Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Africa
|
Has many countries and is the second largest continent in the world
|
|
human geography
|
the way things and people are spread out in an area is called
|
|
equator
|
the imaginary line around the centre of the earth half way between the North and South poles( called 0 degrees latitude).
|
|
poles
|
the North and South ends of an axis around which the earth rotates
|
|
Compass Rose
|
a tool to find direction used on maps (shows North, South, East and West).
|
|
axis
|
an imaginary line that goes through the centre of the earth between the North and South poles.
|
|
Geography
|
the study of our world, its people, and places
|
|
Geographer
|
the person who describes and analyzes the human and physical characteristics of the world
|
|
Place
|
Geography theme that deals with an ares that is defined by everything in it
|
|
Nile
|
the longest river in the world:
|
|
Child labour
|
work that is harmful to a child’s health, does not pay fairly, and interferes with a child obtaining a childhood, education or friendshipsA
|
|
Map
|
a two dimensional representation of the earth
|
|
parallels
|
imaginary lines that run from East to West that are used the show distance from the equator.
|
|
longitude/meridians
|
imaginary lines that run from North to South that are used the show distance from the Prime Meridian.
|
|
Prime Meridian
|
the baseline used to measure east-west location on the surface of the earth in terms of lines of longitude
|
|
Great Rift Valley
|
a geographic trench found in Kenya
|
|
time zone
|
any of the 24 longitudinal divisions of the earth’s surface in which a standard time is kept. Is a world-wide system for telling time
|
|
International Dateline
|
an imaginary line of longitude that is opposite the Prime Meridian and located in Greenwich, England
|
|
Eurasia
|
Largest continent in the world
|
|
Sahara Desert
|
Largest desert in the world
|
|
continent
|
any of the six large land masses with geologically meaningful boundaries
|
|
island
|
land that is surrounded by water on all sides
|
|
peninsula
|
a piece of land jutting out into the ocean from the mainland surrounded by water on three sides.
|
|
topography
|
the surface features of the earth such as mountains, hills, plateaus and plains.
|
|
mountain
|
a high rugged landform.
|
|
plain
|
a broad flat or gently rolling area of land.
|
|
plateau
|
a broad flat or gently rolling area that is higher (elevated) above its surroundings.
|
|
elevation
|
the distance or height above sea level.
|
|
river
|
- a natural channel of water flowing toward a lake or ocean.
|
|
lake
|
- a body of water surrounded by land.
|
|
gulf
|
- formed when the ocean makes a large indent into land forming a semi-circle
|
|
strait
|
- a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.
|
|
Pangaea
|
- the name of a supercontinent that existed of 200 million years ago.
|
|
Legend or key
|
part of a map explains what the various symbols/lines mean
|
|
Coastline
|
land along the sea or ocean.
|
|
cave
|
a large hole in the side of a hill or mountain
|
|
erosion
|
- the action of wearing away of the Earth’s surface by air, water and ice
|
|
Atlantic Ocean
|
An ocean east of North America and one of 6 oceans on the earth
|
|
5 themes of geography
|
Location, place, region, movement and human/environment interaction
|
|
glacier
|
- a gigantic body of ice that is found in mountain and polar regions.
|
|
absolute location
|
-the exact location of something on the earth using coordinates of latitude and longitude
|
|
Suez Canal
|
Connects the red sea to the Mediterranean Sea
|
|
Relative location
|
The location of a place in relation to other places
|
|
hemisphere
|
A half-sphere view of the earth created by geographers to identify a large part of the earth e.g. northern, southern, eastern or western
|
|
landforms
|
A particular land surface feature, such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain
|
|
slavery
|
A system of forced labour, in which some people are treated as property to be bought and sold and not as persons with rights
|
|
Pacific Ocean
|
The ocean found on Canada’s west coast and one of the world’s six oceans
|
|
weather
|
The day to day state of the atmosphere, including temperature and precipitation
|
|
latitude
|
The distance of a place north or south of the equator measured in degrees
|
|
longitude
|
The distance of a place east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees
|
|
permafrost
|
Permanently frozen ground, about 1 meter beneath the surface.
|
|
Movement
|
Geography theme dealing with the way people, products, information and ideas move from one place to another
|
|
precipitation
|
Water (in any form) falling to Earth.
|
|
climate
|
Pattern of weather in a particular place measured over at least 30 years.
|
|
Low latitude
|
Climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.
|
|
region
|
Geography theme dealing with an area that is defined by everything in it
|
|
equatorial
|
Climate located from 0 to 30 latitude North and South of the equator
|
|
Arctic Ocean
|
Ocean found north of Canada
|
|
Tropic of Cancer
|
Line of latitude 23.5 north of the equator
|
|
sulphur dioxide
|
gas produced by industry that when mixed with moisture in the atmosphere creates acid rain
|
|
evaporation
|
Water changes into a vapor or gas.
|
|
Tropic of Capricorn
|
Line of latitude 23.5 south of the equator
|
|
tropics
|
Area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
|
|
Carrying capacity
|
The number of people the earth or part of the earth can support
|
|
atmosphere
|
The layer of air that surrounds the earth.
|
|
hydrosphere
|
All the water on the earth’s surface forms this.
