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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ulcrer treatment Medical
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Medical
Triple Therapy – antimicrobials, antacids , H2 blockers |
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Ulcrer treatment Surgery
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Surgery
Pyloroplasty Vagotomy Gastrectomy Betroth 1 Bilroth II Total |
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Dumping Syndrome ?
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when the lower end of the small intestine (jejunum) fills too quickly with undigested food from the stomach. Symptoms of early dumping include nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, and shortness of breath
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Nursing Diagnosis -GI Disorders
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Fluid volume defecient
Nutrition less than body requirements Breathing pattern , ineffective Skin integrity Pain , acute or chronic Body image disturbance Knowledge defecient |
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Hepatitis A
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Caused by an RNA virus
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Hepatitis A
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Hepatitis A Clinical Manifestations
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• Many patients are anicteric and symptom less
• When symptoms appear they are mild • Flu like • Upper respiratory infection • Low grade fever • Anorexia is an early symptom • Often severe • Later jaundice and dark urine may be present |
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Hepatitis A
Diagnostics |
• Stool for hepatitis A antigen
• Serum hepatitis A virus antibodies |
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Hepatitis A
Prevention |
• Vaccine recommended for high risk groups
• Harvix • Immune globulin to prevent hepatitis A if given within 2 weeks of exposure |
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Hepatitis B
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Caused by a DNA virus
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Hepatitis B
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• May be insidious and variable
• Loss of appetite • Dyspepsia • Abdominal pain • General aching • Malaise and weakness • Jaundice may or not be evident • Liver may be tender and enlarged • Spleen may be enlarged • Posterior cervical lymph nodes may also be enlarged |
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Hepatitis B
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• Alpha interferon is promising
• Bed rest and restriction of activities while • Liver enlarged • Bilirubin elevated • Liver enzymes increased • Maintain adequate nutrition • Restrict proteins when liver is impaired • Antacids/antiemetics for dyspepsia • Convalescence may be prolonged • Encourage gradual activity after complete clearing of jaundice • Include family in planning patients care |
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Hepatitis C
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Cirrhosis
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• Diffuse inflammation and fibrosis
• Structural changes due to fibrosis • Loss of liver function • Liver cell death • Scar tissue formation • Changes in circulation through the liver |
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Pathophysiology of The Cirrhotic Liver
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Cirrhotic Liver Clinical Manifestations
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Cirrhotic Liver Clinical Manifestations
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• Liver enlargement.
• Portal obstruction. • Constipation/Diarrhea. • Spider telangiectases on face and trunk. • Vitamin deficiency (A,C, and K). • Varices in esophagus, stomach, rectum. • Decreased plasma proteins resulting in edema. |
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Cirrhotic Liver Clinical Manifestations
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• Increased aldosterone production
• Anemia from poor diet and decreased G.I. function • Renal failure • Infections • Deterioration of mental function • Pruritis |
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Cirrhotic Liver Lab Tests
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Cirrhosis – Nursing Assessment
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Cirrhosis – Nursing Implementation
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Cirrhosis – Nursing Implementation
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Cirrhosis – Nursing Implementation
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Cirrhosis Complications.
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• Observe for melena, blood in stools.
• Avoid straining at stool. • Keep equipment ready for bleeding varices. |
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Portal Hypertension
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Manifestations of P.H.
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Ascites
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Ascites
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Ascites – Nursing Assessment
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Ascites - Nursing Intervention
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Ascites - Nursing Intervention
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Paracentesis
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Bleeding Esophageal Varices
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Medical Management of Varices
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Medical Management of Varices
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Ascites - Nursing Intervention
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Paracentesis
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Bleeding Esophageal Varices
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Medical Management of Varices
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Medical Management of Varices
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Balloon Tamponade
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Balloon Tamponade Nursing interventions
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• Deflate balloon to decrease erosion and necrosis
• Teach how to decrease risk of varices rupture • No straining |
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Balloon Tamponade
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Bleeding Esophageal Varices – Nursing Assessment
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Bleeding Esophageal Varices – Nursing Interventions
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