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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Africa
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Has many countries and is the second largest continent in the world
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human geography
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the way things and people are spread out in an area is called
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equator
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the imaginary line around the centre of the earth half way between the North and South poles( called 0 degrees latitude).
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poles
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the North and South ends of an axis around which the earth rotates
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Compass Rose
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a tool to find direction used on maps (shows North, South, East and West).
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axis
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an imaginary line that goes through the centre of the earth between the North and South poles.
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Geography
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the study of our world, its people, and places
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Geographer
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the person who describes and analyzes the human and physical characteristics of the world
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Place
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Geography theme that deals with an ares that is defined by everything in it
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Nile
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the longest river in the world:
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Child labour
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work that is harmful to a child’s health, does not pay fairly, and interferes with a child obtaining a childhood, education or friendships
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Map
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a two dimensional representation of the earth
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parallels
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imaginary lines that run from East to West that are used the show distance from the equator.
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longitude/meridians
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imaginary lines that run from North to South that are used the show distance from the Prime Meridian.
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Prime Meridian
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the baseline used to measure east-west location on the surface of the earth in terms of lines of longitude
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Great Rift Valley
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a geographic trench found in Kenya
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time zone
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any of the 24 longitudinal divisions of the earth’s surface in which a standard time is kept. Is a world-wide system for telling time
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International Dateline
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an imaginary line of longitude that is opposite the Prime Meridian and located in Greenwich, England
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Eurasia
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Largest continent in the world
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Sahara Desert
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Largest desert in the world
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continent
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any of the six large land masses with geologically meaningful boundaries
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island
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land that is surrounded by water on all sides
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peninsula
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a piece of land jutting out into the ocean from the mainland surrounded by water on three sides.
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topography
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the surface features of the earth such as mountains, hills, plateaus and plains.
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mountain
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a high rugged landform.
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plain
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a broad flat or gently rolling area of land.
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plateau
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a broad flat or gently rolling area that is higher (elevated) above its surroundings.
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elevation
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the distance or height above sea level.
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river
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- a natural channel of water flowing toward a lake or ocean.
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lake
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- a body of water surrounded by land.
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gulf
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- formed when the ocean makes a large indent into land forming a semi-circle
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strait
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- a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.
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Pangaea
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- the name of a supercontinent that existed of 200 million years ago.
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Legend or key
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part of a map explains what the various symbols/lines mean
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Coastline
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land along the sea or ocean.
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cave
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a large hole in the side of a hill or mountain
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erosion
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- the action of wearing away of the Earth’s surface by air, water and ice
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Atlantic Ocean
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An ocean east of North America and one of 6 oceans on the earth
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5 themes of geography
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Location, place, region, movement and human/environment interaction
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glacier
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- a gigantic body of ice that is found in mountain and polar regions.
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absolute location
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-the exact location of something on the earth using coordinates of latitude and longitude
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Suez Canal
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Connects the red sea to the Mediterranean Sea
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Relative location
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The location of a place in relation to other places
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hemisphere
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A half-sphere view of the earth created by geographers to identify a large part of the earth e.g. northern, southern, eastern or western
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landforms
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A particular land surface feature, such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain
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slavery
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A system of forced labour, in which some people are treated as property to be bought and sold and not as persons with rights
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Pacific Ocean
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The ocean found on Canada’s west coast and one of the world’s six oceans
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weather
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The day to day state of the atmosphere, including temperature and precipitation
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latitude
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The distance of a place north or south of the equator measured in degrees
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longitude
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The distance of a place east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees
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permafrost
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Permanently frozen ground, about 1 meter beneath the surface.
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Movement
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Geography theme dealing with the way people, products, information and ideas move from one place to another
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precipitation
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Water (in any form) falling to Earth.
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climate
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Pattern of weather in a particular place measured over at least 30 years.
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Low latitude
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Climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.
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region
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Geography theme dealing with an area that is defined by everything in it
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equatorial
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Climate located from 0 to 30 latitude North and South of the equator
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Arctic Ocean
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Ocean found north of Canada
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Tropic of Cancer
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Line of latitude 23.5 north of the equator
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sulphur dioxide
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gas produced by industry that when mixed with moisture in the atmosphere creates acid rain
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evaporation
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Water changes into a vapor or gas.
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Tropic of Capricorn
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Line of latitude 23.5 south of the equator
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tropics
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Area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
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Carrying capacity
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The number of people the earth or part of the earth can support
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atmosphere
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The layer of air that surrounds the earth.
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hydrosphere
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All the water on the earth’s surface forms this.
