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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Derivatives of surface ectoderm for eye
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Corneal Epithelium
Lens Epith of eyelids |
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Derivatives of neuroectoderm for eye
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Retina and optic nerve
Pupillary muscle of the iris Epith of the iris and ciliary body |
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Derivatives of mesoderm for eye
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Extrinsic eye muscles
Internal structures of eyelids |
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Derivatives of Neural crest for eye
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Ciliary muscles
Choroid Sclera Corneal endothelium |
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Contact of optic vesicle with surface ectoderm initiates...
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1) A thickening of surface ectoderm to form lens placode
2) invagination of optic vesicle to form optic cup |
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Transcription factor important for proper lens development
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Pax-6
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Reaction of lens cells to FGF from retina
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1)Become post-mitotic
2) Elongate along the rostro-caudal axis of the lens 3) Express intracellular crystallin proteins and become transparent lens fibers |
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Source of primary lens fibers
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Cells at posterior pole of lens (form the lens nucleus)
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Blood supply for developing optic cup
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Hyaloid artery (int. carotid to opthalmic to hyaloid)
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Location of hyaloid artery
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Choroidal/Retinal fissure
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Fate of inner/outer wall of optic cup
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Outer= Retinal Pigment epithelium
Inner= 9 layers of the neural retina |
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In eye development what does the external limiting membrane separate? The internal?
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External limiting membrane= Outer neuroblastic cells from the intraretinal space
Internal limiting membrane= inner neuroblastic cells from vitreous space |
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Origin of photoreceptors
Origin of retinal ganglion cells and modified neural cells of the retina |
Photoreceptors = outer neuroblastic layer
Retinalganglion cells = inner neuroblastic layer |
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Derivatives of anterior rim of the optic cup
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Iris and ciliary body
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2 origins of ciliary body and iris endothelium
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Pigmented cells of the posterior wall of the optic cup
Superficial cells of the innermost region of the retinal layer |
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Origin of ciliary muscles
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Ectomesenchymal
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Origin of zonules of zinn
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Ciliary processes
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Origin of Anterior covering of the iris
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Ectomesenchymal
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Origin of dilator pupillae
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Neural crest
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Origin of sphincter pupillae
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Neural crest
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Origin of cornea
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Surface ectoderm covering the anterior optic cup
Mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup Neural crest cells derived from the lip of the optic cup |
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Origin of primary stroma of cornea
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Surface ectoderm under the influence of surface ectoderm
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Origin of secondary stroma of cornea
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Neural crest cells
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Origin of descemets membrane and bowman's membrane
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Bowman's Membrane = Secreted by corneal epithelium
Descemet's Membrane = Secreted by corneal endothelium |
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Thyroxin in eye development
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Dehydrates the cornea
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Origin of chambers of the eye
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Mesenchyme
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Derivatives of the mesenchyme involving chambers of the eye
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2 layers
Outer layer = corneal stroma Inner layer= iridopupillary membrane |
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Origin of otic placodes
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Surface ectoderm near 2nd pharygeal arch
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Origin of VIII nerve spiral ganglion
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Neural crest Epithelial cells
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Origin of sensory hair cells of organ of corti
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Neural crest Epithelial cells
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Origin of Basial membrane and supporting cells of the organ of corti (pillar cells, phalangeal cells)
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Ectoderm cells
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origin of middle ear cavity
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1st pharygeal pouch (tubotympanic recess)
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Origin of tympanic membrane
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Outer ectoderm, mesoderm, inner endoderm
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Differential innervation of hillocks 1-6
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Hillocks 1-3 = Facial nerve
Hillocks 4-6 = C2 |
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Attachment to superior horn of thyroid cartilage
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Thyrohyoid membrane
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Vertebral levels for larynx
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C3-C6
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Action of thyroarytenoid
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Loosens vocal folds
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Action of Cricothyroid
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Tenses vocal folds
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Innervation of muscles of the larynx
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Recurrent Vagal except for cricothyroid
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Location of superior vagal ganglion
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Jugular foramen
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Where is parakeratinized epithelium found?
