Exam - Dec 09 - Mac 5

Front 1

Religious war among German princes; Protestants vs Catholics; ended with the Peace of Augsburg

Back 1

Thirty Years War

Front 2

only Christian church during the Middle Ages in western Europe

Back 2

Catholic Church

Front 3

speaking out against the Catholic Church; Galileo was accused of this and brought before the Inquisition

Back 3

heresy

Front 4

Italian word for rebirth of Greek and Roman culture

Back 4

Renaissance

Front 5

belief led by Erasmus; focus on individual and study of the classical Greek and Roman culture

Back 5

humanism

Front 6

invention which allowed the spread of the Renaissance and Reformation; developed by Gutenberg

Back 6

printing press

Front 7

Catholics could buy these pardon from sins; Martin Luther hated these

Back 7

indulgences

Front 8

merchants did not like the Catholic belief that you should not charge interest when lending money; also known as __________

Back 8

usury

Front 9

Luther nailed these on a church door; protests against the Catholic Church

Back 9

95 Theses

Front 10

Calvin's belief that God has already chosen who would be let into heaven

Back 10

predestination

Front 11

Church of England created by Henry VIII

Back 11

Anglican

Front 12

Catholic church group that punished those who spoke out against the Church; condemned Galileo

Back 12

the Inquisition

Front 13

Catholic attempt to stop people from leaving the church

Back 13

Counter-Reformation

Front 14

group set up during the Catholic Counter-Reformation; tried to convert people to Catholicism

Back 14

Jesuits

Front 15

to travel around the globe; first done by Magellan; then Drake

Back 15

circumnavigate

Front 16

major trade product from islands of southeast Asia

Back 16

spices

Front 17

name for Spanish conquerors like Cortes and Pizarro

Back 17

conquistador

Front 18

European settlement; American was this to England

Back 18

colony

Front 19

global trade and contact between eastern and western hemispheres

Back 19

Columbian Exchange

Front 20

slaves worked on these in the new world

Back 20

plantations

Front 21

term for uniform pieces of gold and silver during the Age of Exploration

Back 21

bullion

Front 22

3 legs of trade between Africa; the New World; and Europe

Back 22

Triangular trade

Front 23

leg of triangular trade when slaves were brought from Africa to the New World

Back 23

Middle Passage

Front 24

major cash crop of the Caribbean

Back 24

sugar cane

Front 25

Spanish laws which forced Native Americans into a kind of slavery

Back 25

encomiendas

Front 26

belief that the power to rule came from God; Louis WIV; Peter the Great; Frederic; the Stuarts and many more believed in this

Back 26

divine right

Front 27

type of monarch who has unquestioned power to rule

Back 27

absolute monarch

Front 28

French Protestants were called this

Back 28

Huguenots

Front 29

European monarch who modernized his country when he required his people to adopt the customs and culture of countries in western Europe

Back 29

Peter the Great

Front 30

French law that allowed for freedom of religion; meant mainly for the Huguenots; later taken away (repealed) by Louis XIV

Back 30

Edict of Nantes

Front 31

"L'etat est moi" was a quote of Louis XIV which translates as this

Back 31

I am the state

Front 32

theory that places the Earth at the center of the universe

Back 32

geocentric theory

Front 33

theory that places the sun at the center of the universe; Copernicus

Back 33

heliocentric theory

Front 34

steps used for experiments; developed by Francis Bacon

Back 34

scientific method

Front 35

the natural rights of John Locke were these

Back 35

life; liberty; and property

Front 36

French term for philosopher

Back 36

philosophe

Front 37

Age when reason sought to replaced religion; marked an end to superstition

Back 37

Enlightenment

Front 38

monarchs power declined in England while this governmental body increased in power; very similar to Congress in the US

Back 38

Parliament

Front 39

English Civil War; group led by Cromwell; cut their hair short in protests to the nobility's custom of wearing long hair

Back 39

Roundheads

Front 40

English Civil War; supporters of King Charles I

Back 40

Cavaliers

Front 41

this event forced James II off the throne of England; placed his daughter as ruler along with her husband; no bloodshed

Back 41

the Glorious Revolution

Front 42

Document written by Jefferson; marked the beginning of the American colonies split from their mother country; Jefferson used Locke's ideas to write this document

Back 42

Declaration of Independence

Front 43

the first violent event of the French Revolution occurred at this prison; celebrated like our July 4th

Back 43

Storming of the Bastille

Front 44

when thousands of men were guillotined; led by Robespierre and the Jacobins; Louis XVI loses his head

Back 44

Reign of Terror

Front 45

laws of Napoleon were called this

Back 45

Napoleonic Code

Front 46

class that made up most of French society before the revolution

Back 46

Third Estate

Front 47

when the lower class of French society refused to leave until their demands were met; named after the sports complex where they met

Back 47

Tennis Court Oath

Front 48

meeting of European countries after Napoleon's fall; it was very conservative; met to return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution; successful diplomatic effort that kept peace in Europe for the next 40 years

Back 48

Congress of Vienna

Front 49

people who think change is good; wanted more freedoms and rights

Back 49

liberals

Front 50

people who are old fashioned or traditional; wanted a return to absolute monarchies; Congress of Vienna

Back 50

conservatives