
a. glaucoma b. visual acuity c. cataracts d. detached retina |
glaucoma |
|
|
Dylan watched his father suffer for a year before dying of cancer. Now Dylan wants to be sure that his father retains control over any decisions made concerning how, when and under what circumstances life-sustaining treatments will be used or withheld in the case of his own final illness. To ensure this, Dylan should prepare for his father a: |
a. living trust b. living will c. retirement d. remarriage |
living will |
|
|
_________ is one of the most serious stresses a person can undergo. |
a. death of a spouse b. moving to an active adult community c. retirement d. remarriage |
death of a spouse |
|
|
Which of the following is a true statement about marriages or partnerships in late life? |
a. older women are more likely than older men to date and remarry b. older couples report less pleasure and more conflict in their relationships than do middle-aged couples c. most older couples report that they no longer have sex d. married elders who have a disability receive most of their care and assistance from their spouse |
married elders who have a disability receive most of their care and assistance from their spouse |
|
|
Most older people _________. |
a. are senile b. are helpless c. are healthy, productive, and able d. have a disability |
are healthy, productive, and able |
|
|
Those who adopt a disengagement theory of aging believe that: |
a. as older adults slow down, they gradually withdraw from society b. the more active adults are, the less likely they will age c. the more active adults are, the more satisfied they will be d. reduced social interaction leads to decreased satisfaction with life |
as older adults slow down, they gradually withdraw from society |
|
|
Older adults are in the crisis of development according to Erikson. It's the stage of: |
a. integrity vs. despair b. identity vs. role confusion c. initiative vs. guilt d. generativity vs. stagnation |
integrity vs. despair |
|
|
An individual who was concerned about the effects of aging caused by free radicals would be advised to eat a diet of __________. |
a. that is high in antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and beta carotene b. that includes the daily recommended servings of whole grain breads and cereal c. that minimizes all forms of sugar d. that uses vegetarian sources of protein |
that is high in antioxidants such as vitamins C and E and beta carotene |
|
|
Gertrude earsis seventy five years old. If Erik Erikson's theory of personality is correct, which of the following would be of most concern to Gertrude? |
a. What is the endearing meaning of my life? b. What can I do to help younger people? c. How can I become less lonely? d. What can I do to increase the time that I have left? |
What is the endearing meaning of my life? |
|
|
In Western societies, a widely prevalent attitide that overvalues youth and degrades older people is referred to as: |
a. stereotypes b. discrimination c. ageism d. egocentrism |
ageism |
|
|
Which of the following is NOT typical of hospice care? |
a. make every effort to prolong life b. bring pain under control c. help dying patients face death in a psychologically healthy way d. include the dying individual's family |
|
|
|
The attitude that overvalues youth and degrades older adults is: |
a. sexism b. ageism c. age discrimination |
ageism |
|
|
The grass roots movement to confront social and political issues of aging is: |
a. AARP b. National Council on Aging c. Gray Panthers |
Gray Panthers |
|
|
Old Old includes ages: |
a. 70-79 b. 80-89 c. 90 and over |
80-89 |
|
|
The fastest growing population group is: |
a. over 85 b. under 75 c. over 65 |
over 85 |
|
|
Aging affects all people. What differs is the _______ of aging. |
a. stage b. consistency c. rate |
rate |
|
|
Lifestyle, risks, diseases, or injuries incurred during younger years become part of which aging factor? |
a. Socioeconomic b. Pathological c. Psychological |
Pathological |
|
|
Sensory decline occurs in aging. The most common loss is in: |
a. hearing b. vision c. taste |
hearing |
|
|
After age 65, the majority of deaths are due to cerebrovascular disease,: |
a. contageous diseases and cancer b. cancer and cardiovascular disease c. cardiovascular disease and arthritis |
cancer and cardiovascular disease |
