Exam1

Front 1

CELL

Back 1

structural and functonal unit of life and living organisms

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TISSUE

Back 2

group of cells that perform one function

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ORGAN

Back 3

provide specific functions for the organism

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ORGAN SYSTEM

Back 4

have specific function; composed of organs

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ORGANISM

Back 5

an individual living thing

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BACTERIA

Back 6

are prokaryotic (no nucleus); and unicellular (one cell)

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ARCHEA

Back 7

are prokaryotic; mostly unicellula and can survive in extreme conditions

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PROKARYOTES

Back 8

simple and smaller; contains no nucleus ex:BACTERIA , ARCHAEA

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EUKARYOTES

Back 9

cell contains nucleus; has organelles separated by membranes

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POPULATION

Back 10

organisms of the same species

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COMMUNITY

Back 11

organisms of different species

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BIOSPHERE

Back 12

all the environment on Earth that supports life

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HYPOTHESIS

Back 13

a proposed explanation for a set of observations

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PRIMARY SUCCESSION

Back 14

when ecological succession begins in a virtually lifeless area with no soil

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NICHE

Back 15

the sum of biotic and abiotic resources of its environment

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PREDATION

Back 16

interaction where one species (predator) kills and eats another (the prey)

Front 17

CAMOUFLAGE

Back 17

natural selection; allows to escape from predators

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COMPETITION

Back 18

when populations of two different species compete for the same limited resource

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EUTROPHICATION

Back 19

The process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates.

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PRODUCERS

Back 20

photosynthetic organisms that provide food

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PRIMARY CONSUMERS

Back 21

herbivores that eat plants, algae, and phytoplankton
ex:insects,snails,grazing mammals, birds, shrimp

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SECONDARY CONSUMERS

Back 22

eats primary consumers; consist of small mammals, birds frogs, spiders, small fish

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PESTICIDE POLLUTION

Back 23

the pollution of food, fodder, fields, and the environment with pesticides

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SAPROPHYTE

Back 24

any organism that lives on dead organic matter, as certain fungi and bacteria.

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DECOMPOSER

Back 25

derive energy from dead matter;break down dead plants and animals. They also break down the waste (poop) of other organisms.

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DETRITIVORES

Back 26

scavengers that feed on waste

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SPECIES RICHNESS

Back 27

total number of species

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SPECIES ABUNDANCE

Back 28

proportion of species

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PERMAFROST

Back 29

frozen soil in the Tundra region

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EVAPORATION

Back 30

The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and carried off in, vapor

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CONDENSATION

Back 31

Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.

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PRECIPITATION

Back 32

falling of water in the form of rain, snow, hail, sleet

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ESTUARY

Back 33

where a river meets with freshwater (sea)

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PHOTIC ZONE

Back 34

s the depth of the water in a lake or ocean, that is exposed to sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis to occur; twilight

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APHOTIC ZONE

Back 35

is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight

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SECONDARY SUCCESSION

Back 36

when a disturbance has destroyed an existing community but left the soil intact

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BENTHIC ZONE

Back 37

bottom of the ocean

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PELAGIC ZONE

Back 38

surface of the ocean (open ocean); photosynthesis performed by plankton

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TERRESTRIAL BIOMES

Back 39

are categorized by climate and plant life

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TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

Back 40

most diverse ecosystem; occur in warm, moist belt along the equator
large scale human destruction and endangered species

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DESERTS

Back 41

no grass/trees, cactus grow; significant environmental problem caused by sandunes

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SAVANNAS

Back 42

grasslands with scattered trees; low and unpredictable rain fall; most animals are nocturnal

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CHAPARRAL

Back 43

a shrubland with cool, rainy winters and dry, hot summers

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PARASITE

Back 44

contain nutrients from living organisms ex: tapeworms

Front 45

TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS

Back 45

in the interiors of the continents, where winters are cold; grasslands no trees

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2 components of an ecosystem

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1) flow of energy 2) recycling of nutrients

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Carbon Cycle

Back 47

plants take carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose; animals get glucose in bodies when they poop, waste sends glucose back to the soil

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TEMPERATE BROADLEAF FOREST

Back 48

Dominant temperate forest; grow in moist areas leaves have different pigments (red,yellow, orange)

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CONIFEROUS FOREST

Back 49

or taiga, is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth; long cold winters and short wet summers

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TUNDRA

Back 50

treeless biome characterized by extreme cold, wind, and permafrost

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Rachel Carson

Back 51

first to perceive the global dangers of pesticide abuse

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Rachel Carson's first book

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silent springs

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ECOLOGY

Back 53

is the study of the interactions of organisms with their environments

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BIOSPHERE

Back 54

is composed of living communities and nonliving physical and chemical factors

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CYTOLOGY

Back 55

study of cells

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TAXONOMY

Back 56

classification of organisms

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ECOSYSTEMS

Back 57

All organisms living in a particular area

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GENETICS

Back 58

study of characters and variation

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ATP

Back 59

serves as a energy packet

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ORGANELLE

Back 60

made up of molecules

Front 61

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

Back 61

ORGAN,TISSUE,CELL,ORGANELLE, MOLECULES

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Back 62

plants can convert radiant energy (sunlight) into chemical energy

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DNA

Back 63

in nucleus of the cell, genetic materia of cells

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GENE

Back 64

a segment unit of DNA

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2 KINDS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

Back 65

DNA and RNA

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CAN BACTERIA SURVIVE IN HIGH ALKALINE SITUATIONS?

Back 66

NO

Front 67

THEORY

Back 67

supported by a growing body of science

Front 68

bioremediation

Back 68

oil eating bacteria

Front 69

FOOD CHAIN

Back 69

linear chain of food transfer up the trophic levels

Front 70

FOOD WEB

Back 70

a network of interconnecting food chains

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KEYSTONE SPECIES

Back 71

species whose impact on its community is much larger than its biomass or abundance ex: hippos, starfish, seaurchins

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INVASIVE SPECIES

Back 72

animals not native to a land that become overpopulated

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BIOMASS

Back 73

total amount of living organic matter

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NITROGEN FIXING ORGANISMS

Back 74

bacteria 1)Rhizobiium 2)Cyanobacteria- conversion of nitrogen to nitrate

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CO-EVOLUTION

Back 75

change in one species act as a new selesctive force on another;
ex: passiflora and heliconius catapillar

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MECHANICAL DEFENSE

Back 76

horns, hard shell, thorns, spikes

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CHEMICAL DEFENSE

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nicotine, morphine, venom

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MUTUALISM

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benefits both species