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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perspective |
hypothesis that explains the primary cause of what is happening |
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Realist perspective |
emphasizes struggle for power |
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Liberal perspective |
emphasizes interdependence and institutions |
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Identity perspective |
emphasizes ideas |
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Critical theory perspective |
emphasizes embedded historical change |
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Levels of Analysis |
the direction, or "level," from which the primary cause of events is coming |
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Systemic LOA |
emphasizes relative position of one country versus another (structure-systemic) and interactions between countries (process-systemic) |
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Foreign policy LOA |
links domestic and systemic concerns |
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domestic LOA |
focuses on internal cultural, political, and economic variations |
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Individual LOA |
focuses on leaders and decision making groups |
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Causal arrow |
an indicator of which perspective or LOA influences the other perspectives and LOAs more than the reverse |
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Ideal types |
perspectives or simplified characterizations of theories that emphasize the most important aspects of reality, not all of its intricacies and variations |
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Foreign Policy Disputes: 9/11 attacks (Realist, Liberal, Identity, Critical Theory) |
R- sees world largely in terms of a struggle for relative power; strong actors seek to dominate, weak actors, resist ex) weak v. strong L- emphasizes repetitive relationships and negotiations, est. patterns/inst. for int'l conflict resolution ex) failed negotiations I- emphasizes causal importance of the ideas and identities of actors, which motivates their use of power and negotiations ex) reforms of govt CT- focuses deeply on embedded forces from all perspec. and LOA ex) pervasive violence |
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Methods (Rationalist v. Constructivist) |
the formal rules of reason or appropriateness for testing perspectives against fact R- disaggregate and explain events sequentially/causally
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Correlation |
situation in which one factor or event occurs in the same context as another but is not necessarily related directly or linked |
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Exogenous variables |
autonomous factors that come from outside a theoretical model or system and cannot be explained by the system |
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Endogenous variables |
causal variables that are included in a theoretical model or framework |
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Multicollinearity |
statistical situation in which multiple variables are highly correlated with one another |
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Process tracing |
method of connecting events in sequence to identify cause and effect |
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Counterfactual reasoning |
method of testing claims for causality by asking what might have happened if one event had not occurred |
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Judgement |
the broader assessment of what makes sense after one accumulates as many facts, tests, and perspectives as possible |
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Ethics and morality |
standards of good conduct for human behavior |
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Relativism |
a position that hold that truth and morality are relative to each indv'l or culture and one should "live and let live" |
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Universalism |
Holds that truth and morality are universal and cannot be adjusted for specific circumstances |
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Pragmatism |
Holds that morality is proportionate to what is possible and causes the least harm |
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Prisoner's dilemma |
Situational scenario in which trust and potential future conflict weigh in on the decision-making to defer or cooperate when you are put at risk |
