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34 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Adenosine triphosphate
How ATP is made in Substrate? |
Stubstrate-level phosphorylation- an enzyme directly transfers a phosphate from a donor phosphorylation substrate to ADP |
S level phorylation |
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Adenosine triphosphate How is ATP made in oxidative ? |
Oxidative phosphorylation- Nadh and fadh2 are oxidized and electron are chrmoismosis generates ATP |
Oxidize and etc |
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Glycolysis |
Splitting of sugar Occurs in cytoplasm of all cells No o2 involved |
Sugar and oxygen |
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Electron transport chain Flavoprotein? |
Contains flavin (coenzyme derived from vitamin b2) |
Flavor |
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Electron transport chain Ubiquinones (coenzyme q) |
Non protein carriers (double in lipid membrane) |
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Electron transport chain Cytochrome |
Protein with an iron containing group (cytochrome c oxidase) |
Protein being oxidize |
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Electron tra sport chain
Cytochrome c oxidase
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-Last molecule of the e.t.c to transfer electron to O2 -organism lacking oxidase can grow without O2 |
Transfer and grow |
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Chemiosmosis
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-high concentration of H+ accumulate -H+ flow back in through ATP synthase |
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Carbo hydrate metabolism |
Glucose (Anaerobic process) Glycolysis Cellular respiration (aerobic or anaerobic) Fermentation (anaerobic only) |
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Fermentation recycle Nad+ |
-Allows glycolysis to occur -electron are donated back to pyruvate -forming another organic product |
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Fermentation
Glycolysis |
2 ATP made and electron transfered To nash (no O2 needed) |
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Fermentation |
Electron donated back to pyruvate making other product (lactic acid, ethanol) No ATP made |
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Targetting abaerobic materialism Mettonidazole treats |
-Enteric pathogen -vaginal infection caused by protozoa -effective against both anaerobic bacteria and anaerobic protozoan |
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Sterilization |
-The destruction or removal of all viable microorganism including endoscopes and viruses -surgical equipment, environment, syringes, packaged foods |
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Sterilization Moist heat |
-Lower temperature, shorter exposure( take less time because more effective H2O can penetrate cell) -Coagulate and denatured protein -Autoclave=steams underpressure 121c at 15 psi above normal atmospheric pressure Objects should be placed directly in autoclave or put in a breathable pouch that allow the steam to reach the object |
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Radiation Ionizing |
-Negative ions = charge particle -Very high energy -generate reactive ions that damage DNA -penetrate liquid and moist solid packages -can kill E.coli in raw ground beef |
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Sanitization |
-Mechanical removal(cleaning) of most microbes to reduce contamination to safe levels -Used in restaurant, breweries, usually outside of hospital setting -Hot H2O and soap |
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Antisepsis |
Destruction or removal of vegetative pathogen on the human skin |
Human skin |
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Disinfection |
The destruction or removal of vegetative pathogen but not endospores |
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Disinfection Moist heat |
-Lower temperature -coagulate and denatured protein -hot water -pateurization=use moderate heat to eliminate pathogen and reduce the number of other microbes to prevent spoilage -Boiling water=kills most vegetative cells but not endospores |
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Radiation Non-ionizing |
-ultraviolet -dna damage by creating thymine dimer -only slightly penetrates liquid and does not penetrate solid |
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Air filtration |
H.E.P.A filters remove 99.97 airborne substance 0.3 u.m or larger |
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Disinfection Microbe control agents |
Germicide/microbicide-chemical agents that kill microorganism Microbistatic-chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microbe |
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Disinfection Osmotic pressure |
-Larger amount of salt/sugar = hypertonic environment Result = plasmolysis |
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Disinfection Most resistant -> least resistant |
-Endospores -microbacterium -protozoa cyst>triphoszites -gram negative -fungi and fungal spores -gram positive -viruses |
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Sterilization Hydrogen peroxide -Mode of action -Used -Concentration |
Produce free radical that damage membrane DNA and protein Used Bioquile-sterilization of hospital Rooms using hydrogen peroxide vapor Low concentration Disinfectant =antiseptic High concentration= sterilant |
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Sterilization Peracetic acid
-Mode of action -Used -Concentration |
Similar to hydrogen peroxide
High level of disinfectant for a variety of medical and dental object
Effective in the presence of organic material a d leaves no residue
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Sterilization Glutaraldehyde -Mode of action -Used -Concentration |
Damage protein and nucleic acid High level disinfectant for hospital instrument (endospores and respitory equipment) None |
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Sterilization Ethylene oxide gas(E.T.O)
-Mode of action -Used -problem |
Damages protein and nucleic acid
Sterilize critical semi critical item that are moisture or heat sensitive, can penetrate through packaging
Rated as a carcinogen , time consuming, costly flammable exposure |
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Sterilization Plasma |
H2O2 excited by electromagnetic field making free radical High level disinfectant for plastic surgical tools arthroscopic and laparoscopic tool |
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Sansterilization Supercritical fluid |
Sterilization of donor tissue compressed CO2 |
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Sterilization Bleach |
Denatured enzyme Applied to a verity of surface, medical equipment, floor and water treatment Lower concentration=disinfectant(antiseptic) High concentration=sterilant |
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Sterilization Iodine |
Interfere with folding of protein Antiseptic and disinfection of certain medical equipment(thermometer Can act as a sterilant with longer exposure and high concentration |
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Disninfectant Phenol |
Disrupt cell wall, membrane, and protein Used for comparison and in drains and cesspool Very toxic |
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