|
|
The recreational drug of choice among older adults is: |
a. marijuana b. crack c. alcohol |
alcohol |
|
|
Senescence is the: |
a. aberrant approach to aging b. normal process of aging c. exceptional path to aging |
normal process of aging |
|
|
Use it or lose is describes which theory of aging? |
a. Activity b. Disengagement c. Tertiary |
Activity |
|
|
Older adults have something that can be more valuable than the rapid information processing ability of youth. They have: |
a. intelligence b. knowledge c. wisdom |
wisdom |
|
|
Alzheimer's is an irreversible: |
a. memory process b. memory impairment c. memory status |
memory impairment |
|
|
A person unable to recognize or respond to family and without the ability of verbal or symbolic communication is in what stage of dementia? |
a. Mild b. Moderate c. Severe |
Severe |
|
|
Reminiscence or recalling memories fulfills which type of need? |
a. Psychological b. Pathological c. Anthropological
|
Psychological |
|
|
Which is the most important factor for life satisfaction at older ages? |
a. Money b. Health c. Marital status |
Health |
|
|
Recent widows and widowers with no siblings often gain social support from: |
a. support groups b. friends c. medical staff |
friends |
|
|
The Kubler-Ross stage in which a person makes promises and tries to negotiate with God for more time is: |
a. denial b. depression c. bargaining |
bargaining |
|
|
The highest rate of suicide is among: |
a. adolescent males b. males over age 80 c. males 65-75 |
males over age 80 |
|
|
Hospitals few death as the enemy of life. Hospice views death as:a. |
a. inevitable and normal b. natural yet painful c. normal and natural |
normal and natural |
|
|
Preparing a "death machine" for a terminally ill patient to use to achieve death is called: |
a. assisted suicide b. euthanasia c. mercy killing |
assisted suicide |
|
|
Experiencing the death of several friends or family members within a short period of time can lead to: |
a. funeral anxiety b. anticipatory grief c. bereavement overload |
bereavement overload |
|
|
A way to make certain that the individual's preferences for death with dignity are honored is with a: |
a. letter of intent b. living will c. probate document |
living will |
|
|
In western culture, funerals and memorial services: |
a. begin a long period of mourning b. are intentionally brief c. make the end of life official |
make the end of life official |
|
|
Grief is more extreme at the death of a: |
a. frail elder b. child c. parent |
child |
|
|
Hospice is a: |
a. hospital b. old age home c. philosophy d. treatment |
philosophy |
|
|
Which of the following is the symptom most closely associated with Alzheimer's disease? |
a. manic behavior b. sensory impairment c. loss of memory d. loss of reflexes |
loss of memory |
|
|
One of the major criticisms of the stages of dying identified by Kubler-Ross is that: |
a. there are too many stages in her theory b. there are not enough stages in her theory c. not everyone goes through the stages in the order she describes d. she does not adequately suggest how people try to cope with each stage |
not everyone goes through the stages in the order she describes |
|
|
The most significant status change of later adulthood is: |
a. retirement b. empty nest c. poverty d. remarriage |
retirement |
|
|
_________ is the processing component through which your current, conscious mental activity occurs. It has 2 functions to store and process information. |
a. sensory register b. knowledge base c. working memory d. control processes |
working memory |
|
|
How is "grief" best defined? |
a. a change in status and role b. the burial rituals used in culture c. an abnormal reaction to death d. an emotional response to loss |
an emotional response to loss |
|
|
During a long terminal illness, the family experiences: |
a. anticipatory grief b. bereavement overload c. chronic grief d. recovery |
anticipatory grief |
|
|
Disconnecting life support equipment to allow death to occur is called: |
a. passive euthanasia b. assisted suicide c. active euthanasia d. natural death |
passive euthanasia |
|
|
Many people become more responsive to nature, and have a higher appreciation of expressive and creative pursuits. This is referred to as: |
a. self-actualization b. life review c. aesthetic sense d. generativity |