|
|
Biosphere
|
The layer of living things around the surface of the earth.
|
|
Location
|
Geography theme which includes the latitude and longitude of a particular place
|
|
Ecology
|
The study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.
|
|
Ecosystem
|
The environment of a community of plants and animals.
|
|
Earth quake
|
Shaking of the earth’s crust caused by tectonic or volcanic action.
|
|
Eco-footprint
|
measures the amount of resources you use/take up
|
|
Volcano
|
A mountainous vent in the earth’s crust
|
|
Trees
|
The best vehicle to clean the air of carbon dioxide
|
|
Temperate forest
|
A region with naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons usually agricultural or urban plus high population density.
|
|
Discrimination
|
The act of treating an individual unfairly because the person belongs to a particular group. Is an action
|
|
Carbon dioxide,methane & CFC’s
|
the three most important gases causing global warming
|
|
Tropical rainforest
|
A region with many species of plants and animals, that is very warm, and receives a lot of rainfall plus low population density.
|
|
Taiga or boreal
|
A region in the northern hemisphere with long cold winters and short warm summers plus low precipitation.
|
|
Tundra
|
A region that has long cold winters, permafrost plus low population density.
|
|
Polar
|
A region with cold, dry, climate with glaciers considered unsuitable for human settlement.
|
|
Savanna
|
A region with dry and wet seasons with tropical grassland plus low population density.
|
|
Monsoon
|
A region that is naturally forested with a wet and dry season that has been changed by rice cultivation plus high population density.
|
|
Desert
|
A region with little precipitation that may be either hot or cold plus low population density.
|
|
ecocentric
|
A view of the world that focuses on the importance of the natural environment instead of human interests.
|
|
biodiversity
|
The number and variety of organisms in a region.
|
|
anthropocentric
|
A view of the world where humans are the most important species.
|
|
sustainable
|
Development that meets our current needs without risking future generations.
|
|
conservation
|
Management of a region to protect so it will be maintained, restored, enhanced and protected for future generations.
|
|
Disposable personal income
|
Personal income that remains after bills and taxes have been paid
|
|
culture
|
A way of life shared by a group of people. Culture gives us our identity and includes our language, religion, art, music dance, dress, homes attitudes toward work and recreation
|
|
natural greenhouse effect
|
The natural blanket-like effect of the atmosphere in retaining heat at the earth’s surface
|
|
NGO
|
Non government organization that help people tackle their political, social and economical problems
|
|
global warming
|
Human activities are adding greenhouse gases such carbon dioxide, methane & CFC’s thus causing the global temperature to rise.
|
|
Fair trade
|
benefits producers in poor countries by making sure the price they receive for their goods covers the cost of production and guarantees a living income
|
|
carbon dioxide
|
Greenhouse gas that is produced by human respiration and other technologies
|
|
monoculture
|
Dependence on food that is genetically similar.
|
|
globalization
|
People coming together to share similar experiences and to live lives that are more and more similar
|
|
chlorofluorocarbons
|
A manmade gas that is created by refrigeration and aerosol cans.
|
|
ozone
|
A kind of oxygen in the upper atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun.
|
|
acid rain
|
Industry produces sulfur dioxide which is spread in the atmosphere and when it mixes with moisture falls to the ground and causes this problem.
|
|
Methane
|
A natural greenhouse gas produced when plants are broken down by wetlands and animals
|
|
Human Geography
|
People and the places they live
|
|
Natural Resource
|
Anything in nature that people need or want
|
|
Globalization
|
Changes that happen in a place because of technology and movement
|
|
demography
|
Study of world populations
|
|
developing country
|
A country that is just beginning to industrialize
|
|
developed country
|
Countries with a good GDP and Standard of Living are called
|
|
standard of living
|
How well people live/physical level of comfort determined by the goods, services and luxuries available to a group
|
|
Per Capita GDP
|
Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to
|
|
emigration
|
Movement of people out of a country
|
|
technology
|
Tools and ways of doing things
|
|
empire
|
A large area controlled by one central authority
|
|
Internal migration
|
People moving from place to place within a country
|
|
Crude Death Rate
|
Number of deaths per 1000 people
|
|
Rate of Natural Increase
|
Number of crude births minus number of crude deaths
|
|
demographer
|
A person who studies population
|
|
Democracy
|
The way we organize how to relate to each other in order to ensure that everyone has a voice and that responsible decisions are made. The people have the power to make the laws.
|
|
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
|
Total value of all the goods and services in a country
|
|
Mother Theresa
|
a humanitarian and champion of human rights
|
|
immigration
|
Movement of people into a country
|
|
Cost of living
|
The amount of money needed for basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter
|
|
Literacy rate
|
term given to the percentage of a country’s people aged 15 and over who are able to read and write.
|
|
Crude birth rate
|
Number of babies born per 1000 people
|
|
life expectancy
|
The average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current conditions in their country
|
|
GDP per capita
|
Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to
|
|
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
|
Ten rights to which all children are entitled
|
|
colonialism
|
One country having control of another usually in another part of the world
|
|
Human rights
|
The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled
|
|
prejudice
|
Prejudging an individual on the basis of characteristics assumed to apply to all members of that individual’s group. Is an attitude
|