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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
C-spine overview:

Nerve roots exit ... level of same number vertebral body (the nerve root is named by the vertebral body ... it)

(C8 is below...)
above
below
C7
Atypical cervical vertebrae
-OA joint (occiput on atlas)
-AA joint (atlas on axis)
-C7

Typical cervical vertebrae
-bottom of ... to ...
C2 to C6
C1: atlas

No ...
No true ...
-Posterior ... present
Articulates at ... of axis
Prominent palpable transverse process
No ... present bt occiput and atlas
vertebral body
spinous process
tubercle
odontoid process
disc
50% of extension and flexion of the C-spine occur at the ... joint

... motion also occurs here
Occipito-atlantal
side-slipping
Occipito-Atlantal joint motion:

... glide over superior articular facets of C1
occipital condyles
If I am side-slipped to the right, I will sidebend ... and rotate ... at the OA joint
left
right
... is the point upon which atlas and head rotate
“axis” (C2)
Atlanto-axial (AA) joint:

Rotation of head and atlas on axis occurs at ... and at ...

Facets oriented in ... plane, relatively flat
articular facets
dens
coronal
50% of cervical motion occurs at the AA joint

For practical purposes the AA joint moves in ... only

Any sidebending will occur to ... side
rotation
opposite
...:
Primarily flexion / extension
-50% of Cervical Flexion and Extension
“YES” joint
A small amount of Rotation and Side bending to opposite sides (“sideslipping”)

...:
Primarily rotation
-50 % of Cervical Rotation
“NO” joint
OA joint
AA joint
Typical cervical Vertebrae:

Short ... spinous process

Modified transverse process=“...”

... present where vertebral artery courses

Facets oriented in coronal plane
-(Backward upward medial)

...-shaped vertebral body
bifid
lateral mass
Transverse foramen
Saddle
C7: Atypical vertebrae

“...”
Long, ... spinous process
Transverse processes more ...
Vertebral artery ... pass through its transverse foramen

(C7 is mechanically similar to the typical vertebrae)
Vertebra prominens
non-bifid
prominent
does not
Uncovertebral joints:

-“Joints of ...”
-...-...
-... lips project upwards from superior surface, ... downwards
-Add ... to C-spine while allowing flexion and extension, sidebending and rotation
Luschka
C3-C7
Two
one
stability
Fascia: ...

External occipital protuberance to spinous process of all cervical vertebrae

Forms septum bt muscles on either side of neck
Ligamentum Nuchae
Nerves:

Exit ... named vertebra

C8 exits below ... and from then on each nerve exits ... named vertebra
ABOVE
C7
BELOW
Sternocleido-mastoid (SCM)

Rotates ..., sidebends ... that side

Mastoid process of occiput to ... and ...
AWAY
TOWARD
Sternum and Clavicle
Levator scapulae:

attaches from Lateral masses of ... to ... border of scapula

Raises scapula

Sidebends neck
C1-C4
medial
Scalene muscles:

Transverse processes of ...-...

Ant/Middle:
-elevate ... rib and rotate neck ...

Posterior:
-elevate ... rib and rotate ...

Accessory mm of inspiration
C2-C7
1st
away
2nd
toward
C3-C7: “typical cervicals”

There are no ... dysfunctions

All typical somatic dysfunctions have rotation and side bending to the ..
-Type ... mechanics

Posterior lateral joints of ... are present
group
same side
II
Luschka
Typical cervical vertebrae movements:

Side-bending and rotation to occur to the ...

Due to ... orientation and joints of ...
SAME side
facet
Luschka
OA motion:

Flexion/Extension in gliding motion

“Sideslipping”:
-Rotation and sidebending in ... directions

If i’m side slipped right, I will be sidebent ..., rotated ...
OPPOSITE
left
right
OA sideslipping:

Sideslipping is a gliding motion which consists of sidebending and rotation in ... directions
opposite
the ... glide over C1 articular surfaces
occipital condyles
OA sagittal plane somatic dysfunction:

Flexion Somatic Dysfunction
-occipital condyles have moved ... in relation to C1
-space between occiput and C1 feels ...
-patient looks like chin is ...

Extension Somatic Dysfunction
-condyles are ... in relation to C1
-space between occiput and C1 feels ...
-patient looks like chin is ...
posteriorly
deeper
tucked

anterior
shallower
sticking out
Treating the AA: ROTATE!

look how far the patient’s chin moves relative to their shoulder on both sides

by ... the patient’s neck, you can lock out rotation motion of the lower C-spine and primarily assess motion at the AA
flexing
Evaluation of the cervical spine:

Test for side-bending preference by pushing infero-medially
-Pushing medially at right side will sidebend segment to ...

Test for rotation preference by pushing anteriorly
-Pushing left side anteriorly will rotate segment to ...
RIGHT
RIGHT
Evaluation of the AA joint:

Motion testing:
-... patient’s head to “lock-out” lower vertebrae
-Rotate left, rotate right
-Compare sides
Forward bend
Corresponding landmarks to cervical vertebrae:

Hyoid bone - ...
thyroid cartilage - ...
first cricoid ring - ...
carotid tubercle - ...
C3
C4/C5
C6
C6