aesthetic sense |
|
|
How each person copes with late childhood is in much the same way as he/she coped with earlier periods of life is an example of the _________ theory. |
a. activity b. disengagement c. psychosocial d. continuity |
continuity |
|
|
Memories of remote or historical events are called: |
a. working memory b. secondary memory c. tertiary memory d. old age memory |
tertiary memory |
|
|
Which of the following is NOT a stage of mourning? |
a. shock b. recovery c. despair d. crying |
crying |
|
|
A 23 year old patient is terminally ill. After a long struggle, she realizes that death is inevitable and begins to make preparations for her funeral and burial. This patient is most likely in which of Kubler-Ross' stages of dying? |
a. acceptance b. bargaining c. denial d. depression |
acceptance |
|
|
The process of putting life in perspective occurs in which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development? |
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt b. integrity vs. despair c. intimacy vs. isolation d. generativity vs. stagnation |
integrity vs. despair |
|
|
_________ is a common mechanism in which the person simply refuses to see or accept reality. This can greatly interfere with coping of the reality of death. |
a. depression b. acceptance c. anger d. denial |
denial |
|
|
The goal of palliative care in hospice is to manage: |
a. nutrition b. pain c. disease d. families |
pain |
|
|
_________ is the study of death. |
a. social gerontology b. thanatology c. euthanasia d. bereavement |
thanatology |
|
|
Which of the following is accurate with regard to Western attitudes and behaviors regarding death? |
a. most people now die at home b. historically, death was an unfamiliar event for most people c. denial and avoidance of the subject is common d. none of the above |
denial and avoidance of the subject is common |
|
|
Many adults in late adulthood experience ___________ which is a stress reaction experienced by people who lose several friends or loved ones during a short period of time. |
a. bereavement overload b. endocrine theory c. Hayflick theory d. wear and tear theory
|
Hayflick theory |
|
|
In industrialized nations, the norm is not the: |
a. dual income family b. collectivist family c. nuclear family d. single income family |
nuclear family |
|
|
The goal of palliative care in Hospice is to manage: |
a. pain b. symptoms c. depression d. disease |
pain |
|
|
Twin studies have found three personality traits that are partly inherited. Which of these is not a potentially inherited trait? |
a. Emotionality b. Activity c. Responsibility d. Sociability |
Responsibility |
|
|
Thorndike's law of effect says that when a behavior is pleasant it is: |
a. likely to be repeated b. less likely to be repeated c. not likely to be repeated d. ready to be changed |
likely to be repeated |
|
|
Binge drinking is highest among: |
a. males in fraternities b. females in bars c. males and females d. males who do not attend college |
males who do not attend college |
|
|
The "fundamental pragmatics of life" describes: |
a. wisdom b. intuition c. awareness d. alertness |
wisdom |
|
|
Ethnocentric bias is the belief that our values and customs are: |
a. different and those of others are correctable b. correct and those of others are correctable c. the same of those of others d. correct and those of others are inferior |
correct and those of others are inferior |
|
|
Many black and Hispanic single parents also live in: |
a. public housing b. intergenerational households c. urban communities d. transitional housing |
intergenerational households |
|
|
Suicide is most common among: |
a. teenage boys b. young adult males c. middle age males d. older adult males |
older adult males |
|
|
Prejudice can be based on all these except: |
a. ethnicity b. religion c. group membership d. diversity |
diversity |
|
|
The years of peak vitality, strength and endurance are: |
a. 18-20 b. 20s-30s c. 30-35 d. 40s |
20s-30s |
|
|
The greatest influence on when to retire is: |
a. financial b. social c. health d. pension
|
health |
|
|
During the first month of life outside the womb, the baby is called: |
a. newborn b. fourth trimester c. neonate d. infant |
neonate |
|
|
Which process is used when the ego cannot deal with impulses or guilt? |
