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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lesions |
1.Abnormal occurance on healthy skin 2. Damaged or dysfunctional tissue |
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2 groups of lesions
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1.Exudate(with fluid) 2. Lesions that don't have fluid |
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3 types of Exudate |
1.Vesicles 2.Bulla 3.Pustule |
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Vesicles
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Small blister, clear & yellowish, fluid filled
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Bulla
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Large Blister,fluid filled |
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Pustule
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Very large & filled with puss, has WBC's & mo's in tissue. |
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3 types of Lesions that don't contain fluid
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1. Macule 2. Papule 3. Nodule |
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Macule |
small,flat,reddish to brownish color. EX. Measles |
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Papule |
Raised lesion that's composed of solid tissue |
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Nodule
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Raised, solid tissue, causes scaring from digging into the dermis. Ex. Leprosy |
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Skin Diseases (6) No Vaccines for all 1,3,&4 EA- Staph. a |
1. Impetigo of the Newborn 2. Streptococalo Impetigo 3. Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS) 4. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) 5. Psedomonas(underline) dermatitis(don't underline), swimmers ear 6.Leprosy, Hansen's disease |
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Impetigo of Newborn |
1.Staphylococcus aureus, Positive, cocci, clusters 2. Direct & Indirect contact, Nococomial-hospital nurseries, or at home 3. Skin vesicles 4. Skin swab, culture vesicle fluid on plate 5. Topical antibiotics, Hexachlorophene lotion (too much can cause neurological damage to newborn |
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Streptococalo Impetigo |
1. Streptococcus pyogenes; Positive cocci, chains, Lancefiled grouping A, & Beta hemolytic 2. Direct & Indirect 3. Skin vesicles in children & adults 4. Skin swab, culture vesicle fluid 5. Antibiotics
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Scalded Skin Syndrome(SSS)
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1. Staph a. has specific strain that will produce a specific exotoxin; Positive,cocci, clusters 2. Direct contact 3. Skin vesicles around mouth, nose, sometimes eyes, skin peels in sheets, less than 2yrs of age 4. Skin swab, culture vesicle fluid 5. Antibiotics
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Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) |
1. Staph. a, a special toxin will be an exotxin under anarobic conditions; Positive, cocci, clusiers 2. Normal flora in vagina, blockage of circulation (tampon) 3. Fever, vomiting, rash, death will result w/o treatment 4. Blood test, spinal tap (dependant on age of pt.) 5. Antibiotics |
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Pseudomonas dermatitis, swimmers ear |
1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Negative, rod, endo & exotoxin 2. Indirect contact(fomites-pools,sponges) 3. Skin vesicles, pustule(blue-green colored puss) 4. Skin swab 5. Antibiotics |
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Leprosy, Hansens's disease |
1. Mycrobacterium leprae; no gram stain, but AFB(acid fast bacilli) stain 2. Direct contact, droplet, airborne, & vectors 3. Disfiguring nodules, loss of sensation 4. Skin swab, AFB stain, pin text 5. Multiple drug therapy (3-6mnths) |
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Nervous System Disease (4) 3 Meningitis-direct & droplet, antibiotics, |
1. Tetanus ( lockjaw, smiling death) 2. Bacterial Meningitis 3. Meningococcal meningitis 4. Streptococcal Meningitis |
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Tetanus (lockjaw, smiling death)
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1. Chlostridium tetani; Positive, rod, enospore-forming, anaerobic 2. Indirect contact (fomites-dirt,nail,injection) 3. Neurotoxin, stiffness in 5-10 days due to spastic paralysis, w/o treatment = death 4. pt. history of wound 5. Antitoxin, Tetanus Immune Globulins for Humans (TIGH) 6. Yes, DPT or DTaP |
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Bacterial Meningitis ( Infantile Meningitis) |
1. Haemophilus influenzae; Negative, pleomorphic, rod 2. Direct & droplet contact 3. Children 3mnths-5yrs old, AIDs pt., headache,fever, sorethroat, stiffness of neck, goes systemic, untreated will cause seizures & death. High fatality rate of 90%, 5% are institutionalized due to brain disabilities even with treatment 4. Spinal tap, GS & cultures 5. Antibiotics 6. Yes; Hib (Haemophilis influenzae type B) |
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Meningococcal Meningitis men-in-go-coccal |
1. Neisseria meningitides; Positive, diplococci 2. Direct & droplet contact 3. Less than 4yrs. old, can occur in adults & grow to epidemic proportions, headache,fever, sorethroat, stiffness of neck, goes systemic, will cause seizures and death if untreated 4. Spinal tap, GS, cultures 5. Antibiotics 6. Yes |
