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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the structural levels of organization?
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Atoms~Molecules~Organelles~tissues~organs~systems
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What is the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids
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Essential - Need to be included in the diet; Nonessential - can be found or created in the body
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What are the 3 polysaccharides (complex sugars)
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1- Starch (plants) 2- Glycogen (liver) 3- Cellulose (cant eat)
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Lateral
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toward the side of the body or away from the midline
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Proximal
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Nearest “TOWARD” the trunk or origin (attachment to the body.)
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distal
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Furthest “AWAY” from the trunk or point of origin (attachment to the body.)
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saggital plane
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front to back; divides body into RIGHT and LEFT sides
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frontal plane (coronal)
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length side to side; anterior and posterior (front/back)
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transverse/horizontal/cross sectional plane
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divides the body (or any parts) into upper and lower parts.
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parasaggittal
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A cross section through the body (or any part) in the sagittal vertical plane parallel to the median plane. Sectioning in the sagittal plane results in a right and a left portion, an anatomical parasagittal section may be a two-dimensional view of the cut surface.
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What is the function of the integumentary system
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skin ~ separates internal environment from external
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What is the function of the skeletal system
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supports, protects, and moves body
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What is the function of muscular system
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powers and directs skeletal movements
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What is the function of the nervous system
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regulatory system - senses changes, integrates and sends signals to effectors.
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What is the function of the endocrine system
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regulates internal enviroment by secreting hormones through blood to target area
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What is the function of the lymphatic system
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drains excess fluid from tissues, cleans it and returns it to the blood
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What is the function of the respiratory system
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exchanges O2 with CO2 between
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What is the function of the digestive system
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breaks down nutrients from the external environment and absorbs them into the internal environment.
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What is the function of the urinary system
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excretes excess water, salt and other substances
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What is the function of the reproductive system
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produces sex cells to form offspring
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What is the function of the immune system
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defends internal environment against injury from foreign cells and other irritants
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Facilitated Diffusion
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another molecule (like insulin) helps something (like glucose) move across a membrane PASSIVE
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Osmosis
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movement of H20 from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Down gradient; PASSIVE
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Active Transport
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moves against gradient - PumP; ACTIVE
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Exocytosis
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bringing something out of the cell- (think unswallowing lol - reverse endocytosis)
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Endocytosis
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Bringing in something by surrounding it - swallowing
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Phagocytosis
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FOOD to eat;
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Pinocytosis
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cell DRINKING
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Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
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(activators) something must sit on receptor to start the process of surrounding it
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Hypertonic
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Cell has more liquid; sucks OUT of cell; Shrink - crenate
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Hypotonic
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cell less than the liquid; sucks INTO the cell from the osmostic pressure; swell- lyse
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Isotonic
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same pressure in cell and in the solution; no change in cell size
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Diffusion
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Natural phenomenon caused by the tendency of small particles to spread out evenly within any given space. ?Diffusion – Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration;
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simple diffusion
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Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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Chondroblast
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(cartilage) A cell of growing cartilage tissue.
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Elastic Fibers
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( yellow fibers) bundles of proteins (elastin) of connective tissue (Stretch and Recoil-skin)
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Reticular Fibers
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Delicate fibers; made of collagen: reticulin; occur in small networks such as capillaries and nerve fibers.
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Keratin
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Tough, fibrous protein substance in hair, nails, outer skin cells, and horny tissues.
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Melanin
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Brown pigment primarily in skin and hair.
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Ceruminous Gland
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Gland that produces earwax. (waxy substance called cerumen)
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Eccrine Sweat Gland
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MOST ABUNDANT; palms, soles of feet, and forehead; Ducts empty on SURFACE;
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Apocrine Sweat Gland
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Sweat glands located in axillae (armpit) & genital regions; begin to function at puberty; Ducts empty into HAIR FOLLICE
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Sensible Perspiration
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The perspiration excreted in large quantity; appears as moisture on the skin.
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Insensible Perspiration
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the loss of body fluid by evaporation. (B4 perceived as moisture on skin)
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1) List four major types of tissue:
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Epithelial, Connective, Musclar, and Nervous
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Simple Cuboidal Epithelial
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Location: kidney tubules; glands – Function: Secretion & Absorption
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Simple Columnar Epithelial
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Location: small intestine – Function: Secretion & Absorption ( can have microvilli or cillia)
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial–
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Location: trachea – Function: Secretion & Propulsion of mucus with cilia
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Stratified Squamous Epithelial
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Location: Esophogus, mouth, vagina– Function: Protection
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Fibrous (Connective Tissue Proper)
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Location: Dermis – Function: Support
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Areolar
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F: Cushions organs & support/protection; L- around (packaging organs) & under epidermis
MOST ABUNDANT CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
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Dense regular conn. Tissue
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L: tendons & ligaments F: Muscle to Bone; Bone to Bone
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Dense irregular
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L dermis of skin F protection/ strength in all directions
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Hyline (cartilage)
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F: supports and reinforces L: costal cartilage of rubs; embryonic skeleton
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Axial
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central skeleton; skull - auditory ossicles - hyoid bone - ribs - sternum- vertebral column; 80 Bones
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Appendicular
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bones of the upper and lower extremities and they connect to the axial (126 bones)
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Collagen Fibers
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White
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Serous Pericardium (Epicardium)
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– Consists of two layers: Parietal layer (lining inside the fibrous pericardium) and Visceral layer (Outer layer of the heart wall.)
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