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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Degree to which a behavior observed is realistic, natural or generalizable |
External validity |
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Degree to which a study provides a good test of a causal hypothesis |
Internal validity |
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If an experiment can be replicated that means it is _______ |
Reliable |
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Basic Research |
Fundamental processes, building blocks for Applied Research |
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Applied Research |
Real-world problems, concerned with external validity (highly generalized) |
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Study to observe the course of syphilis, 399 African American men who had previously contracted the disease |
Tuskegee Experiments |
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Problems with Tuskegee experiments |
-No informed consent -Taking advantage of a marginalized group -"Do no harm" was violated |
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What were the Jews exposed to by the Nazi German doctors |
Extreme temperatures, infections, chemicals, etc |
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What were the Nazis testing |
They were trying to find "the limits of the body and mind" |
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Problems with Nazis |
-Dehumanization -No rights to withdraw |
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The first set of ethics, established the principle of "informed consent" |
The Nuremberg Code |
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Came after the Nuremberg Code, introduces rules for using deception and for keeping records confidential |
The APA Ethics Code |
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Which part of APA papers are the "readers digest" version, help readers determine if they want to read the article |
The Abstract |
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What is included in the introduction of an APA paper |
-Introduce the topic and specific area (relevant background info) -Why this study will be important -Predictions |
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What is included in the methods section of an APA paper |
-How you got your results -Describe participants -The design of the experiment -Materials -Procedure |
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What is included in the results section of an APA paper |
-Stats -Significant findings |
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What is included in the discussion section of an APA paper |
-If their predictions were right -Issues that came up -Limitations/future directions |
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What were the ethical considerations for Zimbardo's experiment |
-Caused participants distress |
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What did Zimbardo's experiment lead to |
The Belmont Report |
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What rules are in the Belmont report |
-Respect for persons -Beneficence -Justice |
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What were the ethical issues of Milgram's experiment |
-Stress on the participants (harm) -Participants felt like they could not withdraw from the study (coercion) |
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Taking general info to make it more specific |
Theory-driven |
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Taking specific info to make a general prediction |
Data-driven |
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Theory-driven or data-driven: Anxiety causes insomnia |
Theory-driven |
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Theory-driven or data-driven: Insomnia is related to anxiety |
Data-driven |
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Make a prediction about behavior |
Causal |
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Just document behavior |
Descriptive |
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Advantages of Naturalistic Observation |
High in external validity (findings can be applied to real world settings) |
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Disadvantages to Naturalistic observation |
-The observer effect -Time consuming -Requires multiple observers |
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Disadvantages to surveys |
-Low internal validity and not reliable -Social desirability (tendency to self-monitor based on how you think others want you to answer) |
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Advantages to surveys |
Can gather information from a larger group |
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Advantages to Systematic observation |
High in internal validity (can test a hypothesis) |
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Disadvantages to Systematic observation |
Low in external validity (can't be replicated) |
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Advantages to archival data |
Quick process compared to other ways |
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Disadvantages to archival data |
Don't know how the data was collected |
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What is a Quasi experiment |
An experiment where you cannot randomly assign participants |