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Streptococcal Meningitis
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1. Steptococcus pneumoniae; Positive, diplococci 2. Direct & droplet contact 3. Less than 1yr old, headache,fever, sorethroat, stiffness of neck, goes systemic, will cause seizures and death if untreated 4. Spinal tap, GS, cultures,Quelling test due to huge capsule 5.Antibiotics 6. Yes |
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Cardiovascular System Diseases (6) No Vaccines for : #1,4, #5 is No due to being recalled ;#3-Typically No Vaccs but only for high risk grps like the Peace Core. |
1. Bacterial Subacute Endocarditis 2. Tularemia AKA Rabbit Fever 3. Plaque - Bubonic, Pneumonic AKA Black DEATH 4. Gangrene AKA Gas Gangrene 5. Lyme Disease 6. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever AKA RMSF |
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Bacterial Subacute Endocarditis |
1. Streptoccocus species Viridans grp that is Alpha hemolytic; Positive, chains or pairs 2. Normal flora that can be opportunistic during dental/oral surgery - will move from normal flora area to be trapped & develops lesions. 3. Lesions, blood cots can develop. blockage, takes several months, could be fatal, fever, anemia, heart murmur 4. Pt. history, blood cultures 5.Antibiotics |
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Tularemia AKA Rabbit fever |
1. Francisella tularensis: Negative, pleomorphic rod 2. Direct or bite contact with skins or rabbit meat, squirrels, apes, vectors are biting flies, mosquitoes, mites 3. Local lesion w/ inflammation & fever til it goes systemic; adbnormal pain, enlarged lymphnotes & left untreated pt could die. 4. Pt. history (bite/contact w/animal), sputum culture via a tubule ligation 5. Antibiotics 6. Attenuated, made for high risk groups |
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Plaque AKA Black Death Bubonic & Pneumonic |
1. Yersinia pestis: Negative; rod 2. a) Bubonic- Direct: vectors from animal fleas (typically rats) b) Pneumonic- droplet contact, airborne 3. a. Bubonic- flea bite starts at local then goes systemic; high fever, lymph nodes develops buboes & turns purple-black due to blood hemorrhaging *(BOTH FLU LIKE SYMPTOMS)* b.) lower respiratory, lungs w/ lesions 4. Blood & Gram stain cultures 5.Anitibiotics |
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Gangrene AKA Gas Gangrene |
1.Clostridium perfringes: Positive, rod, endospore forming, anaerobic w/exotoxin (spore stain) forming 2. Indirect, fomite, puncture wound a) Ischemia - interruption in blood supply due to a narrowing 3. Necrosis-roting tissue on a live body (black tissue) & smell 4. Pt. history, blood cultures, @ site of necrosis you will culture tissue anaerobic 5. Antibiotics & last resort is amputation |
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Lyme Disease |
1. Borrelia burgdorferi: Negative, intracellular,spirochete 2. Vector from a deer tick 3. Flu like symptoms, rash with red-ring, bulls-eye rash; If untreated will have nerve damage, heart damge & arthritis. If still left untreated significant nerve/heart damage 4. Blood & urine test, spinal tap, ELISA 5. Tetracycline & amoxicillin also multiple drug thearpy 6. No it's been recalled only 80% effective |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever AKA RMSF |
1. Rickettsia rickettsii: Negative, intracellular, spirochete 2. Vector via a tick 3. Rash on entire body, fever, kidney & heart failure 4. Pt. history serological test(ELISA) 5. Antibiotics 6. Yes- kills MO's: mainly for lab lab occupational workers |
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Upper Respiratory Diseases (3) No Vaccines for all & Gram Stains (GS) are ALL POSITIVE! |
1. Strep Throat 2. Scarlet Fever 3. Rheumatic Fever |
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Strep Throat |
1. Steptococcus pyogenes: Positive, cocci in chains/pairs & Beta Hemolytic Lancefield Grp A 2. Direct, indirect & droplet 3. Fever, throat (enlarged tonsillitis), lymph nodes, middle ear 4. Pt. history, throat swab 5. Antibiotics |
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Scarlet Fever |
1.Streptococcus pyogenes w/ bacteriophage: Positive, cocci in chains/pairs 2. Direct, Indirect & droplet 3. Red rash (scarletina), strep throat 4. Pt. history, Check for strep throat, throat swab 5.Antibiotics |
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Rheumatic Fever |
1.Streptococcus pyogenes w/ bacteriophage: Positive, cocci in chains/pairs 2. Direct, Indirect & droplet 3. Strep throat & scarlet fever now has gone to the heart 4. Throat swab, serological test(ELISA) 5. Antibiotics |
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Lower Respiratory Diseases (3) |
1. Whooping Cough 2. Turberculosis AKA TB 3. Bacterial Pneumonia |
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Whooping Cough |
1. Bordetella pertussis, Negative; pleomorphic rod 2. Direct, Indirect & droplet- HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS 3. Massive amount of mucous begins to develop in the lungs, cough & suffocating 4. Nasopharyngeal culture 5. Antibiotics 6. Triplet DTaP (it's the P in this) series of shots. 1st is a killed MO, 2/3 are acellular boosters |
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Tuberculosis AKA TB |