a. Defensiveness b. Distraction c. Reality-orientation d. Repression |
Repression |
|
|
Prejudice of aversion to same sex relationships is called: |
a. homosexuality b. sexual orientation c. homophobia d. heterosexuality |
homophobia |
|
|
Which developmental domain is involved with acquiring problem solving skills and learning new information? |
a. Cognitive domain b. Personality domain c. Physical domain d. Sociocultural domain |
Cognitive domain |
|
|
Another name for reading disorder is: |
a. dyslexia b. dysgraphia c. disability d. dyscalculia |
dyslexia |
|
|
Withdrawal from society is an expected consequence of aging. which theory is this? |
a. Activity theory b. Usefulness theory c. Disengagement theory d. Stochastic theory |
Disengagement theory |
|
|
Learning about the culture and social rules is part of which domain? |
a. Cognitive domain b. Personality domain c. Physical domain d. Sociocultural domain
|
Sociocultural domain |
|
|
Which variable is manipulated in experimental research? |
a. Independent b. Incidental c. Dependent d. Contingency |
Independent |
|
|
The Biological Model of human development was created by: |
a. Vygotsky b. Bowlby c. Bronfenbrenner d. Darwin |
Bronfenbrenner |
|
|
Jean Piaget is distinguished from behaviorists because he believed that the mind is a/an ________ participant in learning. |
a. active b. passive c. untapped d. trainable |
active |
|
|
Which is not a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love? |
a. intimacy b. passion c. decision/commitment d. choice |
choice |
|
|
A longitudinal study involves _______ people over a _______ time. |
a. different, short b. the same, long c. various, long d. the same, short |
the same, long |
|
|
The percentage of teens with psychological disorder is: |
a. more than adults b. less than adults c. twice that of adults d. the same as adults |
the same as adults |
|
|
Reigel wanted to add a fifth stage to Piaget's stages to deal with: |
a. contradictions b. validations c. uncertainties d. relativism |
contradictions |
|
|
Which is an example is telegraphic speech? |
a. Ma-ma b. See doggie c. Total immersion d. Wah Wah |
See doggie |
|
|
Adolescence began to be more like what we know of the teenage years after: |
a. the middle ages b. the Great Depression c. the sixties d. World War I |
World War I |
|
|
A mutated gene that causes excessive mucus and requires exhaustive therapy to sustain life. |
a. Down's syndrome b. Cystic fibrosis c. Huntington disease d. Sickle cell anemia |
Cystic fibrosis |
|
|
The climacteric indicates the end of: |
a. hot flashes b. urinary incontinence c. reproductive capability d. night sweats |
reproductive capability |
|
|
What are the first steps to conduct experimental research? |
a. Perform the experiment and report data b. Analyze data and publish findings c. Define the problem and formulate hypothesis d. Formulate hypothesis and define the variables |
Define the problem and formulate hypothesis |
|
|
Gathering large amounts of information about an individual or a community is part of the process for a: |
a. survey b. longitudinal study c. case study d. proposal |
case study |
|
|
A major problem for low birth weight infants is: |
a. temperature control b. eye blinking c. lack of response d. breathing |
temperature control |
|
|
The leading cause of occupational limitation in middle age is: |
a. cancer b. respiratory disease c. heart disease d. arthritis |
arthritis |
|
|
Which of these is a representative sample? |
a. Student inquiries to the college b. All seniors majoring in Physics c. Freshmen with undeclared majors d. Students in the cafeteria |
All seniors majoring in Physics |
|
|
Sufficient abilities to ride a tricycle and throw a ball begin at ages: |
a. 9-12 months b. 13-18 months c. 19-24 months d. 25-30 months |
19-24 months |
|
|
If a trait is expressed, it is a __________ trait. |
a. dominant b. repressed c. secondary d. displayed |
dominant |
|
|
Isolating environmental influences such as ignoring outside noise while studying is called: |
a. habituation b. concentration c. alienation d. insulation |
habituation |
|
|
Classical learning theory shows that when a skill is learned, the progress is _______ and with practice over time, progress is ________. |
a. rapid, increased b. slow, increased c. gradual, rapid d. rapid, gradual |
rapid, gradual |
|
|
