Exam On 15, 16, 17, 18

Front 1

Nonspecific lines o defense from pathogens that include barriers, protective cells and chemicals

Back 1

Innate immunity

Front 2

specific lines of defense involving cells of the immune system that target specific markers on pathogens

Back 2

Adaptive Immunity

Front 3

Skins is composed of two layers:

Back 3

Epidermis
and dermis

Front 4

Dermis:

Back 4

lies under epidermis and contains hair follicles, glands and nerve endings

Front 5

epidermis

Back 5

Tightly packed cells

Front 6

Epidermis contains ____
cells

Back 6

Langerhans cells or epidermic dendritic cells that phagocytize pathogens nonspecifically

Front 7

Dermis has:

Back 7

Collegen to make skin pliable and tough to prevent cuts and contains sweat which contains sals

Front 8

Lysozomes

Back 8

Destroy cell wall of bacteria

Front 9

___ glands secrete sebum

Back 9

Sebaceous

Front 10

Mucous membranes are composed of

Back 10

epithelium (outer layer of cells) and connective tissue (provides blood)

Front 11

_____ cells produce mucus which traps pathogens and propelled out of body by ciliated columnar cells

Back 11

Goblet Cells

Front 12

Another name for antimicrobial peptides

Back 12

Defensins

Front 13

Cystic Fibrosis kills ____

Back 13

Columnar Cells

Front 14

The normal flora can change Ph and compete for nutrients against possible pathogenic organisms

Back 14

Microbial Antagonism

Front 15

Axenic

Back 15

Microbe Free

Front 16

Sweat Glands give us

Back 16

Salt

Front 17

Ferrin is latin for

Back 17

Iron

Front 18

White Blood cells that defend body against invaders

Back 18

Leukocytes

Front 19

secrete tears which contain lysozyme to destroy and wash away bacteria

Back 19

Lacrimal Apparatus

Front 20

The Body's Second Line of Defense is

Back 20

Cells of the Blood

Front 21

____ is made up of mostly water and contains electrolytes (ions) dissolved gases and nutrients and proteins (platelets)

Back 21

Plasma

Front 22

Serum is Plasma without what

Back 22

clotting factors

Front 23

Red blood cells are

Back 23

Erthrocytes

Front 24

White blood cells are

Back 24

leukocytes

Front 25

platelets

Back 25

Clot Blood

Front 26

Platelets are formed from

Back 26

megakaryocytes

Front 27

The body traps iron using ____

Back 27

transferrin

Front 28

Staphylococcus Aureus secretes what

Back 28

siderophores

Front 29

siderophores do what

Back 29

steal iron from body

Front 30

hemolysin bursts red blood cells and releases what

Back 30

their hemoglobin

Front 31

The body traps iron using

Back 31

transferrin

Front 32

Staphylococcus aureus secretes

Back 32

siderophores

Front 33

hemolysin does what

Back 33

bursts red blood cells

Front 34

2 types of leukocytes are

Back 34

granculocytes and agranulocytes

Front 35

granulocytes have large granules and includes

Back 35

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Front 36

basophils release

Back 36

inflammatory chemicals

Front 37

easinophils attack

Back 37

parasitic worms and cause allergic reactions

Front 38

agranulocytes include

Back 38

lymphocytes and monocytes

Front 39

monocytes are

Back 39

immature macrophages

Front 40

_____ macrophage wander thoughout the body

Back 40

wandering macrophage

Front 41

____ macrophage

Back 41

are in the lungs

Front 42

_____

Back 42

are in the central nervous system

Front 43

_____ cellls

Back 43

are in the liver

Front 44

_____ cells

Back 44

are found in the epidermis

Front 45

MAC

Back 45

membrane attach Complex

Front 46

What involves the use of pseudopodia to crawl towards pathogens

Back 46

chemotaxis

Front 47

phagocytes attach to pathogens by binding to glycoproteins

Back 47

adherence

Front 48

phagocytes are attracted to sides of infection by

Back 48

chemokines

Front 49

The coating of organisms which complement proteins for easier phagocytis

Back 49

opsonization

Front 50

After adherence, the pseudopodia envelope the organism and internalize it as a vessible called a

