Excelsior College Nc-1

Front 1

Compliance

Back 1

The ability of the arteries to contract and expand

Front 2

Cardiac Output

Back 2

Stroke Volume x Heart rate

Front 3

Tidal Volume

Back 3

During normal inspiration and expiration, an adult takes in about 500 mls of air

Front 4

External resps

Back 4

interchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and pulmonary blood

Front 5

internal resps

Back 5

happens throughout body

Front 6

Resp controlled by

Back 6

A. medulla oblongata, and pons in brain
B. by chemoreceptors located centerally in medulla nad periph in the carotid and aortic bodies.

Front 7

Ideal Body Weight Female

Back 7

Rule of 5's Female (105lbs for 5 ft of height +6lbs for each inch over, 10% for body frame size

Front 8

Ideal Body weight Male

Back 8

Rule of 6's Male (106 lbs for 5 ft of height +6lbs for each inch over 5ft, 10% for body frame size.

Front 9

BMI- Body mass index

Back 9

BMI= Weight in kilograms
____________________
2
(Height in meters)

Front 10

Embryionic phase

Back 10

Pd during which the fertilized ovum dev into organism with most features.

Front 11

Embryo tissue's three layers

Back 11

Ectoderm(outer layer)
Mesoderm (middle layer)
Endo or Ectoderm (inner layer)

Front 12

Puberty

Back 12

Girls- 10-14 yrs
Boys- 12-16yrs

Front 13

psysiologic indicators of stress

Back 13

Pupils dilate, sweat production, heart rate and output increase, H2O and sodium retention, urinary output decreases, rate and depth of resp increase, dialation of bronchials, skin is paile d/t constriction of periph bl veswsels, peristalsis decreases, bl. sugar increases, mouth dries, mental awareness increases

Front 14

Fire, Class A, B, and C... What is each class?

Back 14

Class A: Paper,upolstery,rags
Class B:Flammable liq and gas
Class C: Electrical

Front 15

What to do in case of fire

Back 15

1.Protect and evacuate
2. Report
3Contain
4.Extinguish
or RACE rescue, alarm, contain, extingu

Front 16

Water Pumps -extinguisher

Back 16

Class A
Do not use on electrical or flammable liq. fires d/t splash

Front 17

Carbon Dioxide CO2 -extinguisher

Back 17

Class B and C
Limited range, must be used close to the flames- small surfaces only

Front 18

Dry Chemicals -extinguisher

Back 18

Class B and C
causes grease to splatter, small fires only

Front 19

Multi purpose- extinguisher

Back 19

Good anywhere in the home because they put out most types of fires

Front 20

Foam

Back 20

Class B
For home use this type of extinguisher could be placed in garage or basement

Front 21

Special dry powders

Back 21

Class D
only for use with designated metals

Front 22

Water Pumps -extinguisher

Back 22

Class A
Do not use on electrical or flammable liq. fires d/t splash

Front 23

Carbon Dioxide CO2 -extinguisher

Back 23

Class B and C
Limited range, must be used close to the flames- small surfaces only

Front 24

Dry Chemicals -extinguisher

Back 24

Class B and C
causes grease to splatter, small fires only

Front 25

Multi purpose- extinguisher

Back 25

Good anywhere in the home because they put out most types of fires

Front 26

Foam

Back 26

Class B
For home use this type of extinguisher could be placed in garage or basement

Front 27

Special dry powders

Back 27

Class D
only for use with designated metals

Front 28

Bacteriocins

Back 28

some microorganisms found in intestines produces these substances, which are lethal to related strains of bacteria

Front 29

Virulence

Back 29

The microorg ability to produce dz

Front 30

Iatrogenic infections

Back 30

As direct result of dx or therapeutic procedures

Front 31

What are the basic characteristics of the nursing process?

Back 31

A) universally applied in a variety of settings
B) Cyclical and dynamic
C) patient centered
D) Interpersonal and collaborative

Front 32

What is the required competencies of the nurse in order to apply the Nursing process effectively?

Back 32

1) cognitive
2) Technical
3) Inerpersonal

Front 33

What are the 5 parts tot he nursing process?

Back 33

1) Assessment
2) Analysis
3) Planning
4) implementation
5) Evaluation

Front 34

What are the parts of assessment?

Back 34

* establish a database (patient history)
* Continually update the database (adding lab\\xray)
*document in retrievable form ( chart data pertinent to nursing diagnosis)

Front 35

What are the parts of analysis?