A large head, long face and mental retardation is the result of: |
a. Fragile X b. Kleinfelter Syndrome c. Supermale Disorder d. Turner's Syndrome |
Fragile X |
|
|
The physical changes of the adolescent growth spurt differ from: |
a. hormones b. skeletal maturation c. puberty d. brain maturation |
puberty |
|
|
Freud's primitive, hedonistic component of personality is the: |
a. Id b. Ego c. Thanatos d. Superego |
Id |
|
|
Disconnecting life support equipment to allow death to occur is: |
a. mercy killing b. active euthanasia c. passive euthanasia d. assisted suicide |
passive euthanasia |
|
|
Recently divorced men are at risk for: |
a. nutritional deficiencies b. cohabitation c. alcoholism d. bulimia |
alcoholism |
|
|
Which groups are more likely to use the hospital emergency room as a substitute for primary care? |
a. Asians b. Blacks and Hispanics c. Native Americans d. Blacks and Asians |
Blacks and Hispanics |
|
|
Which Erikson stage involves demonstrating competence in school, sports, and among peers? |
a. Initiative vs. Guilt b. Intimacy vs. Isolation c. Industry vs. Inferiority d. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
Industry vs. Inferiority |
|
|
A harmful result of conditioning from a fearful experience can become a: |
a. personality defect b. phobia c. learning experience d. conditioned stimulus |
phobia |
|
|
Strict behaviorists work with: |
a. random behavior b. covert behavior c. overt behavior d. intermittent behavior |
overt behavior |
|
|
The existence of a toy or chair even when out of sight is: |
a. object permanence b. object awareness c. sensory permanence d. sensory awareness |
object permanence |
|
|
Adolescents use metacognition which is related to: |
a. abstract thought b. informal thought c. concrete thought d. operational thought |
abstract thought |
|
|
People are genetically programmed with a set number of years to live based on finite number of cell divisions. Which theory is this? |
a. Wear and Tear b. Stochastic c. Free Radicals d. Biological Clock
|
Biological Clock |
|
|
The primary causes of cognitive decline at older ages is Alzheimer's and: |
a. strokes b. heart attacks c. anesthesia d. apathy |
strokes |
|
|
Which theorist is not accurately matched with his theory? |
a. Thorndike - Law of Effect b. Skinner - Operant Conditioning c. Hull - Classical Learning Theory d. Pavlov - Social Learning Theory |
Pavlov - Social Learning Theory |
|
|
Levinson's Seasons of a Person's Life views middle age as a time of: |
a. intense reflection b. moderate to severe crisis c. personal revelation d. moderate indecision |
moderate to severe crisis |
|
|
The eating rgdisorder characterized by binging and purging is: |
a. elimination b. anorexia c. anoxia d. bulimia |
bulimia |
|
|
Making new information part of existing schemas is: |
a. assimilation b. accommodation c. aspiration d. affiliation |
assimilation |
|
|
A hypothetical model or framework is also called a/an: |
a. blueprint b. paradigm c. assumption d. evaluation |
paradigm |
|
|
Leo Vygotsky found that children understand the world from connections with generations past which involves: |
a. study of history b. immediate surroundings c. socioeconomic status d. shared meaning |
shared meaning |
|
|
If an APGAR score at birth is 7, then the baby is: |
a. in danger b. premature c. normal d. above average |
normal |
|
|
The basic unit of inheritance is the: |
a. gene b.cytoplasm c. nucleus d. mitochondria |
gene |
|
|
An alteration in DNA during mitosis or meiosis is a: |
a. new meiosis b. mutation c. magnification d. secondary mitosis |
mutation |
|
|
Among Baumrind's four parenting styles, which is more likely to produce children who are self-reliant and socially competent? |
a. Authoritative b. Permissive c. Authoritarian d. Indifferent |
Authoritative |
|
|
Sterility, small genitalia and undescended testicles is the result of: |
a. Fragile X b. Kleinfelter Syndrome c. Supermale Disorder d. Turner's Syndrome |
Kleinfelter Syndrome |
|
|
Young children are likely to fear all except: |
a. strangers b. loud noises c. death d. falling |
death |
|
|
Ethnocentrism is the opposite of: |
a. ethnic purity b. cultural diversity c. discrimination d. cultural maintenance |
cultural diversity |
|
|
Adolescents feel that everyone sees them and judges them. This is: |
a. ethnocentrism b. vanity c. egocentrism d. false belief |
