Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sexually Transmitted Diseases:
Chlamydia: -... Gonorrhea -... Syphilis -... -Chlamydia and gonorrhea are usually ... in women -Co-infection of chlamydia and gonorrhea common -direct person-to-person contact needed |
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Treponema pallidum asymptomatic |
|
|
Chlamydia:
~4 million cases per year in US life cycle involves ... and ... Women: yellow mucopurulent discharge from the vagina or rectum, dysuria, abnormal vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain. Most common presentation is ... Men: yellow mucopurulent discharge from the urethra or rectum and dysuria. Most common presentation is ... Neonates: conjunctivitis, pneumonia Complications in males: ... and ... complications in females: ... and ... ... can occur in both Treatment: antibiotics and concurrent treatment for ... is recommended |
EBs and RBs
cervicitis urethritis epididymitis and reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome) pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome conjunctivitis gonorrhea |
|
|
Disease: ...
organism: ... serotypes: L1,L2 and L3 uncommon in US Disease stages: -1st: painless genital papule (buboe) -2nd: inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever, chills, myalgia and malaise -3rd: proctitis; rectal pain and bloody purulent discharge, fever, weight loss, malaise Diagnosis: -clinical findings -Nucleic acid amplification conformation Treatment: -Doxycycline or erythromycin |
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis |
|
|
Gonorrhea:
-organism: ... -... and adhesins to attach to mucosal cells -purulent discharge -Men: ... -Women: ... -other infection sites: pharynx, rectum and eye -opthalmia neotatorum: conjunctivitis in neonate -disseminated gonoccal infections can occur, especially in women. Symptoms are fever, migratory arthralgia, purulent arthritis of the wrists, knees and ankles, and a rash with a grayish central lesion on a red base on the extremities. -diagnosis: can only use direct gram stain for ... -treatment: a 3rd generation cephalosporin |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
pili urethritis cervicitis man with a urethral discharge |
|
|
Syphilis:
organism: ... 1st stage: ... (painless ulcer) 2nd stage: mucocutaneous rash, malaise, sore throat, headache, fever, anorexia, lymphadenopathy 3rd stage: chronic inflammation, granulomatous lesions (called ...), cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis |
Treponema pallidum
chancre gummas |
|
|
Diagnosis and Treatment of Syphilis:
Treponema pallidum -too ... to be seen -... be cultured Fluorescent antibody stain Nontreponemal tests -VDRL -RPR Treponemal tests: used to confirm positive results from the nontreponemal tests Treatment: Penicillin |
small
can’t |
|
|
Chancroid:
organism: ... painful ulcers (chancres) and inguinal lymphadenopathy (buboes). Diagnosis: clinical presentation and gram stain Treatment: Azithromycin or ceftraixone |
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
... – bacteria in the blood
-may be transient (dental work is a common cause) -persistent or sustained may result in fever, but may also have no symptoms (called ...) |
bacteremia
occult bacteremia |
|
|
... – bacteria in the blood which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
-aka sepsis -a bacteremia that causes symptoms |
septicemia
|
|
|
... – defined as 2 or more of the following criteria:
Fever of >38 degrees C or <36 degrees C Heart rate > 90 beats/min Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min or a PaCO2 <32 mmhg WBC of >12,000/mm^3 or < 4000/mm^3 or > 10% bands Not necessarily due to infection |
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
|
|
|
Routes of infection and most common Etiologies:
Organisms causing pneumonia or lung abscess |
lungs
|
|
|
organisms causing sinusitis and otitis media
|
upper respiratory tract
|
|
|
organisms causing skin, wound, IV or burn infections
|
skin/bones
|
|
|
organisms causing meningitis
|
Central nervous system
|
|
|
organisms causing endocarditis
|
heart valves
|
|
|
organisms causing urinary tract infections
|
urinary tract
|
|
|
organisms causing foodborne infections
|
gastrointestinal
|
|
|
normal flora of gastrointestinal tract
|
intra-abdominal (peritonitis, abscesses)
|
|
|
Neisseria meningitidis can cause sepsis without meningitis
|
Meningococcemia
|
|
|
Pediatric Occult Bacteremia:
Presentation: often simply as a ... Outcome: -can spontaneously resolve or lead to septicemia In neonates, infection occurs during ... In infants and older children, starts with colonization of the ... Etiology: -Neonates: ... -1-2 months: ..., ... and ... -3-36 months: ... |
fever
birth nasopharynx Group B Streptococcus Escherichia coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella, Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
A 6 year old boy presents to the emergency department with vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain 6 hours after eating potato salad.
What is the most likely etiology? 1. Clostridium perfringens 2. Escherichia coli ETEC 3. Vibrio parahaemolyticus 4. Staphylococcus aureus 5. Yersinia enterocolitica What class of toxin causes the symptoms? 1. AB exotoxin 2. cAMP inducer 3. endotoxin 4. neurotoxin 5. superantigen What is the best treatment? 1. antibiotics and fluids 2. antimotility agents and fluids 3. fluids alone 4. fluids, antibiotics and antimotility agents |
4. Staphylococcus aureus
5. superantigen 3. fluids alone |
|
|
Several children around the country are stricken with watery diarrhea, headache and blood in the stools after eating hamburgers at a fast-food chain. No fecal leukocytes are observed in these patients.
What is the most likely etiology? 1. Clostridium perfringens 2. Escherichia coli EHEC 3. Vibrio parahaemolyticus 4. Staphylococcus aureus 5. Yersinia enterocolitica What is the most likely complication? 1. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea 2. Guillain-Barre syndrome 3. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 4. Reactive arthritis 5. Subacute endocarditis What is the best treatment? 1. Antibiotics and fluids 2. antimotility agents and fluids 3. fluids alone 4. fluids, antibiotics and antimotility agents What is the mechanism of action of the toxin? 1. cAMP inducer 2. cholesterol-binding cytolysin 3. neurotoxin 4. protein synthesis inhibitor 5. superantigen |
2. Escherichia coli EHEC
3. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 3. fluids alone 4. protein synthesis inhibitor |
|
|
A 37 year old woman presents to the emergency department with bloody diarrhea, cramps and fever. Lab results indicate the presence of fecal leukocytes and Gram-negative microaerophilic rods. What is the most likely etiology?
1. Campylobacter jejuni 2. Clostridium difficile 3. Escherichia coli EHEC 4. Helicobacter pylori 5. Shigella |
1. Campylobacter jejuni
|