Back 35

* Set priorities based on the patients development level. Based on maslows hierarchy of needs, based on optimal resources.
*Determine clinical problems that require collaboration with other health care professionals
* Establish expected outcomes for care related to health promotion, health maintenance and health restoration.
* incorporate factors influencing the patients health status (age, sex....)

Front 36

What are the 4 parts of the planning phase?

Back 36

* use nursing measures appropriate to the patients identified health problems
* Provide information and instruction related to the patients identified health problem
* Use nursing measures to promote continuity of care.
* Record and report the patients response to nursing actions .

Front 37

What are the 3 parts of the evaluation process

Back 37

* Reassess and revise the patients plan of care as necessary.
* Determine the patients response to care provided by other members of the health care team.

Front 38

Nursing definition

Back 38

according to the American Nurses Assoc. nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems

Front 39

Nursing process

Back 39

systematic method of assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing and evaluating the care required by any patient in any setting. nursing process is a clinical framework and themeans by which the majority of the Nurse Practyice Acts in the US define practice of nursing

Front 40

assessment

Back 40

process by which nurse collects and analyzes data about the client

Front 41

Implementation

Back 41

may include any of these activities, intervening, delegating, and coordinating

Front 42

Evaluation

Back 42

the process of determining both the clients progress toward the attaining of expected outcomes and the effectiveness of nursing care

Front 43

Standard of clincial nursing practice

Back 43

established by American Nurses Assoc. divided into two subsets standars of care adn standards of professional performance

Front 44

standards of care

Back 44

1. assessment, 2.diagnosis, 3. outcome ID 4. planning, 5. implementation, 6. evaluation

Front 45

Standards of professional performance

Back 45

1. quality of care, 2. performance appraisal, 3. education 4. collegiality, 5. ethics 6. collaboration 7. research, 8. Resource Utilization

Front 46

focused health assesment

Back 46

performing selected portions of the history and examination. - primary tool by which nurses nurture and sustain life and contribute to the success of the health care team

Front 47

performing selected portions of the history and examination. - primary tool by which nurses nurture and sustain life and contribute to the success of the health care team

Back 47

referrs to the data collection process that occurs in a life threatening situation

Front 48

Time lapsed nursing assessment

Back 48

repeated assessment obtained to compare data collected at one or more points in time with baseline data

Front 49

primary data

Back 49

nurse derives directly from the patient, can be subjective or objective

Front 50

secondary data

Back 50

data derived from all other sources. the sum of all primary and secondary data is the patients database

Front 51

Baseline data

Back 51

data taken at the time of the first encounter

Front 52

objective data

Back 52

data capable of being verified

Front 53

secondary data

Back 53

sources include the patients family and friends, other nurses and professionals

Front 54

Gordon's typology of Functional Health patterns

Back 54

method to organize data

Front 55

valid data

Back 55

only valid data is documented, to be valid data must be accurate, complete, and factual. ie recording slept well is an assumtion that may or may not be factual.

Front 56

nursing diagnosis

Back 56

are derived from assessment. are also called conclusions. the subject of the dx may be a patient, family or community. may be health or life problem. nursing dx directs the planning of patient goals and the selection of appropriate nursing interventions

Front 57

components of a nursing dx

Back 57

consists of a dx label, the defenition of the dx and its defining characteristics, related factors and risk factors. the dx label is the name of the diagnosis, each dx has its own defenition.

Front 58

defining characteristics

Back 58

part of each nursing dx. defining characteristics are like manifestations of the diagnosis or signs or symptoms

Front 59

related factors

Back 59

part of each nursing dx. show some sort of pattern in relationship to the dx. factors may be causative, antecedent to the dx, are associated with a dx are contributing to the dx or are abetting a dx

Front 60

risk factors

Back 60

refer to those variables that increase a patients vulnerability to developing an actual nursing dx

Front 61

types of nursing dx

Back 61

actual, risk and wellness

Front 62

actual diagnosis

Back 62

refers to a human response to a health condition or life process that is happening now at the present time

Front 63

risk diagnosis

Back 63

refers to a diagnosis that is likely to occure in a vulnerable person

Front 64

wellness diagnoses

Back 64

refer to human responses to achieve even greater levels of welleness. the dx name or label includes the words potential for enhanced or readiness for enhanced

Front 65

formulating nursing diagnoses

Back 65

dx may be documented in one of 3 ways, 1. using the dx name or label alone 2. along with its related factors 3. using the name related factor and defining characteristics

Front 66

prioritizing nursing diagnosis

Back 66

1. physiological needs 2. safety needs 3. social needs 4. esteem needs 5. self actualization needs

Front 67

ANA standard of care on Diagnosis

Back 67

Anurse analyzes the assessment data in determining diagnoses
dx are validated with the patient, family etc. dx are documented in a menner that facilitates the determination of expected outcomes and plan of care

Front 68

Nursing dx outcomes

Back 68

must be time measurable, and attainable.