egocentrism |
|
|
Teratogens are: |
a. necessary nutrients b. part of infertility treatment c. substances harmful to the fetus d. growth hormones |
substances harmful to the fetus |
|
|
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the most basic need is: |
a. self-actualization b. safety c. physiological d. esteem |
physiological |
|
|
Deliver in e breech position puts the fetus at risk for: |
a. shoulder injury b. anoxia c. aphasia d. crowning |
anoxia |
|
|
Teem smokers generally start smoking because of: |
a. advertisements b. gender issues c. peer pressure d. health benefits |
peer pressure |
|
|
The ability to speak or write is: |
a. cursive language b. receptive language c. bilingual ability d. productive language |
productive language |
|
|
According to Ainsworth, an infant who displays anger and avoidance of the caregiver is showing which type of attachment? |
a. Resistant b. Avoidance c. Secure d. Disorganized |
Resistant |
|
|
The fetus reaches the age of viability at: |
a. 20 weeks b. 24 weeks c. 30 weeks d. 32 weeks |
24 weeks |
|
|
The most common autosomal disorder is: |
a. Kleinfelter's Syndrome b. PKU c. Down's Syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease |
Down's Syndrome |
|
|
After menopause, women are at risk for bone loss due to: |
a. genetic changes b. estrogen loss c. progesterone increase d. hormone replacement |
estrogen loss |
|
|
Receptive language is the ability to: |
a. use words b. combine words c. interpret words d. understand words |
understand words |
|
|
The visual cliff test's an infant's: |
a. near sightedness b. far sightedness c. balance d. depth perception |
depth perception |
|
|
Regardless what happens in a lifetime, Atchley says people remain true to: |
a. religious beliefs b. their inner core c. social status d. their family of origin |
their inner core |
|
|
Which of these infant reflexes will continue throughout life? |
a. Palmar b. Babinski c. Stepping d. Papillary |
Papillary |
|
|
Havinghurst's Developmental Tasks of Adulthood was based on who's work? |
a. Riegel b. Erikson c. Kohlburg d. Rogers |
Erikson |
|
|
The major causes of death for persons over 65 are all except: |
a. cardiovascular disease b. cerebrovascular disease c. Alzheimer's disease d. cancer |
Alzheimer's disease |
|
|
Schaie believed that what makes adult thinking distinctive is its: |
a. accuracy b. intensity c. viability d. flexibility |
flexibility |
|
|
A change in body proportions that emphasizes near to far and growth from the midline outward is: |
a. cephalocaudal b. proximodistal c. gross to specific d. specific to gross |
proximodistal |
|
|
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development contends that young children learn most from activities slightly _______ their competence. |
a. beyond b. above c. within d. over |
beyond |
|
|
Inadequate amounts of food over long periods which cause muscles to deteriorate is called: |
a. poor nutrition b. marasmus c. starvation d. maternal neglect |
marasmus |
|
|
The translation of external stimulation into neural impulses is: |
a. perception b. integration c. sensation d. discernment |
sensation |
|
|
In Sternburg's Triangular Theory of Love the middle stage is: |
a. decision b. intimacy c. passion d. commitment |
commitment |
|
|
Which of the following is not associated with vision? |
a. cataract b. glaucoma c. visual acuity d. hypertension |
hypertension |
|
|
Which is an early representation of symbolic representation for a toddler? |
a. Stepping b. Waving goodbye c. Clapping hands d. Touching nose |
Clapping hands |
|
|
Chomsky believed that children are _________ to learn a language. |
a. taught b. drilled c. preprogrammed d. predestined |
preprogrammed |
|
|
An increasing problem among 10-13 year olds is: |
a. lateralization b. accidents c. obesity d. coordination |
obesity |
|
|
Becoming parents brings all of the following except: |
a. social status b. new roles c. more flexibility d. new responsibilities
|
new responsibilities |
|
|
Sexual abuse of girls is most often committed by: |
a. fathers b. uncles c. grandfathers d. stepfathers |
stepfathers |
|
|
Right handedness comes from: |
a. family pattern b. left side of the brain c. right side of the brain d. neurons |
left side of the brain |
|
|