Back 50

phagosome

Front 51

lysosomes fuse with the phagosome forming a

Back 51

phagolysomes and they digest it

Front 52

the remnants are exocytosed or expelled

Back 52

elimination

Front 53

Serum proteins which acts as opsonins and chemokines triggering inflammation and fever

Back 53

complement system

Front 54

lymphocites are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins on virally infected cells and tumors

Back 54

natural killer cells

Front 55

pathyway - complement is activated when they attach to antibodies attached to the surface of pathogens

Back 55

classical

Front 56

_____ pathway begins with cleavage of the C3 Complement protein which leads to the cleaving of other complement proteins leading to a cascading effect

Back 56

Alternative

Front 57

protein molecules released by host cells to nonspecifically inhibit the spread of viral infections

Back 57

interferons

Front 58

three classes of interferons

Back 58

alpha, beta and gamma

Front 59

___ Inflammation develops quickly and ends quickly

Back 59

acute

Front 60

___ inflammation developes slowly and lasts a long time

Back 60

chronic

Front 61

____ is the sticking of phagocytes to walls of blood vessels before diapedesis

Back 61

margination

Front 62

____ and leukotrienes cause vessels to leak fluid casing edema

Back 62

prostaglandins

Front 63

increased temps are triggered by

Back 63

pyrogens

Front 64

a pyrogen released by phagocytes that have phagocytized bacteria causes hypothalamus to increase thermostat setting

Back 64

interleukin-1

Front 65

Study of the body's immunity cells and chemicals

Back 65

immunologists

Front 66

three dimensional shapes of regions that the immute system recognizes as foreign

Back 66

epitopes

Front 67

____ antigens are outside of cell

Back 67

exogenous

Front 68

___ antigen are inside cell

Back 68

endogenous

Front 69

____ self antigen found in body's normal cell

Back 69

autoantigens

Front 70

Molecules that trigger a specific immune response

Back 70

antigen

Front 71

considered the third line defense is a smart system with memory capabilities

Back 71

adaptive immunity

Front 72

composed of lymphatic vessesls, cells, tissues, organs

Back 72

lymphatic system

Front 73

form a one way system conductin lymph, a colorless, watery substance much like plasma

Back 73

lymphatic vessels

Front 74

The smallest leukocytes (white blood cells)

Back 74

lymphocytes

Front 75

lymphatic organs include

Back 75

spleen, tonsils, mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

Front 76

B Lymphocytes originate in

Back 76

the red marrow of bone and mature there as well

Front 77

B Cells have surface antibodies and are found primarily in the spleen, nodes and MALT called

Back 77

plasma cells when actively fighting exogenous antigens

Front 78

another name for antibodies

Back 78

immunoglobulin and are soluble antigen binding proteins secreted by B Cells

Front 79

This is a part of what immune response

Back 79

Humoral

Front 80

ABS means

Back 80

Antigen Binding Sites

Front 81

particular antigenic determinant

Back 81

epitope

Front 82

A toxin or block bacterial and viral attachment to cells by binding to a critical portion so it can no longer be virulent

Back 82

ADCC

Front 83

a way of enhancing phagocytosis by covering antigen with antibody

Back 83

opsonization

Front 84

some antibodies are able to catalyze the production of hydrogen peroxide

Back 84

Oxidation

Front 85

with multiple binding sites, antibodies can attach to more than one microbe and bind several tgether hindering virulence

Back 85

agglutination

Front 86

____ consititutes 12% of serum antibody and comes as a monomer that circulates in blood

Back 86

IGA

Front 87

Secretory Iga found in secretions like tears and milk

Back 87

Dimmer

Front 88

3rd most common AB in initial states of an immune response

Back 88

IgM