Front 69

Nursing dx goals

Back 69

patient centered future oriented and action / direction oriented. always expressed in terms of patients goals to be achieved. most often use the very will do not refer to a nurses to do list, not statements of what tx are to be performed

Front 70

outcomes

Back 70

statements of reportable observable, or measurable results expected to occur as a reslt of nursing interventions

Front 71

Discharge planning

Back 71

begins at the time the patient is admitted. involves active participation from the pt. family etc. is faciliated by an interdisciplinary team approach and requires teaching so that the patient or family is capable of managing post discharge care

Front 72

handwritten care plans

Back 72

handwritten onto kardex which includes patients id and background info, listing of patients dx's and listing of problem specific interventions

Front 73

Standardized care plans

Back 73

handwritten onto kardex which includes patients id and background info, listing of patients dx's and listing of problem specific interventions

Front 74

Standardized care plans

Back 74

Joint Commission for the Accrediation of Healthcare Organizations supports the use of standardized plans. they are specific for dx, allow for addl or deletion to accomodate agency policies, sprovide space to tailor, are included in the patients chart

Front 75

policies

Back 75

written instructions designed to address a commonly occurring problm in an institutionally approved manner

Front 76

protocols

Back 76

are institutionally approved `preprinted detailed instructions on how to perform specific clinical tasks

Front 77

standing orders

Back 77

are institutionally and departmentally approved instructions granting the nurse the authority to act in the bsence of a physician

Front 78

independent nursing intervention

Back 78

include repositioning a patient in bed who is at risk of impaired skin integrity.

Front 79

dependent nursing intervention

Back 79

ordered by a Dr. or carried out under a physicians supervision for the treatment of a medical dx.

Front 80

Terminal evaluation

Back 80

evaluation of outcomes which occurs prior to the discharge of a patient from the hospital or prior to a case being closed in a community setting.

Front 81

Quality of nursing care evaluation

Back 81

looks at structure, process and outcomes

Front 82

structure

Back 82

the setting or the environment in which the care is given

Front 83

process

Back 83

the appropriateness of the care given and wheterh policies and procedures were followed to maximize patient safety, minimize medication error, minimize infections , and insure patients and families feel welcome

Front 84

outcome evaluation

Back 84

examines such quality indicators as number of patient falls, number of new pressure ulcers formed, number of postoperative wound infections and number of tube fed patients developing aspiration pneumonia

Front 85

audit

Back 85

a record or chart review

Front 86

concurrent audit

Back 86

uses interview, obersravtion and a chart reviwe to evaluate ongoing practice.

Front 87

peer review

Back 87

is an audit perfomred by one's colleagues, using standards of practice or other standardized criteria to evaluate performance

Front 88

planning

Back 88

first step is to identify expected outcomes for each of the actual diagnoses and frame them in terms of patient goals

Front 89

to observe is to ?

Back 89

gather data by using senses

Front 90

2 aspects of observation?

Back 90

noticing the data / selecting, organizing and interpreting the data

Front 91

an interview is?`

Back 91

a planned communication or a conversation with a purpose

Front 92

physical contact is used only if?

Back 92

it has a therapeutic purpose

Front 93

during the assessment phase the nurse would?

Back 93

validate data

Front 94

analysis?

Back 94

the seperation of parts

Front 95

synthesis

Back 95

putting parts together

Front 96

what is PES format?

Back 96

three part nursing diagnosis statement:
Problem/Etiology/S&S

Front 97

base diagnosis on?

Back 97

patterns / on behavior over time-rather than isolated incidence

Front 98

etiology of hypothermia

Back 98

malnutrition

Front 99

planning?

Back 99

delibrate/systemic phase that involves decision making`

Front 100

parts of Planning ?