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: AFB stain, rods 2. Airborne 3. Cough w/blood, tubercle (walled off lesions), necrosis, caseous 4.Chest x-ray, sputum culture, AFB stain & culture 5. Multiple antibiotics 6. Not in the US only the skin test in the US (mantoux or Tuberculosis Skin Test) |
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Bacterial Pneumonia |
1. a Streptococcus pneumoniae - ALWAYS POSITIVE, chains/pairs & can be diplococci b. Haemophilus influenzae - Negative, pleomorphic rod c. Legionella pneumophilia, Negative, rod 2. droplet & airborne 3. Fever, cough and/or chest pain, blood colored sputum 4. Pt. history, sputum sample, Gram stain 5. Specific antibiotic based on gram stain 6. PV, shot series for children & older adults (retiree) |
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Digestive Diseases (8) Only Vacc for #4 |
1. Dental Caries AKA Cavities (#1 digestive disease in world) 2.Straphylococcus Food Poisoning 3.Salmonellosis 4. Typhoid Fever 5. Escherichia coli O157:H7 6.Botulism 7. Camphylobacteriosis 8. Stomach Ulcers |
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Dental Caries AKA Cavities #1 Digestive Disease in the world! |
1. Streptococcus mutans: Positive, cocci, chains 2. Normal flora produces an acid pH in mouth & erodes enamel 3. Pain, discolorization, gums 4. Pt. history, x-ray, observation 5. Drilling, filling & extraction
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Staphylococcus Food Poisoning |
1. Staphylococcus aureus; Positive, clusters 2. CV: custards, cream pies, ham & chicken 3. 1-24 hrs : 1st 4 hrs= headache & vomiting. 4-24hrs diarrhea, dehydration; then 6-24hrs still in intestinal tract, suck on ICE ONLY! 4. culture stool sample 5. re-hydration |
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Salmonellosis |
1. Salmonella typhimurium; Negative, rod, NLF(non-lactose fermenter) 2. CV: beef, poultry, eggs, milk, direct contact, turtles (pool indirect) 3. 12-36 hrs fever & diarrhea 4. Food & stool cultures 5. re-hydration |
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Typhoid Fever |
1. Salmonella typhi; Negative, rod, NLF 2. CV: fecal oral 3. 2 weeks = incubation & VERY HIGH FEVER 4. Pt. history & blood cultures 5. re-hydration, antibiotics, removal of gall bladder 6. Yes, a killed MO to high risk person going into endemic area |
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 |
1. Escherichia coli O157:H7; Negative rod, SINGLE 2. CV: hamburger (49% from resturants & 51% from home) spinach & chicken 3. Bloody diarrhea, death w/o treatment, acute 4. Pt. history, stool cultures 5. re-hydrate, antibiotics |
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Botulism |
1. Clostridium botulinum; Positive, rod, exotoxin=neurotoxin, spore forming anaerobic 2. CV: canned food that is bowed 3. 18hrs= blurred vision, some nausea, weakness,flaccid paralysis, death w/o treatment 4. Pt. history, toxin in blood 5. re-hydrate. antioxin Infantile botulism- body can't deal with Clostridium botulinum in honey |
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Campylobacteriosis |
1. Campylobacter jejuni; Negative, curved rod 2. CV: animal fecal involves food & water, un-pasteurized cow's milk 3. 7 days = fever, diarrhea, bloody stools, acute 4. Pt. history stool culture 5.re-hydration, antibiotics |
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Stomach Ulcers |
1. Helicobacter pylori: Negative, curved rod 2. Direct contact (oral-oral) CV: oral fecal (cats oral-oral are reservoirs for this bacteria) 3.Pt. history, stomach ulcers 4. Breath test (ammonia test), biopsy 5. Antibiotic - acid reducer (antacid) |
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Urinary System Disease (3) No Vaccines for all
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1. Cystitis AKA Bladder Infection (UTI) 2. Pylonephritis (untreated cystitis) 3. Glomerulonephritis AKA Bright's Disease |
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Cystitis AKA Bladder Infection (UTI) |
1. E. Coli (Escherichia coli), Proteus vugaris, Psuedomonas aeruginosa & Enterobacter aerogenes: Negative, rod 2. Direct (sexual, potty training), Indirect (catheter, nosocomial), poor personal hygiene 3. Dysuria (painful urination), pyuria (many WBC's in urine) 4. Pt. history, UA (urine analysis - color turbid) micro = CS (culture & sensitivity), GS greater than 100,000 Bact/mL is an infection 5. Antibiotics |
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Pylonephritis (untreated cystitis) |
1.E. Coli (Escherichia coli); Negative, rod 2. Direct (sexual, potty training), Indirect (catheter, nosocomial) 3. 1 or both kidney's have inflammation 4. Pt. history, UA (urine analysis - color turbid) micro = CS (culture & sensitivity), GS greater than 100,000 Bact/mL is an infection 5. Antibiotics |
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Glomerulonephritis AKA Bright's Disease |
1. Streptococcus pyogenes; Positive, cocci, chains & pairs 2. Direct (sexual, potty training), Indirect (catheter, nosocomial) 3.1 or both kidney's, inflammation of glomerulus, high blood pressure, fever WBC's & RBC's & phagocytosis & bleeding in the urine. 4. UA (C&S), GS (Gram stain) 5. Antibiotics
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Reproductive System Diseases or STD's (3) No Vaccines for all |
1. Gonorrhea 2. Syphilis 3. Chlamydia |