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Biosphere
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The layer of living things around the surface of the earth.
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Location
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Geography theme which includes the latitude and longitude of a particular place
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Ecology
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The study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.
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Ecosystem
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The environment of a community of plants and animals.
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Earth quake
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Shaking of the earth’s crust caused by tectonic or volcanic action.
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Eco-footprint
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measures the amount of resources you use/take up
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Volcano
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A mountainous vent in the earth’s crust
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Trees
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The best vehicle to clean the air of carbon dioxide
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Temperate forest
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A region with naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons usually agricultural or urban plus high population density.
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Discrimination
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The act of treating an individual unfairly because the person belongs to a particular group. Is an action
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Carbon dioxide,methane & CFC’s
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the three most important gases causing global warming
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Tropical rainforest
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A region with many species of plants and animals, that is very warm, and receives a lot of rainfall plus low population density.
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Taiga or boreal
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A region in the northern hemisphere with long cold winters and short warm summers plus low precipitation.
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Tundra
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A region that has long cold winters, permafrost plus low population density.
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Polar
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A region with cold, dry, climate with glaciers considered unsuitable for human settlement.
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Savanna
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A region with dry and wet seasons with tropical grassland plus low population density.
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Monsoon
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A region that is naturally forested with a wet and dry season that has been changed by rice cultivation plus high population density.
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Desert
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A region with little precipitation that may be either hot or cold plus low population density.
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ecocentric
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A view of the world that focuses on the importance of the natural environment instead of human interests.
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biodiversity
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The number and variety of organisms in a region.
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anthropocentric
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A view of the world where humans are the most important species.
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sustainable
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Development that meets our current needs without risking future generations.
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conservation
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Management of a region to protect so it will be maintained, restored, enhanced and protected for future generations.
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Disposable personal income
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Personal income that remains after bills and taxes have been paid
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culture
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A way of life shared by a group of people. Culture gives us our identity and includes our language, religion, art, music dance, dress, homes attitudes toward work and recreation
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natural greenhouse effect
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The natural blanket-like effect of the atmosphere in retaining heat at the earth’s surface
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NGO
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Non government organization that help people tackle their political, social and economical problems
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global warming
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Human activities are adding greenhouse gases such carbon dioxide, methane & CFC’s thus causing the global temperature to rise.
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Fair trade
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benefits producers in poor countries by making sure the price they receive for their goods covers the cost of production and guarantees a living income
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carbon dioxide
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Greenhouse gas that is produced by human respiration and other technologies
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monoculture
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Dependence on food that is genetically similar.
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globalization
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People coming together to share similar experiences and to live lives that are more and more similar
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chlorofluorocarbons
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A manmade gas that is created by refrigeration and aerosol cans.
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ozone
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A kind of oxygen in the upper atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun.
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acid rain
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Industry produces sulfur dioxide which is spread in the atmosphere and when it mixes with moisture falls to the ground and causes this problem.
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Methane
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A natural greenhouse gas produced when plants are broken down by wetlands and animals
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Human Geography
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People and the places they live
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Natural Resource
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Anything in nature that people need or want
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Globalization
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Changes that happen in a place because of technology and movement
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demography
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Study of world populations
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developing country
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A country that is just beginning to industrialize
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developed country
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Countries with a good GDP and Standard of Living are called
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standard of living
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How well people live/physical level of comfort determined by the goods, services and luxuries available to a group
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Per Capita GDP
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Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to
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emigration
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Movement of people out of a country
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technology
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Tools and ways of doing things
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empire
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A large area controlled by one central authority
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Internal migration
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People moving from place to place within a country
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Crude Death Rate
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Number of deaths per 1000 people
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Rate of Natural Increase
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Number of crude births minus number of crude deaths
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demographer
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A person who studies population
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Democracy
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The way we organize how to relate to each other in order to ensure that everyone has a voice and that responsible decisions are made. The people have the power to make the laws.
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
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Total value of all the goods and services in a country
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Mother Theresa
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a humanitarian and champion of human rights
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immigration
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Movement of people into a country
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Cost of living
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The amount of money needed for basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter
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Literacy rate
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term given to the percentage of a country’s people aged 15 and over who are able to read and write.
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Crude birth rate
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Number of babies born per 1000 people
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life expectancy
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The average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current conditions in their country
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GDP per capita
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Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to
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Declaration of the Rights of the Child
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Ten rights to which all children are entitled
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colonialism
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One country having control of another usually in another part of the world
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Human rights
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The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled
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prejudice
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Prejudging an individual on the basis of characteristics assumed to apply to all members of that individual’s group. Is an attitude
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