Back 100

prioritze problems/
formulategoals/desired outcomes/select nursing interventions/write nursing orders

Front 101

for q nsg dx, rn must write at least one?

Back 101

desired outcome; when achieved directly demonstrates resolution of the problem clause

Front 102

implementing consists of ?

Back 102

doing and documenting

Front 103

Implementing?

Back 103

reassessing the client
determine rn need for help
implement rn interventions
supervise delgated care
document rn activites

Front 104

1st 3 nursing phase, aseesing, diagnosing, planning provide?

Back 104

the basis for the rn actions performed during implementation

Front 105

cognitive skills

Back 105

include problem solving, decision making, critical thinking and creativity

Front 106

interpersonal skills

Back 106

are all the activities, verbal and nonverbal when interacting with one another

Front 107

Nutrition

Back 107

sum of all interactions between an organism & the food it consumes

Front 108

Nutrients

Back 108

organic & inorganic substances found in foods & are required for body functioning

Front 109

energy-providing nutrients

Back 109

Carbs, fats, proteins

Front 110

Carbs are composed of the elements

Back 110

carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O)

Front 111

Carbs are two basic kinds

Back 111

simple (sugars)
complex (starches & fiber)

Front 112

Sugars

Back 112

simplest of all carbs
-water soluble
-produced naturally by plants & animals

Front 113

sugars may be:

Back 113

monosaccharides (single molecule)
disaccharides (double molecule)

Front 114

3 monosaccharides:

Back 114

-glucose (most abbundant)
-fructose
-galctose

Front 115

Starches:

Back 115

insoluble, nonsweet forms of carbs
-polysaccharide(branch chains of dozens of glucose molecules)

Front 116

Fiber:

Back 116

-complex carb derived from plants
-cannot be digested by humans
-present in outer layer of grains, bran, pulp of many fruits and vegs

Front 117

Major enzymes of carb digestion:

Back 117

ptyalin (salivary amylase)
-pancreatic amylase
the disaccharides: maltase, sucrase & lactase

Front 118

Enzymes

Back 118

biologic catalysts that speed up chemical reations

Front 119

Carbs are stored as:

Back 119

glycogen
-fat

Front 120

Glycogen

Back 120

large polymer of glucose

Front 121

glycogenesis

Back 121

glycogen formation

Front 122

Protein

Back 122

organic substance composed of amino acids
contains (C), (H), (O) and (N)

Front 123

Essential amino acids

Back 123

cannot be manufactured by the body

Front 124

Nine essential amino acids

Back 124

threonine, leucine, isoeucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine

Front 125

Arginine

Back 125

appears to have role in immune system

Front 126

Nonessential amino acids

Back 126

body can manufacture

Front 127

Ten nonessential amino acids

Back 127

glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, proline, hydroxyproline, cystine, tyrosine, serine

Front 128

Complete proteins

Back 128

contain all essential amino acids include:
most animal-meats, poultry, fish, diary products & eggs

Front 129

Incomplete proteins

Back 129

lack one or more essential amino acis ( most commonly lysine, methionine or tryptophan)

Front 130

Complementary proteins

Back 130

combination of two of more vegetables make complete protein

Front 131

Protein metabolism include thre activities

Back 131

-anabolism(building tissue)
-catabolism(breking down tissue)
-nitrogen balance

Front 132

Lipids

Back 132

organic substances that are greasy & insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ether

Front 133

Fats

Back 133

lipids solid at room temp

Front 134

Oils

Back 134

lipids liquid at room temp

Front 135

Fatty acids

Back 135

made up of carbon chains & hydrogen and are basic structure unit of most lipids

Front 136

Saturated fatty acids

Back 136

carbon atoms are filled to capacity with hydrogen

Front 137

Monosaturated fatty acids

Back 137

fatty acid with one double bond of carbon

Front 138

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Back 138

more than one carbon double bond( or many carbons not bonded to a hydrogen atom)

Front 139

Lipids are clssified as

Back 139

simple and compound

Front 140

Triglyceride

Back 140

has 3 fatty acids, account for more than 90% of the lipids in food and in the body

Front 141

Cholesterol

Back 141

fatlike substance produced by both the body and found in foods of animal origin

Front 142

Cholesterol is needed for

Back 142

create bile acids and to synthesize steriod hormones

Front 143

Lipoproteins

Back 143

made up of various lipids and proteins

Front 144

Vitamin

Back 144

organic compound that cannot be manufactured by the body & is needed in small quanities to catalyze metabolic processes