The leading cause of preventable death among adults 25-44 is: |
a. HIV/AIDS b. cancer c. heart disease d. accidents |
accidents |
|
|
Older adults are in the final Erikson stage of: |
a. Generativity vs. Stagnation b. Initiative vs. Guilt c. Identity vs. Role Confusion d. Integrity vs. Despair |
Integrity vs. Despair |
|
|
Using current APA standards for research, the Little Albert experiment would be: |
a. useful to repeat for new norms b. forbidden as unethical c. ethical if the parents approve d. ethical if the university committee approves |
forbidden as unethical |
|
|
By age 3, a child can use gross motor skills without consciously planning each movement. This process is called: |
a. maturity b. localization c. automaticity d. subordination |
automaticity |
|
|
The result of liberalization of teen attitudes toward sex include all except: |
a. triple pregnancy rates b. spread of STDs c. increased abstinence d. increase in HIV |
increased abstinence |
|
|
Havinghurst's Stages of Vocational Life considers the way: |
a. people are involved with work at various jobs b. corporations promote from within c. people of different ages choose jobs d. people contemplate life |
people are involved with work at various jobs |
|
|
The "deviation IQ" was a concept developed by: |
a. Binet b. Weschler c. Terman d. Sanford |
Weschler |
|
|
White's theory of motivation claims that actions done to gain a reward or avoid punishment is _________ motivated behavior. |
a. reward b. goal c. intrinsically d. extrinsically |
extrinsically |
|
|
Sociocultural differences between people at different age groups is: |
a. cohort effect b. incidental effect c. confounding d. reliability |
cohort effect |
|
|
The period when the last child leaves home is the: |
a. pre-retirement period b. transitional period c. empty nest d. role reversal |
empty nest |
|
|
Which of these is accurate in regard to maturation? |
a. All periods are critical periods b. There are critical periods and sensitive c. Sensitive periods are the most important d. There are critical periods but no sensitive periods |
There are critical periods and sensitive |
|
|
Depressive symptoms are more likely to be seen among: |
a. black teens b. white and Asian teens c. all ethnicities d. Hispanic teens |
white and Asian teens |
|
|
In matters of flexibility and adaptation, growing up bilingual is a/an: |
a. detriment b. disadvantage c. advantage d. achievenment |
advantage |
|
|
According to Parten's levels of social interaction in play, playing together without interacting is an example of: |
a. solidarity play b. parallel play c. onlooker play d. associative play |
parallel play |
|
|
Butler recommends that the way to resolve old conflicts and reestablish meaning is by: |
a. writing an biography b. visiting old friends c. life review d. phototherapy |
life review |
|
|
Adolescents begin to spend less time with family and more time: |
a. in school b. with peers c. playing sports d. studying |
with peers |
|
|
A male version of menopause is: |
a. impotence b. the seven year itch c. erectile dysfunction d. not proven to exist |
not proven to exist |
|
|
In abusive situations, death is most common for children: |
a. under age 3 b. ages 3-6 c. ages 4-5 d. ages 6-10 |
under age 3 |
|
|
Watching long hours of TV violence can lead to ___________ behavior in children. |
a. prosocial b. indifferent c. aggressive d. inconsistent
|
aggressive |
|
|
Which of Baumrind's four parenting styles give no reason to rebel yet tends to produce rebellious, aggressive children? |
a. Authoritative b. Permissive c. Authoritarian d. Indifferent |
Permissive |
|
|
What is the term we use to describe a personality with a complete blend of masculine and feminine traits? |
a. Asexual b. Bisexual c. Androgynous d. Homogeneous |
Androgynous |
|
|
Kessler found that midlife crisis is more common among the: |
a. working b. affluent c. poor d. unemployed |
affluent |
|
|
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences details 8 types of intelligence. A child who relates well to feelings of others has which type of intelligence? |
a. Apatial b. Interpersonal c. Naturalistic d. Intrapersonal |
Interpersonal |
|
|
A test that measures a child's performance against a standard of specific skills is: |
a. criterion referenced b. valid c. norm referenced d. reliable |
criterion referenced |
|