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Vermillion border
Gingiva Hard palate |
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What do the gums lack?
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Submucosa and glands
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Taste bud with keratinized tip
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Filiform
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Ion channel effects of tastes
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Salty = Direct entry of Na+
Sour = Decreased K+ permeability Bitter = binding to G-protein coupled receptors leads to increased IP3 which causes increased Ca++ Sweet = binding to G-protein-coupled receptors causes increased cAMP and decreased K+ permeability |
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Contents of saliva
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Mucus, proteins, salts, ptyalin (salivary amylase) lingual lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, IgA
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Type of gland minor salivary glands
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Short tubular glands
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Staining of striated ducts
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Reddish due to numerous mitochondria
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Function of Striated ducts
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Resorb Na+, Cl-
Secrete bicarbonate, IgA, Kallikrein |
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Type of granules in parotid gland
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salivary amylase (ptyalin)
IgA (inactivates antigens) Crystatin, hystatin, lactoferrin (antimicrobial proteins) Na+, Cl- |
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Reaction of parotid gland to nervous stimulus
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Parasympathetic = AcH, stimulates formation and secretion of serous saliva
Sympathetic = NE, secretion of mucus and enzymatic components |
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Diagnostic of submandibular gland
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5:1 ratio of serous to mucus acini
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Pellicles
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Mucus and protein in saliva form these over teeth which act as a barrier against acids, retains moisture, and regulates adherence of bacteria
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Diagnostic of sublingal gland
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Serous demilunes with predominantly mucus acini
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Filling of pulp chamber
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Vascular areolar CT
Proteoglycans and glycoproteins Root canal Apical foramen |
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Type of cells found at apical foramen of teeth
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Odontoblasts producing dentin
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Periodontal ligament
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Holds tooth in socket, consists of dense irregular CT
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Junctional epithelium on teeth
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Where epithelium attaches to enamel surface by hemidesmosomes, forms a seeling collar or barrier around the neck of the tooth
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Type of substance enamelins and amelogenin are
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Glycoproteins
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Ameloblasts
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Lay down enamel
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Dentin makeup
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Type I collagen, proteoglycans and glycoproteins (prevents tooth from fracturing)
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Path of odontoblastic processes
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Extend through dentinal tubule to the enamel-dentin junction
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Make up of Cementum
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Mostely Type I collagen fibers
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Cementocytes
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Trapped within lacunae cementum matrix like osteocytes
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Location of cementoblasts
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Outer surface at periodontal ligmant space
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Sharpey's fibers
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Bundles of collagen fibers in periodontal ligmanet, embedded in alveolar bone and in cementum (holds tooth in place), a fibrous joint
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Stages of tooth formation
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Bud, cap, bell
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Occurences in bud stage
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Oral ectoderm forms dental lamina
Ectomesenchyme from neural crest cells surrounds bud |
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Occurences in early cap stage
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3 layered structure is formed
Outer enamel epithelium Inner enamel epithelium Stellate reticulum between the two is formed |
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Occurences in late cap stage
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Ectomesenchyme condenses to form dental papilla (give rise to odontoblasts and dental pulp)
Cervical loop is formed (where two ectodermal layers make the sharpe bend) Dental sac = vascular tissue around the tooth germ that is formed from the ectomesenchyme |
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Occurences in bell stage
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Stratum intermedium between stellate reticulum and inner enamel epithelium forms
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Origin of ameloblasts
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Inner epithelium under influence of stratum intermedium
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Origin of odontoblasts
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Inner cells of the dermal papillae under the influence of ameloblasts
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Appositional phase
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Deposition of dentin and enamel
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Tomes process
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Part of the matrix that is unmineralized and does not continue completely through the enamel
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Origin of root of tooth
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Hertwig epithelial root sheath
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Origin of cementoblasts
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As hertwig epithelial root sheath degenerates in cervical loop region, the ectomesenchyme cells come in contact with dentin. They differentiate into cementoblasts and deposit cementum
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