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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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About 90% of upper respiratory disorders stem from a ____ infection of the upper respiratory passages.
a) bacterial b) viral c) fungal d) degenerative |
b) viral
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_____ is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and irritation of the mucous memberanes of the nose.
a) Rhinitis b) Sinusitis c) Laryngitis d) Tonsillitis |
a) rhinitis
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What is another name for viral rhinitis?
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the common cold
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What are the 3 time periods that account for the epidemics of viral rhinitis in the United States?
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1. September, when school opens
2. Late January 3. The end of April |
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Colds are believed to be caused by as many as ____ different viruses.
a) 10 b) 50 c) 100 d) 200 |
d) 200
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True or False: Cold temperatures and exposure to cold rainy weather increase the incidence or severity of the common cold.
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False: Despite popular belief, cold temperatures and exposure to cold rainy weather do not increase the incidence or severity of the common cold.
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What is herpes simplex?
a) a viral cough b) an STD c) a cold sore d) something my friend got from that guy she messed around with |
c) a cold sore
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True or False: If you have a bad cold, it is recommended that you get an antibiotic from your doctor to lessen the severity of the cold.
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False: Antibiotics should not be used because they do not affect the virus or reduce the incidence of bacterial complications.
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Fungal infections occur most often in _____.
a) immunosuppressed patients b) homeless people c) people without health insurance d) people with viral rhinitis |
a) immunosuppressed patients
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Most infections in adults involve what sinuses?
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maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses
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If untreated, _____ may lead to severe and occasionally life-threatening compliations such as meningitis, brain abscess, ischemic brain infarction, and osteomyelitis.
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acute sinusitis
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If the patient continues to have symptoms of acute sinusitis after ____ to ____ days, the sinuses may need to be irrigated and hospitalization may be required.
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7 to 10 days
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What activities are patients advised to avoid during acute sinusitis?
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swimming, diving, and air travel
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Fungus ball, chronic erosive, and allergic are 3 categories of what in immunocompromised patients?
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fungal sinusitis
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True or False: If sinusitis is caused by a fungal infection, an antifungal medication is perscribed to heal the infection.
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False: If sinusitis is caused by a fungal infection, surgery is required to excise the fungus ball and necrotic tissue and drain the sinuses.
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True or False: When conducting a strep culture swab, the swabs touch both the tonsillar pilards and the posterior pharyngeal wall, but not the tongue.
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True!
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How much fluid is a patient recommended to drink if they have any bacterial or viral respiratory infection?
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2-3 liters per day
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What are the 3 types of chronic pharyngitis?
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hypertrophic, atrophic, and chronic granular
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What type of chronic pharyngitis is characterized by general thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane? Hypertrophic, atrophic or chronic granular?
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hypertrophic
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What type of chronic pharyngitis is characterized by numerous swollen lymph follicles on the pharyngeal wall? Hypertrophic, atrophic or chronic granular?
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chronic granular
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What type of chronic pharyngitis is characterized by a thin, whitish, glistening and at times wrinkled membrane? Hypertrophic, atrophic or chronic granular?
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Atrophic
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Severe complication of ____ may lead to spontaneous rupture of the tympanic membrane and may cause permanent deafness?
a) sinusitis b) tonsillitis c) fungal sinusitis d) herpes simplex |
b) tonsillitis
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What is used to treat the thick mucus and halitosis that may be present after a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy?
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Alkaline mouthwashes and warm saline solutions.
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What is an alternative treatment for peritonsillar abscesses that may be used early in the course of the disease before surgical interventions are taken?
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antibiotics
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What is aphonia?
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complete loss of voice
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Into what 3 categories is sleep apnea classified into?
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obstructive, central and mixed
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What is obstructive sleep apnea?
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lack of air flow due to pharyngeal occlusion
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What is central sleep apnea?
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cessation of both air flow and respiratory movements
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What is mixed sleep apnea?
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a combination of central and obstructive apnea within one apneic episode
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by frequent and loud snoring and breathing cessation for ___ seconds or longer, for at least ____ episodes per hour followed by awakening abruptly with a loud snort as the blood oxygen level drops.
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10 seconds or longer, 5 times per hour or more
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____ (CPAP or BiPAP) is used to prevent airway collapse whereas ____ (CPAP or BiPAP) makes breathing easier and results in a lower average airway pressure.
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CPAP is used to prevent airway collapse whereas BiPAP makes breathing easier and results in a lower average airway pressure.
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What is epistaxis?
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a hemorrhage from the nose
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What is the proper positioning for a patient with a nose bleed?
a) head tilted up b) head tilted down c) head tilted to the side |
The patient sits upright with the head tilted down to prevent swallwoing and aspiration of blood.
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