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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication:
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The process of treating symbol systems that convey information and meaning
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Culture:
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The symbols of expression that individuals, groups, and societies use to make sense o daily life and to articulate their values; a process that delivers the clues of a society through products or other meaning-making forms.
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Mass Media:
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The cultural industries-the channels of communications- that produce and distribute songs, novels, news, movies, online computer services, and other cultural products to a large number of people.
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Media Convergence:
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The first definition involves the technological merging of media content across various platforms. The second definition (cross platform) describes a business model that consolidates various media holdings under one corporate umbrella.
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Selective Exposure:
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The phenomenon whereby audiences seek messages and meanings that correspond to their preexisting beliefs and values.
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Media Literacy:
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An understanding of the mass communication process through the development of critical-thinking tools-description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, engagement- that enable a person to become more engages as a citizen and more discerning as a consumer of mass media products.
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High Culture:
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A symbolic expression that has come to mean “good taste”; often supported by wealthy patrons and corporate donors, it is associated with fine art.
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Low Culture:
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A symbolic expression allegedly aligned with the questionable tastes of the “masses,” who enjoy the commercial “junk” circulated by the mass media, such as soap operas, rock music, talk radio, comic books, and monster truck pulls.
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Critical Process :
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The process whereby a media-literate person or student studying mass communication forms and practices employs the techniques of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement.
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Partisan Press:
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An early dominant style of American journalism distinguished by opinion newspapers, which generally argued one political point of view or pushed the plan of the particular party the subsidized the paper.
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Penny Papers:
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Refers to newspapers that, because of technological innovations in printing, were able to drop their price to one cent beginning in the 1830s’ thereby making papers affordable to working and emerging middle classes and enabling newspapers to become a genuine mass medium.
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Human-Interest Stories:
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News accounts that focus on the trials and tribulations of the human condition, often featuring ordinary individuals facing extraordinary challenges.
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Yellow Journalism:
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A newspaper style or era that peaked in the 1890s, it emphasized high-interest stories, sensational crime news, large headlines, and serious reports that exposed corruption particularly in business and government.
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Objective Journalism:
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A modern style of journalism that distinguishes factual reports from opinion columns; reporters strive to remain neutral toward the issue or event they cover, searching out competing points of view among the sources for a story.
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Newshole:
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The space left over in a newspaper for news content after all the ads are placed.
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Joint Operating Agreement (JOA)
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: In the newspaper industry, an economic arrangement, sanctioned by the government, that permits competing newspapers to operate separate editorial divisions while merging business and production operations.
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Magazine:
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A nondaily periodical that comprises a collection of articles, stories, and ads.
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Muckrakers:
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Reporters who used a style of early-twentieth century investigative journalism that emphasized a willingness to crawl around in society’s muck to uncover a story.
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General-Interest Magazines:
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Types of magazines that address a wide variety of topics and are aimed at a broad national audience.
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Photojournalism:
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The use of photos to document events and people’s lives.
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Webzines:
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A magazine that publishes on the Internet.
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Supermarket Tabloids:
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Newspapers that feature bizarre human-interest stories, gruesome murder tales, violent accident accounts, unexplained phenomena stories, and malicious celebrity gossip.
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Papyrus :
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One of the first substances to hold written language and symbols; obtained from plan reeds found along the Nile River.
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Parchment:
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Treated animal skin that replaced papyrus as an early pre-paper substance on which to document written language.
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Codex:
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An early type of book in which paper like sheets were cut and sewed together along an edge, then bound with thin pieces of wood and covered with leather.
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Illuminated Manuscripts:
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Books from the Middle Ages that featured decorative, colorful designs and illustrations on each page.
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Block Printing:
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A printing technique developed by early Chinese printers, who hand-carved characters and illustrations into a lock of wood, applied ink to the block, and then printed copies on multiple sheets of paper.
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Printing Press:
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A fifteenth-century invention whose movable metallic type technology spawned modern mass communication by creating the first method for mass production; it reduced the size and cost of books, made them the first mass medium affordable to less affluent people, and provided the impetus for the Industrial Revolution, assembly-line production, modern capitalism, and the rise of consumer culture.
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Dime Novels:
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Sometimes identified as pulp fiction, these cheaply produced and low-prices novels were popular in the US beginning in the 1860s.
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Pulp Fiction:
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A term used to describe many late-nineteenth century popular paperbacks and dime novels, which were constructed of cheap machine-made pulp material.
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E-Book:
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A digital book read on a computer or electronic reading device.
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E-Publishing:
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Internet-based publishing houses that design and distribute books for comparatively low prices for authors who want to self-publish a title.
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Pop Music:
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Popular music that appeals either to a wide cross section of the public or to sizable subdivisions within the larger public based on age, region, or ethnic background; the word pop has also been used as a label to distinguish popular music from classical music.
