Exam 7 Opp4

Front 1

Lateral row of the sacrum ends at the ...

Back 1

Inferolateral angle (ILA)

Front 2

Passage ways:

...:
Sacral nerves from the cauda equina

Four ...:
Passage of vent/dorsal rami of 1st four sacral spinal nerves

...:
Near apex, defect formed by failure of laminal closure of 5th sacral vertebra
Location for sacral epidural block

Back 2

Sacral canal
B/L foramina
Sacral hiatus

Front 3

What is the most anterior superior aspect of the sacrum called?

Back 3

Sacral promontory

Front 4

Sacral base is recorded as ... (posterior) or ... (anterior)

Back 4

shallow
deep

Front 5

ILA is recorded as ... (posterior) or ... (anterior) or ... or ...

Back 5

shallow
deep
inferior
superior

Front 6

Lumbosacral facets face ..., ... and ....

SI articulation converges ... and ...

Back 6

superior, medial and posterior
inferiorly and posteriorly

Front 7

Muscles attached to the sacrum ... responsible for SI motion.

Motion at the SI joints results from muscular actions that move the back and legs.

The sacrum is the “...”

Back 7

are not
Great Compensator/Accomodator

Front 8

Superior transverse –

S1-S2, posterior to the SI joint (... Axis)

flexion & extension with …

... (nod) & ... in CS mechanics

Back 8

Respiratory
respiration
Nutation
Counternutation

Front 9

Middle transverse-

Anterior convexity of the upper and lower limbs of the SI joint

sacral ... flexion and extension (takes place at level of S2)

Back 9

postural

Front 10

Inferior transverse:

Posterior/inferior part of the inferior limb of the SI joint

Axis about which ... rotation occurs

Back 10

innominate

Front 11

4 types of sacral motion:

... - ambulation engages the same side oblique axis as the weight bearing leg

... - Inhalation moves the sacral base posterior, exhalation anterior

... - CRI or Primary Respiratory Mechanism Nutates with extension and Counternutates with flexion

... - as person bends forward sacral base moves anteriorly, until terminal flexion and sacrotuberous ligaments restrict and the base moves posteriorly (as a stabilizing force)

Back 11

Dynamic
Respiratory
Inherent
Postural

Front 12

Sacral motion:

Flexion occurs when sacral base is moving ...

Extension occurs when sacral base is moving ...

Back 12

anteriorly
posteriorly

Front 13

Forward rotation of the sacral base around the middle transverse axis is called: ... = ...

Back 13

Flexion
Nutation

Front 14

Posterior motion of the sacral base around the middle transverse axis is described as:
... = ...

Back 14

Extension
Counternutation

Front 15

The middle transverse axis at the level of ... allows for postural flexion and extension that is coupled with but ... in direction of lumbar flexion and extension.

Back 15

S2
opposite

Front 16

Normal sacral motion during ambulation only involves neutral to anterior positioning of the sacrum around these oblique axes. The sacrum does not go into a posterior position (no ... or ...) during the normal walking cycle

Therefore most somatic dysfunction in the sacrum involves anterior torsions about an oblique axis (..., or ...)

Back 16

R on L
L on R
L on L
R on R

Front 17

Inherent Motion: Superior transverse axis

The superior transverse axis at the level of ... is involved in ... flexion and extension and is synchronous with sphenobasilar flexion and extension, pulling on the sacral attachment at S2.

Back 17

S1
respiratory

Front 18

Forward rotation of the sacral base around the superior transverse axis is called Craniosacral ... (...).

Back 18

Extension
Nutation

Front 19

Posterior movement of the sacral base around the Superior transverse axis is described as Craniosacral ... or (...).

Back 19

Flexion
Counternutation

Front 20

Inferior Transverse Axis:

The inferior transverse axis allows for rotation of the ilia on the sacrum during walking and is therefore described as ... motion.

Back 20

iliosacral

Front 21

Sacral Somatic Dysfunction:

Once TART is found the specific diagnosis is distinguished by using motion tests to distinguish side of dysfunction (...) and anterior or posterior movement of the sacral base (...). And then landmarks (... and ... of the sacrum) to diagnose the somatic dysfunction.

Back 21

seated flexion test
spring test
sacral sulcus
inferior lateral angle (ILA)

Front 22

If the sacrum is rotated left and the sacral base moves forward: (– )Spring. It can only do this about a ... axis. ... sacral torsion.

Back 22

left
Left on left

Front 23

If the sacrum is rotated left and the sacral base resists forward motion / stuck backwards: (+) Spring. It can only do this about a ... axis. ... sacral torsion.

Back 23

right
Left on right

Front 24

If the sacrum is rotated right and the sacral base moves forward: (–) Spring. It can only do this about a ... axis. ... sacral torsion.

Back 24

right
right on right

Front 25

If the sacrum is rotated right and the sacral base resists forward motion / stuck backwards: (+) Spring. It can only do this about a ... axis. ... sacral torsion.

Back 25

left
Right on left

Front 26

RULES OF L5 ON THE SACRUM:

#1: WHEN L5 IS SIDEBENT, A SACRAL OBLIQUE AXIS IS ENGAGED ON THE ... SIDE AS THE SIDEBENDING

Back 26

SAME

Front 27

RULES OF L5 ON THE SACRUM:

#2: WHEN L5 IS ROTATED, THE SACRUM ROTATES IN THE ... DIRECTION AROUND AN OBLIQUE AXIS [ ROTATE IN ... DIRECTIONS ]

Back 27

OPPOSITE
OPPOSITE

Front 28

RULES OF L5 ON THE SACRUM:

#3 THE POSITIVE SEATED F.B.T. IS FOUND ON THE ... SIDE OF THE OBLIQUE AXIS

Back 28

OPPOSITE

Front 29

The seated flexion test distinguishes several diagnosis as possibilities from the start:

Seated flexion test positive on the right:
-..., ..., ... flexion/extension

Seated flexion positive on the left:
-..., ..., ... flexion/extension

Back 29

L on L
R on L
R uni

R on R
L on R
L uni

Front 30

The Spring Test assesses the ability of the sacral base to move forward- a negative test allows for spring while a positive test has no spring (resists forward motion)

Positive spring test-posterior dysfunction
-..., ..., uni/bilateral ...

Negative spring test-anterior dysfunction
-..., ..., uni/bilateral ...

Back 30

R on L
L on R
extension

L on L
R on R
flexion

Front 31

What are the 2 anterior torsions of the sacrum?

Back 31

left on left sacral torsion
right on right sacral torsion

Front 32

What are the 2 posterior torsions of the sacrum?

Back 32

right on left sacral torsion
left on right sacral torsion