Exam 5- Chapt 12 Review Sheet

Front 1

resting membrane potential

is negative on the inside compared to the outside because there are

Back 1

fever positively charged ions on the inside relative to the outside

Front 2

there is a slow outward leak of ___ that is larger than the inward leak of ___

Back 2

potassium


sodium

Front 3

why does the resting membrane potential stay at the level of negativity?

Back 3

because the sodium potassium pump keeps pumping the ions back to their original positions

Front 4

the negative membrane potential gets more positive because sodium ion channels open, while potassium ion channels remain closed.

Back 4

depolarization

Front 5

potassium channels open causes a rush of potassium out of the cell while sodium channels become inactiviated, stopping the rush of sodium inward.

Back 5

repolarization

Front 6

sodium channels are at rest and potassium channels are still open.

Back 6

hyperpolarization.

Front 7

the potassium gates close, and the membrane potential goes back to resting state.

Back 7

hyperpolarization

Front 8

this causes an influx of positive sodium ions inward

Back 8

depolarization

Front 9

membrane potential goes beyond resting potential to be even more negative.

Back 9

hyperpolarization

Front 10

this causes the membrane potential to become more negative

Back 10

repolarization

Front 11

occurs during repolarizing phase when sodium channels are inactivated.

Back 11

absolute refractory period

Front 12

occurs duing the hyperpolarizing phaase.

Back 12

relative refractory period

Front 13

during this no action potential can be generated

Back 13

absolute refractory period

Front 14

the action potential can be generated with a larger than normal stimulus because sodium channels have returned to their resting state

Back 14

relative refractory period

Front 15

no action potential is possible because the sodium gates have to get back to tehir original resting state before they can be opened again.

Back 15

absolite refractory period