|
Boys who lust for their mothers and fear castration by their fathers may have a/an: |
a. Electra complex b. guilt complex c. Oedipus complex d. Victorian complex |
Oedipus complex |
|
|
Children's complaints of growing pains are real, the result of: |
a. sleeping too much b. skeletal maturation c. brain wave changes d. inadequate exercise |
skeletal maturation |
|
|
The ability to think about thinking is: |
a. advanced thought b. maturation c. metacognition d. cognitive decline |
metacognition |
|
|
According to Kubler-Ross, a person who rejects the terminal diagnosis and starts searching for a magic cure is in which stage of death? |
a. Anger b. Bargaining c. Acceptance d. Denial |
Denial |
|
|
Muscle training exercises can help older adults: |
a. walk without a walker b. run marathons c. rebuild damaged heart muscles d. double or triple strength |
double or triple strength |
|
|
What is an infant's preferred sound? |
a. Mother's voice b. Father's voice c. Soft music d. Water sounds |
Mother's voice |
|
|
Reminiscence or recalling memories fulfills a _________ need of older adults. |
a. psychological b. cognitive c. interpersonal d. social |
psychological |
|
|
If a test measures what it claims to measure, then it has a good: |
a. reliability b. norms c. validity d. predictability |
validity |
|
|
Sternberg's model of Successful Intelligence advocates capitalizing on ________ and compensating for ____________. |
a. intelligence, deficits b. abilities, weaknesses c. intelligence, needs d. strengths, weaknesses |
strengths, weaknesses |
|
|
Children who are mentally retarded have differing abilities. Among the classifications, which children will not benefit from formal education? |
a. mild b. basic c. moderate d. profound |
profound |
|
|
What are the final steps in experimental research? |
a. Perform the experiment and report data b. Analyze data and publish findings c. Define the problem and formulate hypotheses d. Formulate hypotheses and define the variables |
Analyze data and publish findings |
|
|
During a long term illness the family experiences: |
a. anticipatory grief b. many "little deaths" c. respite periods d. bereavement overload |
anticipatory grief |
|
|
The menstrual period in females can occur as early as: |
a. 7 years of age b. 9.5 years of age c. 12.5 years of age d.15 years of age |
9.5 years of age |
|
|
B.F. Skinner used various stimuli in his animal experiments including rewards and... |
a. punishments b. reinforcements c. food d. motivation |
punishments |
|
|
The greatest influence on a child's language development is... |
a. talking with adults b. watching educational TV c. talking with peers d. learning phonics |
talking with adults |
|
|
Sexual abuse leaves lifelong scars on the individual's.... |
a. body and beliefs b. identity and self-esteem c. psyche and subconscious d. belief system and attitudes |
identity and self-esteem |
|
|
The adolescent who daydreams that his father is a millionaire and his mother a movie star who left him on the doorstep of an ordinary couple is using... |
a. magical thinking b. foundling fantasy c. personal fable d. wishful thinking |
foundling fantasy |
|
|
Levinson found that job change in middle age may be due to... |
a. lack of promotions b. travel demands c. cost of commuting d. burnout |
burnout |
|
|
In Western culture, the period of grief is intended to be... |
a. two years b. short, then return to normal life c. lifelong d. revisted at an annual celebration |
short, then return to normal life |
|
|
Teens tend to discuss their ideas with their _________ and homework with __________. |
a. mother, friends b. father, teacher c. father, mother d. mother, siblings |
father, mother |
|
|
Freud's stages deal with sexual issues while Erikson's stages cover the..... |
a. lifespan b. total person c. brain responses d. adult ages |
lifespan |
|
|
Drug use is often linked to... |
a. college enrollment b. delinquent behavior c. family disruption d. high school dropouts |
delinquent behavior |
|
|
The benefits of living in a retirement-only community are all except... |
a. recreation b. isolation c. cost savings d. lower maintenance |
isolation |
|
|
What is the greatest predictor of suicide risk for adolescents? |
a. Talk of suicide b. Giving away possessions c. Drug use d. Previous attempt |
Previous attempt |