Front 145

Water-soluble vitamins

Back 145

C,B-complex vitamins:B1(thiamine),B2(riboflavin), B3(Niacin), B6(pyridoxine, B9(floic acid, B12(cobalamin, pantothenic acid & biotin

Front 146

Fat-soluble vitamins

Back 146

A,D,E & K

Front 147

Minerals

Back 147

found in organic compound, as inorganic compounds, and as free ions

Front 148

Calcium and phophorus make up

Back 148

80% of all mineral elements in the body

Front 149

Macrominerals-amount

Back 149

those required daily by people in amounts over 100mg

Front 150

Macrominerals

Back 150

calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, sulfur

Front 151

Microminerals-amount

Back 151

less than 100mg

Front 152

Microminerals

Back 152

iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, fluoride, copper, cobalt, chromium, selenium

Front 153

Caloric value

Back 153

amount of energy that nutrients or food supply to the body

Front 154

Large calorie

Back 154

amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water 15 to 16 degrees Celsius

Front 155

Energy liberated from metabolism

Back 155

Carb- 4 cal
Protein- 4 cal
Fat- 9 cal
Alcohol- 7 cal

Front 156

Metabolism

Back 156

refers to all biochemical & physiologic processes by which the body grows and maintians itself

Front 157

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Back 157

rate at which the body metabolizes food to maintian energy requirements of a person awake and at rest

Front 158

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

Back 158

amount of energy required to maintain basic body functions

Front 159

Gallstones

Back 159

can block flow of bile, common cause of lipid digestion

Front 160

Diseases of the Pancreas

Back 160

can affect glucose metabolism or fat digestion

Front 161

Lactose intolerance

Back 161

30 to 50 million Americans
75% of African Americans & American Indians
90% of Asian Americans

Front 162

date and sign the plan

Back 162

essential for evaluation, review, and future planning. nse's signature demonstrates accountability

Front 163

catagory headings

Back 163

"nursing dx","goals or desired outcomes", nursing interventions", "evaluation".

Front 164

Use standardized medical or English symbols rather than complete sentences

Back 164

for example Turn and repositon q2h instead of turn and reposition every two hours.

Front 165

Be specific

Back 165

shifts can be 8 hours or 12 hours. witing orderes needs to have specific times and not q shift

Front 166

refer to procedure book or other sources

Back 166

for steps of care such as trach care, write see procedure book instead of writting out all steps

Front 167

tailor plan to unique characteristics of the client by ensuring client choices such as time preferences, and methods are included

Back 167

reinforces clients individuality and sence of control

Front 168

ensure careplan incorporate preventative and health maintenence aspects as well as restorative

Back 168

for example, active range of motion to affected limbs q2h. prevents contractures and maintains muscle strength

Front 169

ensure care plan has interventions for ongoing assessment

Back 169

for example, inspect incision q8h

Front 170

include collaborative and coordination activies

Back 170

for example, PT OT ST or nutritionist consult

Front 171

include plans for client discharge and home care needs

Back 171

often necessary to consult and make arrangements with community health nurse, social worker,and specific agencies that supplythat supply client info and eqipment. add teaching and discharge planning as an addendaif are lengthy and complex.

Front 172

The Planning Process- processs of developing client care plans

Back 172

1 set priorities
2 establish desired goals and patient outcomes
3 selecting nursing interventions
4 writing nsg orders

Front 173

components of a goal

Back 173

subject, verb, conditions or modifiers,criterion for desired performance

Front 174

components of a nsg order

Back 174

date, action verb, content area, time element, signature

Front 175

cognitive skills

Back 175

intellectual skills

Front 176

interpersonal skills

Back 176

all activities, verbal and nonverbal, people use when interacting directly with one another.

Front 177

technical skills

Back 177

hands on skills

Front 178

evaluation is...

Back 178

continuous

Front 179

evaluation statements

Back 179

consists of conclusion and supporting data. statement that goal was met, partially met or not met.

Front 180

inflammation and local infection

Back 180

pain, swelling, redness, heat and impaired function

Front 181

systemic infection

Back 181

fever, elevated pulse,elevated respirations, malaise, loss of energy, anorexia, n&v, enlarged and/or tender lymph nodes. leucocytes > 11,000, elevated ESR.

Front 182

wound healing

Back 182

absence of bleeding or clots binding the edges, inflammation at wound edges at first then decrese in inflammation as clot deminishes, scar formation, diminished scar over peiod of months to years.

