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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the one organism that really ever infects the stomach?
Causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric carcinoma |
Helicobacter pylori
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Helicobacter pylori:
-Has ... which allows it to swim through the mucosal layer. -has ... which allow it to adhere to the mucosal lining -makes ... which breaks down ... in the stomach to ammonia and bicarbonate. The ammonia ... the acid |
flagella
adhesins urease urea neutralizes |
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What is this?
-inflammation of the stomach mucosa -Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic ... -usually asymptomatic, but may exhibit gastric pain |
Gastritis
gastritis |
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What is this?
-Helicobacter pylori is major cause. -NSAIDS is the other cause. -presenting complaint: epigastric pain ~1-5 hours after eating. |
Peptic Ulcer Disease
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What are the 5 factors you consider when assessing a patient with diarrhea?
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blood in stool
fever abdominal pain extent of dehydration epidemiology |
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Watery Diarrhea:
-aka ... aka ... -frequent fluid stools -take the ... of the container -... and ... are not seen in the feces, and in most types of watery diarrhea, ... is not present in the stools. -the bacteria enter the GI tract via contaminated ... or ... -person-to-person spread is ... -these bacteria ... to the mucosal lining of the intestine, but ... the mucosa. -most types are caused by an ..., which increases fluid loss to the lumen of the small intestine. |
non-inflammatory diarrhea
secretory diarrhea shape pus and mucus blood food or water rare attach do not invade enterotoxin |
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Staphylococcus aureus Food poisoning:
-watery diarrhea is caused by ... present in the food. -symptoms: abrupt onset of vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Occur within 2-6 hours of ingestion -most commonly contaminated foods are processed ... and ... products -heating the food ... destroy the toxin. -the enterotoxin is a ... -treatment: ... (antibiotics?) |
staphylococcal enterotoxin
meats dairy will not superantigen rehydration and no antibiotics |
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What are the 2 types of foodborne disease that Bacillus cereus cause?
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Emetic disease
Diarrheal disease |
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Emetic disease:
-Caused by ingesting ... -contamination of food (usually ...) -reheating ... destroy toxin -within 6 hours of ingestion, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramps develop. |
just toxin
rice will not |
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Diarrheal disease:
-caused by ingesting ... -Bacillus cereus attaches to the ... of the small intestine and multiplies. -enterotoxin causes watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps -most commonly contaminated foods are ..., ..., and ... -bacteria require growth in the ..., so incubation period is longer (8-12 hours) Treatment: .. (antibiotics?) |
bacteria and toxin
mucosal lining meat, vegetables, sauces intestinal tract rehydration and no antibiotics |
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Clostridium perfringens Foodborne infection:
-contaminates ... and its products -If food is not properly ..., bacteria can grow to very high levels. -The vegetative cells ... and ... in the small intestine, releasing an enterotoxin. -Reheating ... kill the vegetative cells and destroy the heat-labile toxin. -incubation is between 8 hours to 1 day. Treatment: ... (antibiotics?) |
meat
refrigerated sporulate lyse will rehydration and no antibiotics |
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... foodborne infection:
-contaminate fresh fruit, vegetables, and water. -not transmitted person to person -known as “traveler’s diarrhea” -incubation period: 1-3 days -symptoms: watery diarrhea and possible vomiting. |
Enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli (ETEC)
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ETEC foodborne infection:
the bacteria adhere to the lining of the small intestine and then produce one of 2 types of enterotoxins: 1) ... – Increases adenylate cyclase activity 2) ... – increases guanylate cyclase activity genes for both toxins are carried on a ... Treatment: ... (antibiotics?) |
Heat-labile toxin (LT-1)
Heat-stable toxin (STa) conjugative plasmid rehydration and no antibiotics |
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... and ... Escherichia coli Foodborne infections:
-causes watery diarrhea and vomiting in infants in developing countries -travelers to countries where ... strains are endemic are also at risk -cause diarrhea by disrupting the microvillus structure of the small intestine -do not cause disease by producing an enterotoxin -diarrhea may be chronic -treatment: ... (antibiotics?) |
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC) EAEC rehydration and no antibiotics |
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... Escherichia coli Foodborne infection:
-Common inhabitant of the bovine (cow) intestine -The most common strain is ... -can be transmitted from person to person -Attach to the large intestine and produce at least one shiga-like toxin, Stx-1 and Stx-2. -They are AB5 toxins which inhibit protein synthesis in the intestinal ... -incubation time: 1-2 days -symptoms: vomiting, fever -symptoms after 2 days: bloody stools and severe abdominal pain, termed ... -Laboratory work-up would show that fecal leukocytes ... be present -treatment: ... (antibiotics?) |
Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)
O157:H7 villus hemorrhagic colitis would not absolutely NO antibiotics |
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A complication of EHEC infection is ...
primarily affects children characterized by: -... – a disorder where blood vessels are obstructed, resulting in hemolysis and anemia -... – lack of platelets -acute ... failure |
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia thrombocytopenia renal |
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... Foodborne and Waterborne infections:
-grows in costal waters and contaminates shellfish -caused by ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked shellfish. can be transmitted via ..., but not by direct person to person contact -symptoms: severe watery diarrhea, called ..., which has “rice water” appearance and a fishy odor, vomiting -caused by serotypes O1 and O139 -Most cases in US are caused by the El Tor strain O1 -do a lab work up if patient has severe dehydration (large volume of fluid loss) -treatment: ... (antibiotics?) |
Vibrio cholerae
water cholera Yes, antibiotics help reduce duration of diarrhea and volume of fluid lost. (Tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones) |