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Gonorrhea |
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Negative, diplococci 2. Direct (genitals, fluids) 3. Female can be asymptomatic: vaginal discharge, uterine bleeding. Male=Urethritis dysuria. w/o treatment=sterility for both sexes. @ childbirth the newborn is treated with silver nitrate or erthromycin to prevent blindness 4. Pt. history, occupation/life-style, GS, C&S 5. Antibiotics |
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Syphilis |
1. Treponema pallidum: Negative, intracellular, spirochete 2. Direct (genitals, fluids) - progresses w/o treatment will go through the stages again 3. 1st stage (Primary) - 2-3 wks after sex encounter (lesions aka chancre on penis or cervix that heals after 2-3 wks) 2nd stage - 6 wks after 1st stage skin rash will occur, joint pains, fever, flu-like symptoms, w/o treatment anemia will develop 3rd stage (Tertiary)- Gummas(lesions) form internally or externally, eventually death as long as gummas don't occur in vital location 4. Pt. history, occupation/life-style, GS, C&S, darkfield microscope 5. Antibiotics |
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Chlamydia |
1. Chlamydia trachomatis; Negative, pleomorphic rod 2. Direct (genitals, fluids) 3. Female can be asymptomatic, cervictitis. Male=Urethritis, sterility can occur if untreated. Newborn can have eye, respiratory problems & birth defects. 4. Pt. history, occupation/life-style, tissue culture 5. Antibiltics |
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Impetigo of the Newborn
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Staphylococcus aureus |
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Streptococalo Impetigo |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS) |
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) |
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Psedomonas(underline) dermatitis(don't underline), swimmers ear or Otitis externa |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Leprosy, Hansen's disease |
Mycobacterium leprae |
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Tetanus ( lockjaw, smiling death)
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Chlostridium tetani |
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Bacterial Meningitis |
Haemophilus influenzae |
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Meningococcal meningitis |
Neisseria meningitides |
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Streptococcal Meningitis |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Bacterial Subacute Endocarditis
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Streptoccocus species Viridans grp that is Alpha hemolytic |
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Tularemia AKA Rabbit Fever |
Francisella tularensis |
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Plaque - Bubonic, Pneumonic AKA Black DEATH |
Yersinia pestis |
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Gangrene AKA Gas Gangrene |
Clostridium perfringes |
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Lyme Disease |
Borrelia burgdorferi |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever AKA RMSF |
Rickettsia rickettsii |
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Strep Throat
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Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Scarlet Fever |
Streptococcus pyogenes w/ bacteriophage |
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Rheumatic Fever |
Streptococcus pyogenes w/ bacteriophage |
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Whooping Cough
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Bordetella pertussis |
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Turberculosis AKA TB |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Bacterial Pneumonia |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Dental Caries AKA Cavities (#1 digestive disease in world)
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Streptococcus mutans |
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Straphylococcus Food Poisoning |
Staphylococcus aureus |
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Salmonellosis |
Salmonella typhimurium |
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Typhoid Fever |
Salmonella typhi |
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Escherichia coli O157:H7 |
Escherichia coli O157:H7 |
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Botulism |
Clostridium botulinum |
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Camphylobacteriosis |
Campylobacter jejuni |
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Stomach Ulcers |
Helicobacter pylori |
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Cystitis AKA Bladder Infection (UTI) |
E. Coli (Escherichia coli), Proteus vugaris, Psuedomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter aerogenes |
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Pylonephritis (untreated cystitis) |
E. Coli (Escherichia coli) |
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Glomerulonephritis AKA Bright's Disease |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Gonorrhea
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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Syphilis |
Treponema pallidum |
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Chlamydia |
Chlamydia trachomatis |
