Exam On Psychological And Physiological Benefits Of Physical Activity.

Front 1

Physical activity is defined as ‘any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in energy expenditure’.

Back 1

Caspersen et al (1985)

Front 2

Favourable Benefits Include:

Reduced incidence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Proper weight control
Reduce smoking
Blood pressure reduction
Osteoporosis prevention rehabilitation
Diabetes prevention rehabilitation
Psychological benefits: improved confidence, feeling of well-being, anxiety reduction.
Sociological benefits (e.g. Can provide an opportunity to meet people and socialise etc.)

Back 2

Notes

Front 3

The benefits of regular physical activity to health, longevity, well being and protection from serious illness have long been established. They easily surpass the effectiveness of any drugs or other medical treatment. The challenge for everyone, young and old alike, is to build these benefits into their daily lives”

Back 3

CMO, 2009

Front 4

studied CHD in 31,000 London Transport Workers, comparing the drivers and the more active conductors on the double-decker buses.
The conductors had a 50% lower rate of heart attacks than the drivers, and drivers suffered twice as many fatal attacks as conductors.

Back 4

Morris et al (1953)

Front 5

Inactivity affects 60–70% of the adult population: that is more people than obesity, alcohol misuse and smoking combined

Back 5

CMO, 2009

Front 6

reports that physical fitness and activity in children can support the long term Cardiovascular health of adults.

Back 6

Gidding, (2007)

Front 7

suggest PA is a stimulus for bone production

Size effect between 5-15% (difference in density depending on high/low activity)

Back 7

Boreham & Riddoch (2001)

Front 8

In 2010, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were the UK’s biggest killer.

In 2010, CVD caused around 46,000 premature deaths in the UK; 68% of these were men.

Back 8

BHF, 2012

Front 9

PA and repeated bouts of exercise can affect Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I)
Appropriate nutrition is necessary for the anabolic actions of both.
Young athletes should not train in a negative caloric state.

Back 9

Wilmore & Costill, 2004

Front 10

Mental Health – “ the emotional and spiritual
resistance which enables us to enjoy life and
to survive pain, disappointment and sadness.
It is a positive sense of well-being and an
underlying belief in our own and others’ dignity
and worth

Back 10

(HEA, 1997)

Front 11

A mental health disorder is any health condition
which is characterised by alterations in
thinking, mood or behaviour (or some
combination thereof) associated with distress
and/or impaired functioning

Back 11

US Dept. of Health
and Human Services 1999

Front 12

Regular exercise appears to have some therapeutic effect in reducing feelings of anxiety and depression and the benefits of participating in regular exercise is well documented

Back 12

Weinberg and Gould, 2011

Front 13

Clinicians and researchers believe that physical activity enhances feelings of well-being, by reducing anxiety and depression and increased energy levels

Back 13

Weinberg and Gould, 2011

Front 14

1 in 10 children and young people aged 5 - 16 suffer from a diagnosable mental health disorder - that is around three children in every class

Back 14

(The Children and Young People’s Mental Health Coalition, 2010)

Front 15

Physical activity is cheap (compared to pharmacological treatments)

Physical activity has no real side effects (if appropriately administered)

Physical activity is self-sustaining and can be maintained across the life cycle

Counselling style treatments are often expensive and in short supply – and many patients want alternatives to drug therapy

Physical activity should be prescribed for physical health regardless of mental health status

Back 15

Fox et al., 2000

Front 16

reviewed 1000’s of
studies and found:
Greater reductions in anxiety for exercise groups than groups receiving other forms of treatment.
But… State anxiety returns to pre-exercise anxiety levels within 24hours.

Back 16

Wipfli et al (2008)

Front 17

Physical Activity is likely to have positive psychosocial outcomes.

Evidence shows small but consistent associations between sedentary screen time and poorer mental health.

Exercise is an opportunity for social interactions and may be linked to psychological benefits.

Back 17

Biddle and Asare (2011)

Front 18

Childhood and adolescence is a crucial period for bone development

Back 18

Vicente-Rodriguez (2006)

Front 19

Several recent studies have confirmed that physical activity is effective in enhancing bone health in children

Back 19

Smith and Biddle 2008

Front 20

The effect of physical activity on mental health in children has recieved significantly less attention than among adult populations

Back 20

Smith and Biddle 2008

Front 21

Different actvities for different health benefits

Swimming, Running, Cycling - Cardio
Weight bearing - Bone and muscle strength
Resistance activities - injury prevention

Back 21

Smith and Biddle 2008