Front 183

The Helping Relationship

Back 183

interpersonal relationships or interpersonal relationships

Front 184

Preinteraction phase

Back 184

similar to planning phase prior to an interview. nurse has some limited information

Front 185

introductory phase

Back 185

orientation phase or prehelping. sets tone for the rest of the relationship. client may display some resistive behaviors

Front 186

working phase

Back 186

nse helps client explore thoughts, feelings, actions and helps the client plan a programor action tomeet preestablished goals

Front 187

skin integrity

Back 187

normal is prescence of normal skin and skin layers uniterrupted by wounds. skin integrity is first line of defense against infection.

Front 188

parts of med orders.

Back 188

clients full name, date and time order was written, name of drug to be administered,dosage of med route of admin, signature of Dr or nurse making drug request.

Front 189

sterile field

Back 189

micro-organism free area

Front 190

all objects in a sterile field must be sterile

Back 190

all articles are sterile with the field,always check package for intactness, check expiration date, storage areas needs to be clean, dry, off the floor and away from sinks.

Front 191

sterile objects become unsterile when touched by unsterile objects

Back 191

handle sterile objects that will touch open wounds or enter body cavities only with sterile forcepts or sterile gloves

Front 192

sterile items that are out of site or below the waist level of the nurse are considered unsterile

Back 192

once left unattended field in unsterile, do not turn back to sterile field, only front part of sterile gown from waist to shoulders and 2in above the elbowsto the cuff of the sleeve is condiered sterile, keep sterile gloves above waist and in sight and only touch sterile things, once a sterile field becomes unsterile, it must be set up again before proceeding.

Front 193

sterile objects can become unsterile by prolonged exposure to airborne micro-organisms

Back 193

moving air can carry dust particles and microorganisms, keep doors closed and traffic to a minimum, keep areas clean by damp cleaning with a germicide, keep hair clean and contained to keep it from falling into a sterile field, wear surical caps in OR, no sneezing or coughing over sterile field, nse with URI needs to refrain from doing procedures, keep talking to a minimum over a sterile field, do not reach over a sterile field

Front 194

fluids flow in the direction of gravity

Back 194

always hold forceps with the tips below the handles, after surgical hand washing, hold hands higher than the elbows.

Front 195

moisture that passes through a sterile field draws microorganisms from unsterile surfaces to sterile surfaces by capillary action

Back 195

sterile moisture proof barriers are used beneath sterile objects, keep sterile covers on sterile containers dry, replace sterile field when they become moist

Front 196

the edges of a sterile field are considered unsterile

Back 196

a 1 inch margin at each edge of an open drape is considered unsterile because the edges are in contact with unsterile surfaces

Front 197

Skin is unsterile and cannot be sterilized

Back 197

use sterile gloves or sterile forceps to handle sterile items, wash hands to reduce number of microrganisms

Front 198

Conscientous, alertness, and honesty are essential qualities in maintaining surgical asepsis

Back 198

when an object becomes unsterile it does not necessarily change in appearance, person who sees an object become unsterile must correct or report situation do not set up a sterile field ahead of time or future use

Front 199

application of heat to a wound

Back 199

increases capillary permeability, increases cellualr metabolim increases inflammation sedative effect, vasodilation. softens exudateincreases blood flow to specific area bringing oxygen, nutrients, antibodies an leukocytes.

Front 200

drug half life

Back 200

time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of a drug to one- half what ot was at initial administration

Front 201

use of fire extinguishers

Back 201

PASS- Pull pin, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

Front 202

fluid volume deficit

Back 202

occurs when the body loses both water and electrolytes.goals include maintain or restore fluis balance, maintain or restore normal balance of electrolytes in the intracellular and extracellular compartments, maintain or restore pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation, prevent associated resks ( tissue breakdown, decreased cardiac output, confusion, other neurolgic signs).

Front 203

sensory overload

Back 203

occurs when a person is unable to process or manage the amount or intensity of sensory stimuli. imterventions can include minimizing unnecessary distraction, control pain, introduce self by name and address client by name, provide orientation cues, provide a private room, limit visitors, plan care to allow for uninterrupted periods of sleep and rest speak in a low tone and in a unhurried mannor, provide new info gradually, describe procedure and tests before hand. reduce noxious odors, take time to duscuss clients problems, assist client with stress reducing techniques