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Jazz :
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An improvisational and mostly instrumental musical form that absorbs and integrates a diverse body of musical styles, including African rhythms, blues, big band, and gospel.
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Cover Music:
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Songs recorded or performed by musicians who did not originally write or perform the music; in the 1950s cover music was an attempt by white producers and artists to capitalize on popular songs by blacks.
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Rock Music:
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Music that mixed the vocal and instrumental traditions of popular music; it merged the black influences of urban blues, gospel, and R&B with the white influences of country, folk, and pop vocals.
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Payola:
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The unethical (but not always illegal) practice of record promoters paying deejays or radio programmers to favor particular songs over others.
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Oligopoly:
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In media economics, an organizational structure in which a few firms control most of an industry’s production and distribution resources.
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Online Piracy:
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The illegal uploading, downloading, or steaming of copyrighted material, such as music.
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Telegraph:
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invented in the 1840s, it sent electrical impulses through a cable from a transmitter to a reception point, transmitting Morse code.
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Radio Waves:
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A portion of the electromagnetic wave spectrum that was harnessed so that signals could be sent from a transmission point and obtained at a reception point.
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Wireless Telegraphy:
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The forerunner of radio, a form of voiceless point-to-point communication; it preceded the voice and sound transmissions of one-to-many mass communication that became known as broadcasting.
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Broadcasting:
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The transmission of radio waves or TV signals to a broad public audience.
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Narrowcasting:
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Any specialized electronic programming or media channel aimed at a large audience.
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Radio Act of 1912:
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The first radio legislation passed by Congress, it addressed the problem of amateur radio operators increasingly cramming the airwaves.
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Network:
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A broadcast process that links, through special phone lines or satellite transmissions, groups of radio or TV stations that share programming produced at a central locations.
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Transistors:
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Invented by Bell Laboratories in 1947, these tiny pieces of technology, which receive and amplify radio signals, make portable radios possible
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FM:
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Frequency modulation: a type of radio and sound transmission that offers static-less reception and grater fidelity and clarity than AM radio accentuating the pitch or distance between radio waves.
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AM:
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Amplitude modulation; a type of radio and sound transmission that stresses the volume or height of radio waves.
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Rotation:
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In format radio programming, the practice of playing the most popular or best-selling songs many times throughout the day.
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Top 40 Format:
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The first radio format, in which stations played the forty most popular hits in a given week as measured by record sales.
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Satellite Radio:
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Pay radio services that deliver various radio formats nationally via satellite.
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Podcasting:
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A distribution method that enables listeners to download audio program files from the Internet for playback on computers or digital music players.
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Payola:
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The unethical (but not always illegal) practice of record promoters playing deejays or radio programmers to favor particular songs over others.
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Analog:
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In television, broadcast signals made of radio waves used before 2009.
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Digital:
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In television, the type of signals that are transmitted as binary code.
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Prime Time:
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In television programming, the hours between 8 and 11 p.m., when networks have traditionally drawn their largest audiences and charged their highest advertising rates.
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Must-Carry Rules:
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Rules established by the FCC requiring all cable operators to assign channels to and carry all local TV broadcasts on their systems thereby ensuring that local network affiliates, independent stations ( those not carrying network programs), and public television channels would benefit from cable’s clearer reception.
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Basic Cable:
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In cable programming, a tier of channels composed of local broadcast signals, non-broadcast access channels (for local government, education, and general public use), a few regional PBS stations, and a variety of cable channels down linked from communication satellites.
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Premium Channels:
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In cable programming, a tier of channels that subscribers can order at an additional monthly fee over their basic cable service, these may include movie channels and interactive services.
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Sketch Comedy:
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Short television comedy skits that are usually segments of T variety shows; sometimes known ad vaudeo, the marriage of vaudeville and video.
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Situation Comedy:
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A type of comedy series that features a recurring cast and set as well as several narrative scenes; each episode establishes a situation, complicates it, develops increasing confusion among its characters, and then resolves the complications.
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Anthology Dramas:
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A popular form of early TV programming that brought live dramatic theater to television; influenced by stage plays, anthologies offered new teleplays, casts, directors, writers, and sets from week to week.
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Chapter Show:
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In television production, any situation comedy or dramatic program whose narrative structure includes self-contained stories that feature a problem, a series of conflicts, and a resolution from week to week.
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Third Screens:
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The computer type screens on which consumers can view television, movies, music, newspapers, and books.
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Time Shifting:
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The process whereby television viewers tape shows and watch them later, when it is convenient for them.
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Deficit Financing:
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In television, the process whereby a TV production company leases its programs to a network for a license fee that is actually less than the cost of production; the company hopes to recoup this loss later in rerun syndication.
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Evergreens:
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In TV syndication, popular, lucrative, and enduring network reruns, such as I love Lucy.
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First-Run Syndication:
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In television, the process whereby new programs are specifically produced for sale in syndication markets rather than for network television.
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