Exam 5 Marriage And Family Relationships

Front 1

U.S. Census Definition of Stepfamily

Back 1

"A married couple family in which there is at least one stepchild of the householder present. If the child has been adopted by the householder, that child is classified as an adopted child and the family is not classified as a stepfamily, unless another nonadopted stepchild is present."

Front 2

How many stepfamilies are there in the US?

Back 2

Unkown

Front 3

What we do know about stepfamilies

Back 3

-Nearly everyone in the U.S. marries and often

-Divorce rate: 5.4/1,000 persons (approximately 50% of 1st; 60% of 2nd marriages divorce)

-U.S. has highest remarriage rate in the world (85% of divorced couples remarry)
*1/2 of all marriages are a remarriage
*10% of remarriages are a 3rd marriage
-50-60% of remarried couples will divorce again at least once

Front 4

Who remaries?

Back 4

-Men
-European Americans
-Do not have children
-Education
-Age: mean 38.3 for men 35 for women
*over 1/2 million older adults over 65 yrs remarry
-Low income

*Those who do remarry do so quickly. Generally less than 4 yrs after divorce, and 30% remarry in less than 1 year

Front 5

Do all remarriages create stepfamilies?

Back 5

NO.

-Of those who marry 65% have children

-1/2 of all Americans today will be in a step relationship in their lifetime

-More Americans will be living in stepfamilies than in nuclear families and at least 1/3rd of all children under 18 yrs old who reside with two adults will be in a step situation

-Cohabitation is a precursor to approximately 78% of all remarriages

Front 6

What 2 factors affect the numbers of remarriages and stepfamilies?

Back 6

1. Out-of-wedlock births
-Pool of parents enteriing marriage market who have not been married before
-1/4 of all mothers and 1/3 of all children

2. Nonmarital cohabitation
-children are living w/parent and partners w/out legally being married
-about 2/3 of mothers and children enter stepfamily through cohabitation

Front 7

1999-2003 Total Utah Marriages (by couple)

Back 7

FIRST MARRIAGES (78,021; 65% )

HIGHER (41,958; 35%)

Front 8

1999-2003 Higher Order Marriages

Back 8

First for bride (8,965; 21%)
First for groom (9,271; 22%)
Higher for both (23,722; 57%)

Front 9

Pie Charts

Back 9

First Marriage for Women=1st Marriage for Men @ 90%

Front 10

What are some hardships affecting stepfamilies?

Back 10

-Cinderella Effect
-Incomplete Institution
-Labeling

Front 11

What are labels associated with stepfamilies?

Back 11

-reconstituted
-blended
-reconstructed
-reorganized
-reformed
-recycled
-combined
-second-time around
-merged

Front 12

Normative-Adaptive Perspective

Back 12

-Looks at both positive and negative dimentions
-Looks for more than comparison with first families
**Stepfamilies are conceptualized as a legitimate family form
***Stepfamilies are worthy of examination and consideration

Front 13

History of Domestic Violence Research

Back 13

-Issue began receiving attention in mid 1970's (female rights)
-Cycle of Violence (1989): helped the process or progress by terming it.
-Domestic Violence is the term most often used with the public
-Power and Control Wheel (1993)

Front 14

Define Domestic Violence

Back 14

a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner.

Front 15

Power & Control Wheel (8)

Back 15

-Using intimidation
-using emotional abuse (found in every case)
-using isolation
-minimizing, denying, blaming
-using children
-using male privilege
-using economic abuse (found in every case)
-using coercion and threats

Front 16

Signs to Look for in a Battering Personality

Back 16

-Jealousy
-Controlling behavior
-Quick involvement (pro)
-Unrealistic expectations
-Isolation (starts out slowly)
-Blames others (always someone elses fault)
-hypersensitivity (disecting what comes out of your mouth)
-cruelty to animals (lack of empathy and no respect for life)
-rough sex (if you're uncomfortable with it)
-verbal abuse
-rigid sex roles
-Dr. Jekyl Mr. Hyde (bipolar being over diagnosed)

Front 17

High Potential for Battering

Back 17

-Past battering
-Threats of violence
-Breaking or striking objects
-Use of force during an argument

Front 18

IPV: Intimate Partner Violence

Back 18

IPV was coined in 1993 by Rennison and Welchans (new term in the field)

Front 19

What are the four differentiated types of IPV

Back 19

-Coercive Controlling Violence (power and control)

-Violence Resistance (Self defense)

-Situational Couple Violence (argument turns into violence...power and control is not present)

-Separation-Instigated Violence (no record of violence in relationshiop until seperation...other person looses it. Like Snapped on TV)

Front 20

IPV Stats

Back 20

-IPV annual rates: nearly 2 million injuries and 1300 deaths

-33% of violent crimes reported to police were family violence. 1/2 of these were between spouses

-Apprx. 85% of IPV victimes are female

Front 21

Courtship Abuse Stats

Back 21

Campus Dating Violence
-12% of completed rapes on a date
-35% of attempted rapes on a date
-22% of threatened rapes on a date

*75% of men and 55% of women involved in acquaintance rape had been drinking or taking drugs prior to the incident

Front 22

Intimate Justice Theory

Back 22

-Brian Jory 1998

-3 ethical dimensions: Equality, Fairness, Care

-9 ethical concepts: Freedom, Reciprocity, Empathy, Respect, Accountability, Mutuality, Accommodation, Nurturance, Attachment

-Used to study domestic violence and therapeutic interventions

Front 23

Child Abuse and Neglect

Back 23

-Estimated 3 million children are exposed to parental violence each year

**In UTAH it's against the law to let children watch domestic violence

-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services in 2007
*1,760 child fatalities due to abuse or neglect
*Estimated 794,000 child victims of abuse or neglect
*Birth to 1 yr highest rate of victimization at 21.9 per 1,000 children.
*Nearly 60% neglect, 10.8% physical, 7.6% sexual, 5% psychological

Front 24

Why Would Women Stay?

Back 24

-Fear
-Societal Pressure (women feel keeping family together is women's job)
-Religion (most frown upon divorce)
-Isolation (no knowledge)
-Economic dependancy (need to feed kids)
-Low self-esteem
-No place to go
-Lack of support (takes 7 times to learn for good...family may get tired after 2nd or 3rd)
-Embarrassment, shame
-Love and hope